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Sökning: WFRF:(Larsson S) > Linköpings universitet

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1.
  • Abellán, C., et al. (författare)
  • Challenging Local Realism with Human Choices
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 557, s. 212-216
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A Bell test is a randomized trial that compares experimental observations against the philosophical worldview of local realism , in which the properties of the physical world are independent of our observation of them and no signal travels faster than light. A Bell test requires spatially distributed entanglement, fast and high-efficiency detection and unpredictable measurement settings. Although technology can satisfy the first two of these requirements, the use of physical devices to choose settings in a Bell test involves making assumptions about the physics that one aims to test. Bell himself noted this weakness in using physical setting choices and argued that human 'free will' could be used rigorously to ensure unpredictability in Bell tests. Here we report a set of local-realism tests using human choices, which avoids assumptions about predictability in physics. We recruited about 100,000 human participants to play an online video game that incentivizes fast, sustained input of unpredictable selections and illustrates Bell-test methodology. The participants generated 97,347,490 binary choices, which were directed via a scalable web platform to 12 laboratories on five continents, where 13 experiments tested local realism using photons, single atoms, atomic ensembles and superconducting devices. Over a 12-hour period on 30 November 2016, participants worldwide provided a sustained data flow of over 1,000 bits per second to the experiments, which used different human-generated data to choose each measurement setting. The observed correlations strongly contradict local realism and other realistic positions in bi-partite and tri-partite 12 scenarios. Project outcomes include closing the 'freedom-of-choice loophole' (the possibility that the setting choices are influenced by 'hidden variables' to correlate with the particle properties), the utilization of video-game methods for rapid collection of human-generated randomness, and the use of networking techniques for global participation in experimental science.
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2.
  • Abuzeid, Nadir, et al. (författare)
  • Antimycobacterial activity of selected medicinal plants traditionally used in Sudan to treat infectious diseases
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. - : Elsevier. - 0378-8741 .- 1872-7573. ; 157, s. 134-139
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ethnopharmacological relevance: The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis underscores the need for continuous development of new and efficient methods to determine the susceptibility of isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the search for novel antimycobacterial agents. Natural products constitute an important source of new drugs, and design and implementation of antimycobacterial susceptibility testing methods are necessary to evaluate the different extracts and compounds. In this study we have explored the antimycobacterial properties of 50 ethanolic extracts from different parts of 46 selected medicinal plants traditionally used in Sudan to treat infectious diseases. Materials and methods: Plants were harvested and ethanolic extracts were prepared. For selected extracts, fractionation with hydrophilic and hydrophobic solvents was undertaken. A luminometry-based assay was used for determination of mycobacterial growth in broth cultures and inside primary human macrophages in the presence or absence of plant extracts and fractions of extracts. Cytotoxicity was also assessed for active fractions of plant extracts. Results: Of the tested extracts, three exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on an avirulent strain of Mycobacterium tubercluosis (H37Ra) at the initial screening doses (125 and 6.25 mu g/ml). These were bark and leaf extracts of Khaya senegalensis and the leaf extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Further fractions of these plant extracts were prepared with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, ethanol and water, and the activity of these extracts was retained in hydrophobic fractions. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that the chloroform fraction of Khaya senegalensis bark was non-toxic to human monocyte-derived macrophages and other cell types at the concentrations used and hence, further analysis, including assessment of IC50 and intracellular activity was done with this fraction. Conclusion: These results encourage further investigations to identify the active compound(s) within the chloroform fraction of Khaya senegalensis bark. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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3.
  • Garpvall, K., et al. (författare)
  • Admission screening and cohort care decrease carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae in Vietnamese pediatric ICUs
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control. - : BMC. - 2047-2994. ; 10:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives To assess if admission screening for Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and cohort care can reduce CRE acquisition (CRE colonization during hospital stay), Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI), hospital-stay, mortality, and costs in three Intensive Care Units (ICUs) at the Vietnamese National Childrens Hospital. Method CRE screening using rectal swabs and ChromIDCarbas elective culture at admission and if CRE negative, once weekly. Patients were treated in cohorts based on CRE colonization status. Results CRE colonization at baseline point-prevalence screening was 76.9% (103/134). Of 941 CRE screened at admission, 337 (35.8%) were CREpos. 694 patients met inclusion criteria. The 244 patients CRE negative at admission and screened > 2 times were stratified in 8 similar size groups (periods), based on time of admission. CRE acquisition decreased significant (OR - 3.2, p < 0.005) from 90% in period 2 (highest) to 48% in period 8 (last period). Patients with CRE acquisition compared to no CRE acquisition had a significantly higher rate of culture confirmed HAI, n = 20 (14%) vs. n = 2 (2%), longer hospital stays, 3.26 vs. 2.37 weeks, and higher total treatment costs, 2852 vs. 2295 USD. Conclusion Admission CRE screening and cohort care in pediatric ICUs significantly decreased CRE acquisition, cases of HAI and duration of hospital-stay.
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4.
  • Giustina, M., et al. (författare)
  • Significant-Loophole-Free Test of Local Realism with Entangled Photons
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: 2016 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO). - : IEEE. - 9781943580118
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We report an experimental violation of a Bell inequality with strong statistical significance. Our experiment employs polarization measurements on entangled single photons and closes the locality, freedom-of-choice, fair-sampling, coincidence-time, and memory loopholes simultaneously.
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6.
  • Larsson, Arvid, et al. (författare)
  • Magnetic field enabled charge state control of single InAs/GaAs quantum dots
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: 2009 9th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology, IEEE NANO 2009. ; , s. 510-512
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Micro-photoluminescence in the presence of an external magnetic field is employed to study individual InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs). By varying the strength of the applied magnetic field, the charge state of the QD is tuned from a double negatively charged exciton to a neutral exciton. This effect is shown to be related to carrier transport in the QD-plane prior to capture into the QD. The temperature dependence of the tuning effect is discussed. © 2009 IEEE NANO Organizers.
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7.
  • Larsson, C., et al. (författare)
  • Estimation of blood loss after cesarean section and vaginal delivery has low validity with a tendency to exaggeration
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 85:12, s. 1448-1452
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background. Excessive bleeding is one of the major threats to women at childbirth. The aim of this study was to validate estimation of blood loss during delivery. Methods. Bleeding was estimated after 29 elective cesarean sections and 26 vaginal deliveries and compared to blood loss measured by extraction of hemoglobin using the alkaline hematin method, according to Newton. Results. Inter-individual agreement of estimation showed good results. Estimated loss in comparison with measured loss resulted in an over-estimation. In vaginally delivered women, there was no correlation between estimated and measured blood loss (r2=0.13), and in women delivered by elective cesarean section, the correlation was moderate (r2=0.55). Agreement, according to Bland and Altman, indicated that measured blood loss could vary from 570 ml less to 342 ml more than estimated blood loss. Conclusions. The standard procedure of estimation of obstetric bleeding was found to be unreliable. In this study, blood loss was over-estimated in cesareans. In vaginal deliveries, there seemed to be no correlation. Estimated blood loss as a quality indicator or as a variable in studies comparing complications must be used with caution. For clinical purposes, estimation of blood loss and measurement of post partum hemoglobin is of low value and may lead to the wrong conclusions. © 2006 Taylor & Francis.
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8.
  • Larsson, L. Arvid, et al. (författare)
  • Temperature and Magnetic Field Effects on the Transport Controlled Charge State of a Single Quantum Dot
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS. - : Springer Science Business Media. - 1931-7573 .- 1556-276X. ; 5:7, s. 1150-1155
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Individual InAs/GaAs quantum dots are studied by micro-photoluminescence. By varying the strength of an applied external magnetic field and/or the temperature, it is demonstrated that the charge state of a single quantum dot can be tuned. This tuning effect is shown to be related to the in-plane electron and hole transport, prior to capture into the quantum dot, since the photo-excited carriers are primarily generated in the barrier.
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9.
  • Magnussen, S., et al. (författare)
  • What people believe about memory
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Memory. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0965-8211 .- 1464-0686. ; 14:5, s. 595-613
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Two representative samples of adult Norwegians (n=2000) were asked a set of general and specific questions regarding their beliefs and opinions about human memory. The results indicate that on many questions, such as time of the earliest memories, inhibiting effects of collaboration, and memory for dramatic versus ordinary events, the views of the general public concurred with current research findings, and people in general had realistic views about their own memory performance. On other questions, such as the reliability of olfactory as compared with visual and auditory memory, the memory of small children in comparison with that of adults, the likelihood of repression of adult traumatic memories, and on more general questions such as the possibility of training memory and the capacity limitations of long-term memory, a large proportion of the participants expressed views that are less supported by scientific evidence. Implications of these findings are briefly discussed. © 2006 Psychology Press Ltd.
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10.
  • Ryk, C., et al. (författare)
  • Influence of polymorphism in DNA repair and defence genes on p53 mutations in bladder tumours
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Cancer Lett. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3835 .- 1872-7980. ; 241:1, s. 142-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We studied the effects of polymorphisms in nine genes involved in DNA repair and detoxification on occurrence and type of p53 mutation in 327 bladder cancer patients. The included polymorphisms are XPC(Lys939Gln), XPD(Lys751Gln), XPG(Asp1104His), XRCC1(Arg3999Gln), XRCC3(Thr241Met), NBS1(Glu185Gln), cyclin D1(Pro241Pro), MTHFR(Ala222Val and Glu429Ala) and NQO1(Arg139Trp and Pro187Ser). We found increased risk for p53 mutation among cyclin D1 variant allele homozygotes (OR 2.4 CI 0.8-6.7). Among non-smokers, 75% (3/4) with p53 mutation but only 12.5% (3/24) without p53 mutations were XRCC3 241Met homozygotes (P=0.03). Among smokers, all p53 transversions (3/3), but only 41.7% (5/12) of p53 transitions were found among carriers of the XPC 939Gln allele. Individuals carrying the NQO1 187Ser allele showed increased risk for p53 transversions (OR 4.7, CI 0.9-26.1). All (2/2) NQO1 139Trp allele carriers but only 17.5% (7/40) of the Arg139 homozygotes had p53 transversions. Our findings suggest that altered repair and detoxification due to genetic polymorphism may influence the occurrence of p53 mutations in bladder cancer.
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