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- Borg, Tomas
(författare)
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Pelvic Ring Injuries and Acetabular Fractures : Quality of Life Following Surgical Treatment
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim was to study outcome following surgery of the injured pelvis with focus on assessment from the patient’s perspective. All adult patients operatively treated for pelvic ring injuries or acetabular fractures at the Department of Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, starting 2003 were prospectively included and followed with quality of life (QoL) instruments for 2 years. The most common trauma mechanism was motor vehicle accident (MVA). Study I included 54 patients with pelvic ring injuries during the three-year period 2003-2005. The two instruments, SF-36 and LiSat-11, were used. In 45 responders lower than normative QoL and life satisfaction prevailed at two years after the injury. Study II included 12 patients with pelvic ring injuries or acetabular fractures sustained following a jump from height in an attempt to commit suicide. At four years all patients were still alive and SCID-interviews performed by a psychiatrist revealed low recurrence of self-destructive behaviour and high QoL in the younger patients. Study III included 136 patients with acetabular fractures where 52 had elementary and 84 associated fracture patterns. Fracture reduction was 0-1 mm in 106 patients and 2 mm or more in 30. QoL was significantly higher in patients with anatomically reduced fractures. Physical SF-36 domains improved with time, albeit QoL was lower than norm. Study IV had the aim to construct a condition-specific outcome instrument for patients with acetabular fractures. Closed and open questions were sent to 127 consecutive acetabular fracture patients at 6, 12 and 24 months following surgery. Responses were validated through factor analysis, scree tests, item reduction and principal component analysis which resulted in a multi-item verbal descriptive scale (VDS) with six condition-specific questions related to “Pain”, “Walking”, “Hip motion”, “Leg numbness”, “Sexual life”, “Operation scar” and a global question concerning impact on daily life activities for acetabular fracture assessment.
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- Buciuto, Robert
(författare)
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Treatment of unstable trochanteric hip fractures : A clinical, mechanical and radiographic evaluation of the RAB-plate
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The problems associated with the management of proximal femoral fractures gain more attention as the elderly population continue to increase. It has been estimated that the total number of hip fractures in the world will increase from 1.7 million per year in 1990 to 6.3 million per year in 2050 (Cooper et al 1992). Operative treatment of these fractures is a challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon mainly due to poor bone quality, which increases the risk of fixation failure.More than 50% of the total number of hip fractures are extracapsular fractures. Mortality, morbidity and costs as a result of trochanteric fracture are higher than those for a cervical fracture. The consequence is increased resource consumption in the national health-care system. The estimated total cost of treatment increase 3-fold in case of a complication. Therefore, a variety of different devices have been designed in order to decrease the ratio of complications. However, in spite of this, the reported ratio of fixation failure continues be high and may reach 25% following treatment of unstable trochanteric fractures. We evaluated a new type of fixation device, the RAB-plate (Rigidity Augmentation Baixauli), for the treatment of unstable trochanteric hip fractures. The RAB-plate is a fixed 120-degree angle blade-plate with a buttress rod.We performed three clinical trials where 391 unstable trochanteric fractures were stabilised with the RAB-plate or a Sliding Hip Screw (SHS). The results showed a statistically significant lower number of complications in fractures stabilised with the RAB-plate.The fatigue resistance of the RAB-plate was evaluated in a cyclic loading test model. The RAB-plate had a statistically significant higher fatigue strength than two different designs of the SHS.Stability of the fixation and modes of failure were radiographically analysed in a series of 218 unstable trochanteric fractures treated with the RAB-plate or the SHS. The RAB-plate provided a more stable fixation especially with regard to maintained postoperative alignment. However, positive predictors for fixation failure e.g.implant position within the femoral head, varus reduction in anteroposterior projection and screw/neck angle deviation in the lateral projection were identical for both devices.Spontaneous femoral neck fracture after removal of the fixation device in healed unstable trochanteric fractures was investigated in a series of 7 patients. Our results indicate that implant-induced osteoporosis (stress protection) is a possible cause of subsequent fracture.Our conclusions are that the RAB-plate is a safe implant for fixation of unstable trochanteric hip fractures and results in lower incidence of complications compared to SHS. Therefore, the RAB can be recommended for fixation of unstable trochanteric fractures.
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- Christersson, Albert
(författare)
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Fractures of the distal radius : Factors related to radiographic evaluation, conservative treatment and fracture healing
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are one of the most common injuries encountered in orthopaedic practise. Such fractures are most often treated conservatively, but surgical treatment has become increasingly common. This trend is not entirely scientifically basedThe aims of this thesis were threefold: to increase measurement precision in dorsal angulation (DA) on radiographs and computer tomographies (CTs); to assess the results after shortened plaster cast fixation time in reduced DRFs; and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of applying Augment® (rhPDGF-BB/β-TCP) in DRFs.In Paper I and Appendix 1 and 2, a semi-automatic CT-based three-dimensional method was developed to measure change in DA over time in DRFs. This approach proved to be a better (more sensitive) method than radiography in determining changes in DA in fractures of the distal radius.In Paper II, a CT model was used to simulate lateral radiographic views of different radial directions in relation to the X-ray. Using an alternative reference point on the distal radius, precision and accuracy in measuring DA was increased.Paper III and IV are based on a prospective and randomised clinical study (the GitRa trial) that compares clinical and radiographic outcomes after plaster cast removal at 10 days versus 1 month in 109 reduced DRFs. Three patients in the early mobilised group were excluded because of fracture dislocation (n=2) or a feeling of fracture instability (n=1). For the remaining patients in the early mobilised group (51/54) a limited but temporary gain in range of motion, but a slight increase in radiographic displacement were observed. Our results suggest that plaster cast removal at 10 days after reduction of DRFs is not feasible.Paper V is based on a prospective, randomised clinical study (the GEM trial) in which 40 externally fixated DRFs were randomised to rhPDGF-BB/β-TCP into the fracture gap or to the control group. Augment® proved to be convenient and safe during follow-up (24 weeks). However, because of the nature of the study design, the effect on fracture healing could not be determined. A decrease in pin infections was seen in the Augment® group, a finding we could not explain.
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- Gunnarsson, Anna-Karin
(författare)
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Patients with Hip Fracture : Various aspects of patient safety
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of the thesis was to investigate whether patient safety can be improved for patients with hip fracture by nutritional intervention and by pharmacological treatment with cranberry concentrate. Another aim was to describe the patients’ experience of involvement in their care. The thesis includes results from four studies that include both quantitative and qualitative design. Studies I and II were intervention studies with a quasi-experimental design, with intervention and comparison groups. Study III was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with intervention and control groups. Study IV took a qualitative approach.Study I showed that when patients with hip fracture received nutritional supplementation according to nutritional guidelines, from admission until five days postoperatively, fewer patients developed pressure ulcers. Study II showed that it is possible to objectively evaluate a short-term nutritional intervention through the nutritional biochemical marker IGF-1, as it was affected by a five-day high-energy regimen. The randomised controlled trial, Study III, showed that a short-term treatment from admission until five days postoperatively with cranberry as capsules does not seem to be useful in preventing positive urine cultures in female patients with hip fracture and a urinary catheter. Finally, Study IV showed that patients with hip fracture reported experiencing very little involvement in their nursing care, to the extent that fundamental aspects of nursing care went unfulfilled. Patients did not feel valued by the nurses and unbearable pain that affected rehabilitation was reported. Positive interactions with nurses, however, did encourage patients to be more active.It is possible for every nurse to improve patient safety at bedside when caring for patients with hip fracture. Simply by increasing caloric/energy intake, it is possible to prevent pressure ulcers. It is also important to involve patients in nursing care, since the patients have experienced low or almost no involvement in care. Nurses need to see each patient as a whole person with different wishes and needs. However, certain prerequisites have to be in place to give nurses the opportunity to increase patient safety at bedside for patients with hip fracture.
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