| 1. |
- Bredberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Exhaled Endogenous Particles from Smokers and Non-Smokers Using Multivariate Analysis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Respiration. - : S. Karger AG. - 0025-7931 .- 1423-0356. ; 86:2, s. 135-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Smoking, along with many respiratory diseases, has been shown to induce airway inflammation and alter the composition of the respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF). We have previously shown that the phospholipid and protein composition of particles in exhaled air (PEx) reflects that of RTLF. In this study, we hypothesized that the composition of PEx differs between smokers and non-smokers, reflecting inflammation in the airways. Objective: It was the aim of this study to identify differences in the phospholipid composition of PEx from smokers and non-smokers. Methods: PEx from 12 smokers and 13 non-smokers was collected using a system developed in-house. PEx was analysed using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and the mass spectral data were evaluated using multivariate analysis. Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) was used to relate smoking status, lung function and pack years to the chemical composition of RTLF. The discriminating ions identified by OPLS were then used as explanatory variables in traditional regression analysis. Results: There was a clear discrimination between smokers and non-smokers according to the chemical composition, where phospholipids from smokers were protonated and sodiated to a larger extent. Poor lung function showed a strong association with higher response from all molecular phosphatidylcholine species in the samples. Furthermore, the accumulated amount of tobacco consumed was associated with variations in mass spectra, indicating a dose-response relationship. Conclusion: The chemical composition of PEx differs between smokers and nonsmokers, reflecting differences in the RTLF. The results from this study may suggest that the composition of RTLF is affected by smoking and may be of importance for lung function.
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| 2. |
- Bergstrand, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Nulägesanalys trädgård
- 2018
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Rapporten Nulägesanalys - trädgård har genomförts inom ramen för projektgruppen Insatsstyrka trädgård. Syftet med inventeringen har varit att ge svar på vem som jobbar med trädgårdsvetenskap, vilka forskargrupper och med vilka forskningsämnen, samt identifiera framtida arbetsfält inom ämnet trädgårdsvetenskap och därmed ge uppslag för framtida utveckling av forskningsfält, utbildning och samverkan. I detta ingår att kartlägga trädgårdsvetenskaplig forskning, utbildning och samverkan vid SLU. Nulägesanalysen förväntas därmed ge en grund för fortsatt strategiskt arbete med att utveckla ämnet trädgårdsvetenskap (Horticultural Science) utifrån inventerade resurser och förutsättningar.
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| 3. |
- Carlsen, Hanne Krage, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to traffic and lung function in adults: A general population cohort study
- 2015
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 5:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the association between living near dense traffic and lung function in a cohort of adults from a single urban region. Design: Cross-sectional results from a cohort study. Setting: The adult-onset asthma and exhaled nitric oxide (ADONIX) cohort, sampled during 2001-2008 in Gothenburg, Sweden. Exposure was expressed as the distance from participants' residential address to the nearest road with dense traffic (>10 000 vehicles per day) or very dense traffic (>30 000 vehicles per day). The exposure categories were: low (>500 m; reference), medium (75-500 m) or high (<75 m). Participants: The source population was a population-based cohort of adults (n=6153). The study population included 5441 participants of European descent with good quality spirometry and information about all outcomes and covariates. Outcome measures: Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) were measured at a clinical examination. The association with exposure was examined using linear regression adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, smoking status and education in all participants and stratified by sex, smoking status and respiratory health status. Results: We identified a significant dose-response trend between exposure category and FEV1 (p=0.03) and borderline significant trend for FVC (p=0.06) after adjusting for covariates. High exposure was associated with lower FEV1 (-1.0%, 95% CI -2.5% to 0.5%) and lower FVC (-0.9%, 95% CI -2.2% to 0.4%). The effect appeared to be stronger in women. In highly exposed individuals with current asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, FVC was lower (-4.5%, 95% CI -8.8% to -0.1%). Conclusions: High traffic exposure at the residential address was associated with lower than predicted FEV1 and FVC lung function compared with living further away in a large general population cohort. There were particular effects on women and individuals with obstructive disease.
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| 4. |
- Edvardsson, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Water level impact on pine seedlings in greenhouse conditions : assessing growth and survival potential in ditched and managed peatlands
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 39:3-4, s. 199-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tree establishment on peatlands has various adverse effects on the environment, with one of the most significant being their transformation from carbon sinks to carbon sources. This transformation has largely been instigated by economic-driven ditching initiatives. In this study, 80 peat-rooted pine seedlings were subjected to hydrological scenarios corresponding to natural, ditched, and rewetted conditions to investigate how different management strategies affect tree growth and survival. The study was conducted in a greenhouse where all plants were exposed to identical conditions except for the water level, and focused on factors like stomatal conductance, plant survival, length, biomass, and radial tree growth. Wet conditions, specifically treatments rewetted and natural, resulted in consistently lower stomatal conductance compared to drier treatments. Plant survival was affected, with 15 deaths in the rewetted and 2 in natural groups. Moreover, length, biomass, radial growth, and cell formation were significantly lower for the groups exposed to wet conditions. Rewetting can therefore effectively control tree colonisations, and thereby preventing water consumption, litter fertilisation, and other positive feedback effects for the trees that might be negative for the carbon uptake and biodiversity in peatlands. This study thereby offers valuable insights for rewetting initiatives in tree colonised peatland ecosystems.
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| 5. |
- Johnson, Toby, et al.
(författare)
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Blood Pressure Loci Identified with a Gene-Centric Array.
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1537-6605 .- 0002-9297. ; 89:6, s. 688-700
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Raised blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have identified 47 distinct genetic variants robustly associated with BP, but collectively these explain only a few percent of the heritability for BP phenotypes. To find additional BP loci, we used a bespoke gene-centric array to genotype an independent discovery sample of 25,118 individuals that combined hypertensive case-control and general population samples. We followed up four SNPs associated with BP at our p < 8.56× 10(-7) study-specific significance threshold and six suggestively associated SNPs in a further 59,349 individuals. We identified and replicated a SNP at LSP1/TNNT3, a SNP at MTHFR-NPPB independent (r(2) = 0.33) of previous reports, and replicated SNPs at AGT and ATP2B1 reported previously. An analysis of combined discovery and follow-up data identified SNPs significantly associated with BP at p < 8.56× 10(-7) at four further loci (NPR3, HFE, NOS3, and SOX6). The high number of discoveries made with modest genotyping effort can be attributed to using a large-scale yet targeted genotyping array and to the development of a weighting scheme that maximized power when meta-analyzing results from samples ascertained with extreme phenotypes, in combination with results from nonascertained or population samples. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and transcript expression data highlight potential gene regulatory mechanisms at the MTHFR and NOS3 loci. These results provide candidates for further study to help dissect mechanisms affecting BP and highlight the utility of studying SNPs and samples that are independent of those studied previously even when the sample size is smaller than that in previous studies.
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| 6. |
- Levinsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction effects of long-term air pollution exposure and variants in the GSTP1, GSTT1 and GSTCD genes on risk of acute myocardial infarction and hypertension : a case-control study
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:6, s. e99043-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Experimental and epidemiological studies have reported associations between air pollution exposure, in particular related to vehicle exhaust, and cardiovascular disease. A potential pathophysiological pathway is pollution-induced pulmonary oxidative stress, with secondary systemic inflammation. Genetic polymorphisms in genes implicated in oxidative stress, such as GSTP1, GSTT1 and GSTCD, may contribute to determining individual susceptibility to air pollution as a promoter of coronary vulnerability.AIMS: We aimed to investigate effects of long-term traffic-related air pollution exposure, as well as variants in GSTP1, GSTT1 and GSTCD, on risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and hypertension. In addition, we studied whether air pollution effects were modified by the investigated genetic variants.METHODS: Genotype data at 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GSTP1 gene, and one in each of the GSTT1 and GSTCD genes, as well as air pollution exposure estimates, were available for 119 AMI cases and 1310 randomly selected population controls. Population control individuals with systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg or on daily antihypertensive medication were defined as hypertensive (n = 468). Individual air pollution exposure levels were modeled as annual means of NO₂ (marker of vehicle exhaust pollutants) using central monitoring data and dispersion models, linking to participants' home addresses.RESULTS: Air pollution was significantly associated with risk of AMI: OR 1.78 (95%CI 1.04-3.03) per 10 µg/m³ of long-term NO₂ exposure. Three GSTP1 SNPs were significantly associated with hypertension. The effect of air pollution on risk of AMI varied by genotype strata, although the suggested interaction was not significant. We saw no obvious interaction between genetic variants in the GST genes and air pollution exposure for hypertension.CONCLUSION: Air pollution exposure entails an increased risk of AMI, and this risk differed over genotype strata for variants in the GSTP1, GSTT1 and GSTCD genes, albeit not statistically-significantly.
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| 7. |
- Levinsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with coronary heart disease and hypertension in the INTERGENE study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nitric oxide. - : Elsevier BV. - 1089-8603 .- 1089-8611. ; 39, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) exists in three distinct isoforms, each encoded by a specific gene: neuronal NOS (NOS1 gene), inducible NOS (NOS2 gene) and endothelial NOS (NOS3 gene). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NOS genes have been associated with cardiovascular pathology. We aimed to comprehensively investigate which NOS gene variants are most strongly associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and hypertension, using a set of tagging SNPs with good coverage across the 3 genes. Method and results: CHD cases (n = 560) and randomly selected population controls (n = 2791) were genotyped at 58 SNPs in the NOS genes. Control individuals with systolic blood pressure >= 140, diastolic blood pressure >= 90 or on antihypertensive medication were defined as hypertensive. A structured stepwise logistic regression approach was used to select the SNPs most strongly associated with CHD and hypertension. Method and results: NOS1 SNP rs3782218 showed the most consistent association with both phenotypes, odds ratio 0.59 (95% confidence interval 0.44-0.80) and 0.81 (0.67-0.97) per T-allele for CHD and hypertension respectively. For CHD, another NOS1 SNP (rs2682826) and a NOS3 SNP (rs1549758) also showed effect. For hypertension associations were seen for additional SNPs including NOS3 SNP rs3918226, previously associated with hypertension in genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. Conclusion: We found a previously unreported association between NOS1 SNP rs3782218 and both CHD and hypertension, and confirmed NOS1 as the most important NOS risk gene for CHD. In contrast, variants in all three NOS genes were seen to be associated with hypertension in the same source population. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Lund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Beskärningsårstider : Omdiskuterat ämne med skral forskningsbakgrund
- 2023
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Ingår i: Movium Fakta. - 2001-2357.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Beskärning är en nödvändighet i många urbana miljöer, men vad vet vi egentligen om vilken tidpunkt som är bäst för att beskära olika arter? I det här faktabladet sammanfattar vi forskningsläget, presenterar en ny studie och diskuterar vad resultaten av den innebär i praktiken.
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| 9. |
- Dellenmark-Blom, Maria, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Family screening for neurodevelopmental problems and its associations with child cognitive function enable tailored treatment for childhood obesity
- 2024
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Ingår i: ACTA PAEDIATRICA. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To identify neurodevelopmental disorders in children with obesity, and investigate associations to cognitive functions as well as parents' self-reported neurodevelopmental problems. Methods: Eighty children were included at two outpatient obesity clinics in Sweden 2018-2019. Of these, 50 children without previously diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders were screened, and so were their parents. Children who screened positive for neurodevelopmental problems were referred to a specialised psychiatry unit for further diagnosis. Test results of cognitive functioning were compared with the norm and between study groups by neurodevelopmental diagnoses. Results: Of the screened families, 17/50 children were diagnosed by the psychiatric unit with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 15/82 parents screened positive for neurodevelopmental problems. Having a mother who screened positive for neurodevelopmental problems was associated with child ADHD (p < 0.05). The children's full-scale intelligence quotient (92.86 +/- 12.01, p < 0.001) and working memory index (90.62 +/- 12.17, p < 0.001) were lower than the norm. Working memory index was lower in children with ADHD compared to without ADHD: 84.76 +/- 9.58 versus 94.09 +/- 12.29 (p <= 0.01). Executive constraints were associated with verbal deviances. Conclusion: Increased awareness is needed about the overlap between neurodevelopmental problems and obesity in obesity clinics.
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| 10. |
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