| 1. |
- Fagher, K., et al.
(författare)
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Preparing for snow-sport events at the Paralympic Games in Beijing in 2022 : recommendations and remaining questions
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. - : BMJ. - 2055-7647. ; 8:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the 2022 Winter Paralympic Games in Beijing, the Para snow-sport events will be held at high altitudes and in possibly cold conditions while also requiring adjustment to several time zones. Furthermore, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may lead to suboptimal preparations. Another concern is the high rate of injuries that have been reported in the Para alpine and snowboard events. In addition to these challenges, Para athletes various impairments may affect both sports-specific demands and athlete health. However, the group of Para snow-sport athletes is an understudied population. Accordingly, this perspective paper summarises current knowledge to consider when preparing for the Paralympic Games in Beijing and point out important unanswered questions. We here focus specifically on how sport-specific demands and impairment-related considerations are influenced by altitude acclimatisation, cold conditions, travel fatigue and jetlag, complications due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and injury prevention and sports safety considerations. As Para athletes with spinal cord injury, limb deficiency, cerebral palsy and visual impairment account for the majority of the Para snow-sport athletes, the focus is mainly on these impairment groups. In brief, we highlight the extra caution required to ensure athlete health, performance and sports safety among Para athletes participating in the snow-sport events in the 2022 Beijing Paralympic Games. Although there is an urgent need for more high-quality research focusing on Para winter athletes, we hope these non-consensus recommendations will help prepare for the 2022 Beijing Paralympic Winter Games.
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| 2. |
- Lexell, Eva M., et al.
(författare)
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Vocational situation and experiences from the work environment among individuals with neuromuscular diseases
- 2017
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Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 56:4, s. 519-530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Neuromuscular diseases (NMD) can affect the ability to be employed and to work, but there is limited knowledge of individuals' own perspectives of factors that are important for their vocational situation. OBJECTIVE: To explore the vocational situation among people with NMD that are employed, and to describe their experiences of how their disability, personal and environmental factors influence their ability to continue to work. METHODS: Nine participants with different NMD were included. A mixed-methods design was used, and data were collected by means of semi-structured and open-ended interviews, and ratings of aspects supporting or interfering with their work performance and the ability to continue to work. Data were analyzed with directed content analysis based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and with descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The participants' personal characteristics, support from others at work and at home, and a flexible work organization were perceived as important factors facilitating work continuation, whereas physically demanding work assignments and factors in the physical environment were perceived as barriers. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of how personal characteristics as well as support from the work organization, managers and family members can facilitate the ability to work is important for employers, staff within different parts of the health care system, and the social security system. Future research should focus on interventions that are best suited to enhance the vocational situation for individuals with NMD.
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| 3. |
- Lexell, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Fibre type composition of rabbit tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Anatomy. - 0021-8782 .- 1469-7580. ; 185:Pt 1, s. 95-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rabbit tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles are used extensively in studies of stimulation-induced fibre type transformation, but the proportions and sizes of the 2 main fibre types, and the way in which they are distributed within the muscles, have never been described in any detail. In this study, transverse sections were processed by enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques and assessed morphometrically. The data were analysed by multivariate methods. In both TA and EDL muscles, the proportion of type 1 fibres varied significantly, and to a similar extent, within a cross-section, from lateral to medial and from superficial to deep parts. The fibre density, an indirect estimate of the mean muscle fibre area, also varied significantly, but not systematically, within a cross-section. For the EDL muscle, the proportion of type 1 fibres was consistently higher in the distal than in the proximal part of the muscle. The proportion of type 1 fibres was also significantly higher in the EDL than in the TA muscle for each of the 6 rabbits. There was no systematic variation between muscles from left and right limbs. The type proportions and fibre densities for both TA and EDL muscles differed significantly between individual rabbits, but not between sexes. The study provides a database that has hitherto been lacking on normal fibre type composition and its variation within and between these experimentally important muscles.
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| 4. |
- Lexell, J., et al.
(författare)
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Vocational outcome 6–15 years after a traumatic brain injury
- 2016
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Ingår i: Brain Injury. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0269-9052 .- 1362-301X. ; 30:8, s. 969-974
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Primary objective: To describe vocational outcome 6–15 years after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) among individuals who were productive by working or studying at the time of their TBI and determine associations with variables related to the time of injury and at follow-up. Methods and procedures: Thirty-four individuals with a mild TBI and 45 with a moderate-to-severe TBI were assessed on average 10 years post-injury. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between their current vocational situation and variables related to the time of injury (gender, age, injury severity and educational level) and at follow-up (time since injury, marital status and overall disability). Results: A total of 67% were productive at follow-up. Age at injury, injury severity and the degree of disability at follow-up were strongly associated with being productive. Younger individuals with milder TBI and less severe disability were significantly more likely to be fully productive. No significant associations were found between productivity and gender, education, time since injury or marital status. Conclusions: This study indicates that return to productivity in a long-term perspective after a TBI is possible, in particular when the individual is young, has sustained a mild TBI and has a milder form of overall disability.
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| 7. |
- Jacobsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Sense of coherence and disability and the relationship with life satisfaction 6-15 years after traumatic brain injury in northern Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Neuropsychological Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0960-2011 .- 1464-0694. ; 21:3, s. 383-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the study was to assess sense of coherence (SOC) many years after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and explore the relationship between SOC and self-rated life satisfaction (LS) as well as measures of functioning and disability, sex, age at injury, injury severity and time post-injury. Sixty-six individuals (aged 18-65 years) who were 6-15 years post-injury were interviewed. Data on SOC (SOC-13 item scale), measures of functioning and disability (Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory, MPAI-4), LS (Satisfaction with Life Scale, SWLS), and sex, age at injury, injury severity and time post-injury were analysed with hierarchical multiple regression analyses. The results showed that SOC in the study group did not differ from the general population and was strongly associated with LS. Regression analyses revealed that emotional factors, social participation, SOC, and time since injury, were more influential than sex, age at injury, and injury severity in explaining LS. It was concluded that SOC in this group of individuals with TBI who were many years post-injury was similar to nondisabled individuals. SOC, together with emotional factors, social participation and injury-related factors, were determinants of LS. These results confirm that LS after TBI is a complex phenomenon dependent on several factors that are important targets for rehabilitation professionals.
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| 8. |
- Lexell, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Isokinetic torque and surface electromyography during fatiguing muscle contractions in young and older men and women
- 2006
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Ingår i: Isokinetics and exercise science. - 0959-3020 .- 1878-5913. ; 14:3, s. 225-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overall aim was to investigate the fatigue pattern and perceived fatigue during repetitive dynamic contractions in young and older men and women. Sixteen older men and women (mean age 73 ± 3 years) and 22 young men and women (mean age 28 ± 6 years) performed 100 repeated maximum concentric isokinetic knee extension contractions at 90°·s-1 (1.57 rad·s-1). Throughout the 100 contractions, peak torque (PT) and surface electromyography (EMG) signals from the rectus femoris muscle and the vastus lateralis muscle were recorded simultaneously, together with perceived fatigue (CR-10 scale of Borg). The mean frequency of the power spectrum (MNF) and the root mean square of the signal amplitude (RMS) of the EMG were affected by age and with a sex related difference but for PT the difference of the fatigue pattern was most evident between the sexes. In addition, the young men rated the highest fatigue. Based on EMG, PT and ratings of perceived fatigue it was concluded that the old men fatigued most, the old women fatigued least and the young men perceived greatest fatigue.
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| 9. |
- Lexell, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping the Mayo-Portland adaptability inventory to the international classification of functioning, disability and health
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1651-2081 .- 1650-1977. ; 44:1, s. 65-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the contents of the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI-4) by mapping it to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods: Each of the 30 scoreable items in the MPAI-4 was mapped to the most precise ICF categories. Results: All 30 items could be mapped to components and categories in the ICF. A total of 88 meaningful concepts were identified. There were, on average, 2.9 meaningful concepts per item, and 65% of all concepts could be mapped. Items in the Ability and Adjustment subscales mapped to categories in both the Body Functions and Activity/Participation components of the ICF, whereas all except 1 in the Participation subscale were to categories in the Activity/Participation component. The items could also be mapped to 34 (13%) of the 258 Environmental Factors in the ICF. Conclusion: This mapping provides better definition through more concrete examples (as listed in the ICF) of the types of body functions, activities, and participation indicators that are represented by the 30 scoreable MPAI-4 items. This may assist users throughout the world in understanding the intent of each item, and support further development and the possibility to report results in the form of an ICF categorical profile, making it universally interpretable.
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