| 1. |
- Andersson, Per A., et al.
(författare)
-
Anger and disgust shape judgments of social sanctions across cultures, especially in high individual autonomy societies
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Research. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When someone violates a social norm, others may think that some sanction would be appropriate. We examine how the experience of emotions like anger and disgust relate to the judged appropriateness of sanctions, in a pre-registered analysis of data from a large-scale study in 56 societies. Across the world, we find that individuals who experience anger and disgust over a norm violation are more likely to endorse confrontation, ostracism and, to a smaller extent, gossip. Moreover, we find that the experience of anger is consistently the strongest predictor of judgments of confrontation, compared to other emotions. Although the link between state-based emotions and judgments may seem universal, its strength varies across countries. Aligned with theoretical predictions, this link is stronger in societies, and among individuals, that place higher value on individual autonomy. Thus, autonomy values may increase the role that emotions play in guiding judgments of social sanctions.
|
|
| 2. |
- Duggan, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Two genome-wide association studies of aggressive prostate cancer implicate putative prostate tumor suppressor gene DAB2IP
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 99:24, s. 1836-1844
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The consistent finding of a genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer suggests that there are germline sequence variants predisposing individuals to this disease. These variants could be useful in screening and treatment. Methods: We performed an exploratory genome-wide association scan in 498 men with aggressive prostate cancer and 494 control subjects selected from a population-based case-control study in Sweden. We combined the results of this scan with those for aggressive prostate cancer from the publicly available Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) Study. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that showed statistically significant associations with the risk of aggressive prostate cancer based on two-sided allele tests were tested for their association with aggressive prostate cancer in two independent study populations composed of individuals of European or African American descent using one-sided tests and the genetic model (dominant or additive) associated with the lowest value in the exploratory study. Results: Among the approximately 60000 SNPs that were common to our study and CGEMS, we identified seven that had a similar (positive or negative) and statistically significant (P<.01) association with the risk of aggressive prostate cancer in both studies. Analysis of the distribution of these SNPs among 1032 prostate cancer patients and 571 control subjects of European descent indicated that one, rs1571801, located in the DAB2IP gene, which encodes a novel Ras GTPase-activating protein and putative prostate tumor suppressor, was associated with aggressive prostate cancer (one-sided P value =. 004). The association was also statistically significant in an African American study population that included 210 prostate cancer patients and 346 control subjects (one-sided P value =. 02). Conclusion: A genetic variant in DAB2IP may be associated with the risk of aggressive prostate cancer and should be evaluated further.
|
|
| 3. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, et al.
(författare)
-
Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Research. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Norm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors. Our findings highlight both cultural universals and cultural variation. We find a universal negative relation between appropriateness ratings of norm violations and appropriateness ratings of responses in the form of confrontation, social ostracism and gossip. Moreover, we find the country variation in the appropriateness of sanctions to be consistent across different norm violations but not across different sanctions. Specifically, in those countries where use of physical confrontation and social ostracism is rated as less appropriate, gossip is rated as more appropriate. Little is known about peoples preferred responses to norm violations across countries. Here, in a study of 57 countries, the authors highlight cultural similarities and differences in peoples perception of the appropriateness of norm violations.
|
|
| 4. |
- Yan, Jinyue, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Preface
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1876-6102. ; 154, s. 1-2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 5. |
- Sun, J L, et al.
(författare)
-
Sequence variants in toll-like receptor gene cluster (TLR6-TLR1-TLR10) and prostate cancer risk
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Human Genom, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Umea Univ, Dept Radiat Sci & Oncol, Umea, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. Orebro Univ Hosp, Dept Urol & Clin Med, Orebro, Sweden. Univ Uppsala Hosp, Reg Oncol Ctr, Uppsala, Sweden. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD USA. : OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 97:7, s. 525-532
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Chronic inflammation plays an important role in several human cancers and may be involved in the etiology of prostate cancer. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important in the innate immune response to pathogens and in cross-talk between innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Our previous finding of an association of TLR4 gene sequence variants and prostate cancer risk provides evidence for a role of TLRs in prostate cancer. In this study, we investigated whether sequence variants in the TLR6-TLR1-TLR10 gene cluster, residing within a 54-kb region on 4p14, were associated with prostate cancer risk. Methods: We selected 32 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering these three genes and genotyped these SNPs in 96 control subjects from the Cancer Prostate in Sweden (CAPS) population-based prostate cancer case-control study. Five distinct haplotype blocks were inferred at this region, and we identified 17 haplotype-tagging SNPs (htSNPs) that could uniquely describe < 95% of the haplotypes. These 17 htSNPs were then genotyped in the entire CAPS study population (1383 case subjects and 780 control subjects). Odds ratios of prostate cancer for the carriers of a variant allele versus those with the wild-type allele were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. Results: The allele frequencies of 11 of the 17 SNPs were statistically significantly different between case and control subjects (P = .04-.001), with odds ratios for variant allele carriers (homozygous or heterozygous) compared with wild-type allele carriers ranging from 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00 to 1.43) to 1.38 (95% CI = 1.12 to 1.70). Phylogenetic tree analyses of common haplotypes identified a clade of two evolutionarily related haplotypes that are statistically significantly associated with prostate cancer risk. These two haplotypes contain all the risk alleles of these 11 associated SNPs. Conclusion: The observed multiple associated SNPs at the TLR6-TLR1-TLR10 gene cluster were dependent and suggest the presence of a founder prostate cancer risk variant on this haplotype background. The TLR6-TLR1-TLR10 gene cluster may play a role in prostate cancer risk, although further functional studies are needed to pinpoint the disease-associated variants in this gene cluster.
|
|
| 6. |
- Zhang, Q., et al.
(författare)
-
Comparative evaluation and policy analysis for recycling retired EV batteries with different collection modes
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 303
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the rapid adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs), numerous lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are reaching retirement age, leading to increasing concerns about the sustainable industrial development. To promote the recycling of LIBs, a reward-penalty mechanism is proposed in this work and analyzed by using the Stackelberg game theory. Six collection modes are considered and compared, including the collection activities undertaken by different stakeholders, i.e. the EV manufacturer, the EV retailer, the third-party enterprise, and the pairwise partners of them. The results show that: (i) a partnership between the manufacturer and retailer can achieve the highest actual collection rate and the total welfare; (ii) although increasing the reward-penalty intensity can contribute to higher collection rates, the total welfare can still fall, due to the negative influences of policy expenditure and implementation cost; (iii) the impact of raising the collection rate target is similar to the reward-penalty intensity, which can first promote and then restrain the growth of total welfare, and the drop is mainly due to the negative influences of corporate profits and implementation cost.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Andrighetto, Giulia, et al.
(författare)
-
Changes in social norms during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic across 43 countries
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2041-1723. ; 15:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emergence of COVID-19 dramatically changed social behavior across societies and contexts. Here we study whether social norms also changed. Specifically, we study this question for cultural tightness (the degree to which societies generally have strong norms), specific social norms (e.g. stealing, hand washing), and norms about enforcement, using survey data from 30,431 respondents in 43 countries recorded before and in the early stages following the emergence of COVID-19. Using variation in disease intensity, we shed light on the mechanisms predicting changes in social norm measures. We find evidence that, after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, hand washing norms increased while tightness and punishing frequency slightly decreased but observe no evidence for a robust change in most other norms. Thus, at least in the short term, our findings suggest that cultures are largely stable to pandemic threats except in those norms, hand washing in this case, that are perceived to be directly relevant to dealing with the collective threat. Tightness-looseness theory predicts that social norms strengthen following threat. Here the authors test this and find that, after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, hand washing norms increased, but no evidence was observed for a robust change in most other norms.
|
|
| 9. |
- Feng, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Carbon Emission Prediction and the Reduction Pathway in Industrial Parks : A Scenario Analysis Based on the Integration of the LEAP Model with LMDI Decomposition
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Energies. - : Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). - 1996-1073. ; 16:21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global climate change imposes significant challenges on the ecological environment and human sustainability. Industrial parks, in line with the national climate change mitigation strategy, are key targets for low-carbon revolution within the industrial sector. To predict the carbon emission of industrial parks and formulate the strategic path of emission reduction, this paper amalgamates the benefits of the “top-down” and “bottom-up” prediction methodologies, incorporating the logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) decomposition method and long-range energy alternatives planning (LEAP) model, and integrates the Tapio decoupling theory to predict the carbon emissions of an industrial park cluster of an economic development zone in Yancheng from 2020 to 2035 under baseline (BAS) and low-carbon scenarios (LC1, LC2, and LC3). The findings suggest that, in comparison to the BAS scenario, the carbon emissions in the LC1, LC2, and LC3 scenarios decreased by 30.4%, 38.4%, and 46.2%, respectively, with LC3 being the most suitable pathway for the park’s development. Finally, the paper explores carbon emission sources, and analyzes emission reduction potential and optimization measures of the energy structure, thus providing a reference for the formulation of emission reduction strategies for industrial parks.
|
|
| 10. |
- Jiang, M., et al.
(författare)
-
National level assessment of using existing airport infrastructures for photovoltaic deployment
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 298
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The airport is one of the most fundamental infrastructures in our society, its terminal buildings and parking lots are ideal locations for photovoltaic (PV) installation. The future trend of the electrification of the aviation and automobile industries will increase the electricity demand at airports calls for the integration of PV systems with airport infrastructure. Understanding the benefits of airport PV systems is crucial for the stakeholders including investors, project developers and policymakers to promote PV sector development. Thus, evaluation of the PV potential and relevant economic performance of airports is essential. Combined with the geographic information system (GIS), the PV potential of the civil airports in China is investigated. The results show that potential PV capacity of China's 239 civil airports reaches up to 2.50 GW. The annual electricity demand of the aviation industry in 8 provinces can be self-satisfied via airport PV generation. Detailed economic analysis shows that all airport PV systems are profitable through appropriate investment and operation strategies. © 2021
|
|
