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- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(author)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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In: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 2. |
- Hsu, N. -Y, et al.
(author)
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Predicted risk of childhood allergy, asthma, and reported symptoms using measured phthalate exposure in dust and urine
- 2012
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In: Indoor Air. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0905-6947 .- 1600-0668. ; 22:3, s. 186-199
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The associated risk of phthalate exposure, both parent compounds in the home and their metabolites in urine, to childhood allergic and respiratory morbidity, after adjusting for exposures of indoor pollutants, especially bioaerosols, was comprehensively assessed. Levels of five phthalates in settled dust from the homes of 101 children (39 years old) were measured, along with their corresponding urinary metabolites. Other environmental risk factors, including indoor CO2, PM2.5, formaldehyde, 1,3-beta-d-glucan, endotoxin, allergen and fungal levels, were concomitantly examined. Subjects health status was verified by pediatricians, and parents recorded observed daily symptoms of their children for the week that the home investigation visit took place. Significantly increased level of benzylbutyl phthalate, in settled dust, was associated with test case subjects (allergic or asthmatic children). Higher levels of dibutyl phthalate and its metabolites, mono-n-butyl phthalate, and mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate were found to be the potential risk factors for the health outcomes of interest. Similarly, indoor fungal exposure remained a significant risk factor, especially for reported respiratory symptoms. The relative contribution from exposure to phthalates and indoor biocontaminants in childhood allergic and respiratory morbidity is, for the first time, quantitatively assessed and characterized. Practical Implications For asthmatic and allergic children living in subtropical and highly developed environments like homes in Taiwan, controlling environmental exposure of phthalates may be viewed as equally important as avoiding indoor microbial burdens, for the management of allergy-related diseases. It is also recognized that multidisciplinary efforts will be critical in realizing the true underlying mechanisms associated with these observations.
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| 5. |
- Gallo-Cajiao, Eduardo, et al.
(author)
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Implications of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine for the governance of biodiversity conservation
- 2023
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In: Frontiers in Conservation Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2673-611X. ; 4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Maintaining peace and conserving biodiversity hinge on an international system of cooperation codified in institutions, but Russia’s invasion of Ukraine brings recent progress to a crossroads. Against this backdrop, we address some implications of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine for the governance of biodiversity conservation both within and beyond Russia. The Russian invasion of Ukraine threatens the governance system for biodiversity conservation, as it pertains to Russia and beyond, due to three interacting factors: (i) isolation of Russia from the international system, (ii) halt and delay of international cooperation, and (iii) changes in international and domestic policy priorities. We recommend making the existing international system of governance for conserving biodiversity more resilient and adaptable, while aligning security agendas with biodiversity conservation goals.
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| 6. |
- Iwaya, Leonardo H, et al.
(author)
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E-Consent for Data Privacy : Consent Management for Mobile Health Technologies in Public Health Surveys and Disease Surveillance
- 2019
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In: MEDINFO 2019. - : IOS Press. - 9781643680026 - 9781643680033 ; , s. 1223-1227
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Community health workers in primary care programs increasingly use Mobile Health Data Collection Systems (MDCSs) to report their activities and conduct health surveys, replacing paper-based approaches. The mHealth systems are inherently privacy invasive, thus informing individuals and obtaining their consent is important to protect their rights to privacy. In this paper, we introduce an e-Consent tool tailored for MDCSs. It is developed based on the requirement analysis of consent management for data privacy and built upon the solutions of Participant-Centered Consent toolkit and Consent Receipt specification. The e-Consent solution has been evaluated in a usability study. The study results show that the design is useful for informing individuals on the nature of data processing, allowing them to make informed decisions.
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| 7. |
- Lu, Jun, et al.
(author)
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Stacking fault energies in austenitic stainless steels
- 2016
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In: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 111, s. 39-46
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We measure the stacking fault energy of a set of 20 at% Cr-austenitic stainless steels by means of transmission electron microscopy using the weak beam dark field imaging technique and the isolated dislocations method. The measurements are analyzed together with first principles calculations. The results show that experiment and theory agree very well for the investigated concentration range of Mn (0-8%) and Ni (11-30%). The calculations show that simultaneous relaxation of atomic and spin degrees of freedom is important in order to find the global energy minimum for these materials. Our results clearly show the great potential of the weak beam dark field technique to obtain accurate measurements of the stacking fault energy of austenitic steels and that the reliable predictability of first principles calculations can be used to design new steels with optimized mechanical properties.
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