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| 2. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 3. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Ninth Visual Object Tracking VOT2021 Challenge Results
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW 2021). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781665401913 ; , s. 2711-2738
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2021 is the ninth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 71 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in recent years. The VOT2021 challenge was composed of four sub-challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2021 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2021 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2021 focused on long-term tracking, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance and (iv) VOT-RGBD2021 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2021 dataset was refreshed, while VOT-RGBD2021 introduces a training dataset and sequestered dataset for winner identification. The source code for most of the trackers, the datasets, the evaluation kit and the results along with the source code for most trackers are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 4. |
- Liu, Tao, et al.
(författare)
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16% efficiency all-polymer organic solar cells enabled by a finely tuned morphology via the design of ternary blend
- 2021
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Ingår i: Joule. - : CELL PRESS. - 2542-4351. ; 5:4, s. 914-930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A SUMMARY There is an urgent demand for all-polymer organic solar cells (AP-OSCs) to gain higher efficiency. Here, we successfully improve the performance to 16.09% by introducing a small amount of BN-T, a B <- N-type polymer acceptor, into the PM6:PY-IT blend. It has been found that BN-T makes the active layer, based on the PM6:PY-IT:BN-T ternary blend, more crystalline but meanwhile slightly reduces the phase separation, leading to enhancement of both exciton harvesting and charge transport. From a thermodynamic viewpoint, BN-T prefers to reside between PM6 and PY-IT, and the fraction of this fine-tunes the morphology. Besides, a significantly reduced nonradiative energy loss occurs in the ternary blend, along with the coexistence of energy and charge transfer between the two acceptors. The progressive performance facilitated by these improved properties demonstrates that AP-OSCs can possibly comparably efficient with those based on small molecule acceptors, further enhancing the competitiveness of this device type.
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| 5. |
- Liu, Jianhua, et al.
(författare)
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Differential space-code modulation for interference suppression
- 2001
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1053-587X .- 1941-0476. ; 49:8, s. 1786-1795
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Space-time coding has been receiving much attention due to its potentials offered by fully exploiting the spatial and temporal diversities of multiple transmit and receive antennas. A differential space-time modulation (DSTM) scheme was previously proposed for demodulation without channel state information, which is attractive in fast fading channels where accurate channel estimates are difficult to obtain. However, this technique is sensitive to interference and is likely to deteriorate or even break down in a wireless environment, where interference (including intentional and unintentional jamming) signals exist. We propose a new coding and modulation scheme, referred to as the differential space-code modulation (DSCM), which is interference resistant. Our focus is on single-user communications. We show that DSCM outperforms DSTM significantly when interference is present. This advantage is achieved at the cost of a lower data rate or a wider bandwidth or a combination of both. To alleviate this problem, a high-rate DSCM (HR-DSCM) scheme is also presented, which increases the data rate considerably at the cost of a slightly higher bit-error rate (BER), while still maintaining the interference suppression capability.
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| 6. |
- Liu, Jianhua, et al.
(författare)
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High-rate differential space-code modulation for interference suppression
- 2001
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Ingår i: 2001 IEEE Third Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC'01). Workshop Proceedings. - 0780367200 ; , s. 283-286
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Space-time coding has been receiving much research attention recently due to the potential offered by fully exploiting spatial and temporal diversity. A differential space-time modulation (DSTM) scheme was recently proposed to perform demodulation without channel state information, which is attractive in fast fading channels where accurate channel estimates are difficult to obtain. More recently, a differential space-code modulation (DSCM) scheme, which is an improvement of DSTM for combating interference (including intentional and unintentional jamming) signals, was proposed. DSCM significantly outperforms DSTM when interference is present. This advantage, however, is achieved at the cost of a lower transmission rate, a wider bandwidth, or a combination of both. To alleviate this problem, we extend DSCM to a so-called high-rate DSCM (HR-DSCM) scheme, which increases the data rate considerably at the cost of a slightly higher bit error rate, while still maintaining the interference suppression capability.
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| 7. |
- Xiong, Shaobing, et al.
(författare)
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Additive-Induced Synergies of Defect Passivation and Energetic Modification toward Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advanced Energy Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 11:29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Defect passivation via additive and energetic modification via interface engineering are two effective strategies for achieving high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, the synergies of pentafluorophenyl acrylate when used as additive, in which it not only passivates surface defect states but also simultaneously modifies the energetics at the perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD interface to promote charge transport, are shown. The additive-induced synergy effect significantly suppresses both defect-assisted recombination and interface carrier recombination, resulting in a device efficiency of 22.42% and an open-circuit voltage of 1.193 V with excellent device stability. The two photovoltaic parameters are among the highest values for polycrystalline CsFormamidinium/Methylammonium (FAMA)/FAMA based n-i-p structural PSCs using low-cost silver electrodes reported to date. The findings provide a promising approach by choosing the dual functional additive to enhance efficiency and stability of PSCs.
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| 8. |
- Yuan, Shichen, et al.
(författare)
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Balancing Charge Injection via a Tailor-Made Electron-Transporting Material for High Performance Blue Perovskite QLEDs
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Energy Letters. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2380-8195. ; 8:1, s. 818-826
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the great challenges in perovskite quantum dot light-emitting diodes (Pe-QLEDs) is the unbalanced charge injection that significantly hinders the device performance and stability. Herein, we tailor-made a high mobility electron-transporting material (ETM), named B2, to balance the carrier injection in blue Pe-QLEDs. B2 with a tailored asymmetric anthracenyl structure exhibits a promising electron mobility of 2.7 x 10(-4) cm(2)center dot V-1 center dot s(-1), which is almost 20 times higher than the commonly used ETM-TPBi (1.1 x 10(-5) cm(2)center dot V-1 center dot s(-1)). Subsequently, sky blue (490 nm) Pe-QLED with B2 as the ETM presented a remarkably high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 13.17% and a low turn-on voltage of 2.2 V, which is much better than that of the TPBi-based device (EQE of 8.31% and Vturn-on of 3.2 V). In addition, B2 also demonstrated a universal application in green and deep blue Pe-QLEDs. This work provides an important guidance to rational design of high electron mobility ETMs for high-performance LEDs.
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| 9. |
- Feng, Kui, et al.
(författare)
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Fused Bithiophene Imide Dimer-Based n-Type Polymers for High-Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors
- 2021
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 60:45, s. 24198-24205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of n-type organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) lags far behind their p-type counterparts. In order to address this dilemma, we report here two new fused bithiophene imide dimer (f-BTI2)-based n-type polymers with a branched methyl end-capped glycol side chain, which exhibit good solubility, low-lying LUMO energy levels, favorable polymer chain orientation, and efficient ion transport property, thus yielding a remarkable OECT electron mobility (mu(e)) of up to approximate to 10(-2) cm(2) V-1 s(-1) and volumetric capacitance (C*) as high as 443 F cm(-3), simultaneously. As a result, the f-BTI2TEG-FT-based OECTs deliver a record-high maximum geometry-normalized transconductance of 4.60 S cm(-1) and a maximum mu C* product of 15.2 F cm(-1) V-1 s(-1). The mu C* figure of merit is more than one order of magnitude higher than that of the state-of-the-art n-type OECTs. The emergence of f-BTI2TEG-FT brings a new paradigm for developing high-performance n-type polymers for low-power OECT applications.
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| 10. |
- Liu, Jianhua, et al.
(författare)
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Differential space-time block code modulation for DS-CDMA systems
- 2002
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Ingår i: EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing. - 1687-6172 .- 1687-6180. ; :3, s. 289-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A differential space-time block code (DSTBC) modulation scheme is used to improve the performance of DS-CDMA systems in fast time-dispersive fading channels. The resulting scheme is referred to as the differential space-time block code modulation for DS-CDMA (DSTBC-CDMA) systems. The new modulation and demodulation schemes are especially studied for the down-link transmission of DS-CDMA systems. We present three demodulation schemes, referred to as the differential space-time block code Rake (D-Rake) receiver, differential space-time block code deterministic (D-Det) receiver, and differential space-time block code deterministic de-prefix (D-Det-DP) receiver, respectively. The D-Det receiver exploits the known information of the spreading sequences and their delayed paths deterministically besides the Rake type combination; consequently, it can outperform the D-Rake receiver, which employs the Rake type combination only. The D-Det-DP receiver avoids the effect of intersymbol interference and hence can offer better performance than the D-Det receiver.
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