| 1. |
- Pecunia, Vincenzo, et al.
(författare)
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Roadmap on energy harvesting materials
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 2515-7639. ; 6:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ambient energy harvesting has great potential to contribute to sustainable development and address growing environmental challenges. Converting waste energy from energy-intensive processes and systems (e.g. combustion engines and furnaces) is crucial to reducing their environmental impact and achieving net-zero emissions. Compact energy harvesters will also be key to powering the exponentially growing smart devices ecosystem that is part of the Internet of Things, thus enabling futuristic applications that can improve our quality of life (e.g. smart homes, smart cities, smart manufacturing, and smart healthcare). To achieve these goals, innovative materials are needed to efficiently convert ambient energy into electricity through various physical mechanisms, such as the photovoltaic effect, thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, and radiofrequency wireless power transfer. By bringing together the perspectives of experts in various types of energy harvesting materials, this Roadmap provides extensive insights into recent advances and present challenges in the field. Additionally, the Roadmap analyses the key performance metrics of these technologies in relation to their ultimate energy conversion limits. Building on these insights, the Roadmap outlines promising directions for future research to fully harness the potential of energy harvesting materials for green energy anytime, anywhere.
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| 2. |
- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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| 3. |
- Fu, Ruirui, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide analyses of introgression between two sympatric Asian oak species
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Ecology & Evolution. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-334X. ; 6:7, s. 924-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introgression can be an important source of new alleles for adaption under rapidly changing environments, perhaps even more important than standing variation. Though introgression has been extensively studied in many plants and animals, key questions on the underlying mechanisms of introgression still remain unanswered. In particular, we are yet to determine the genomic distribution of introgressed regions along the genome; whether the extent and patterns of introgression are influenced by ecological factors; and when and how introgression contributes to adaptation. Here, we generated high-quality genomic resources for two sympatric widespread Asian oak species, Quercus acutissima and Q. variabilis, sampled in multiple forests to study introgression between them. We show that introgressed regions are broadly distributed across the genome. Introgression was affected by genetic divergence between pairs of populations and by the similarity of the environments in which they live-populations occupying similar ecological sites tended to share the same introgressed regions. Introgressed genomic footprints of adaptation were preferentially located in regions with suppressed recombination rate. Introgression probably confers adaptation in these oak populations by introducing allelic variation in cis-regulatory elements, in particular through transposable element insertions, thereby altering the regulation of genes related to stress. Our results provide new avenues of research for uncovering mechanisms of adaptation due to hybridization in sympatric species. Introgression is an important source of genetic variation. Analysing genomes of two sympatric widespread Asian oak species, the authors find introgression across the genome and signatures of adaptive introgression in regions with suppressed recombination rate.
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| 4. |
- Xu, Chun Kai, et al.
(författare)
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Nonlinear inelastic electron scattering revealed by plasmon-enhanced electron energy-loss spectroscopy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Physics. - 1745-2473 .- 1745-2481. ; 10:10, s. 753-757
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electron energy-loss spectroscopy is a powerful tool for identifying the chemical composition of materials(1-5). It relies mostly on the measurement of inelastic electrons, which carry specific atomic or molecular information. Inelastic electron scattering, however, has a very low intensity, often orders of magnitude weaker than that of elastically scattered electrons. Here, we report the observation of enhanced inelastic electron scattering from silver nanostructures, the intensity of which can reach up to 60% of its elastic counterpart. A home-made scanning probe electron energy-loss spectrometer(6) was used to produce highly localized plasmonic excitations, significantly enhancing the strength of the local electric field of silver nanostructures. The intensity of inelastic electron scattering was found to increase nonlinearly with respect to the electric field generated by the tip-sample bias, providing direct evidence of nonlinear electron scattering processes.
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| 5. |
- Zhu, Shanshan, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic insights on the contribution of balancing selection and local adaptation to the long-term survival of a widespread living fossil tree,Cercidiphyllum japonicum
- 2020
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : WILEY. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 228:5, s. 1674-1689
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 'Living fossils' are testimonies of long-term sustained ecological success, but how demographic history and natural selection contributed to their survival, resilience, and persistence in the face of Quaternary climate fluctuations remains unclear. To better understand the interplay between demographic history and selection in shaping genomic diversity and evolution of such organisms, we assembled the whole genome ofCercidiphyllum japonicum, a widespread East Asian Tertiary relict tree, and resequenced 99 individuals ofC. japonicumand its sister species,Cercidiphyllum magnificum(Central Japan). We dated this speciation event to the mid-Miocene, and the intraspecific lineage divergence ofC. japonicum(China vs Japan) to the Early Pliocene. Throughout climatic upheavals of the late Tertiary/Quaternary, population bottlenecks greatly reduced the genetic diversity ofC. japonicum. However, this polymorphism loss was likely counteracted by, first, long-term balancing selection at multiple chromosomal and heterozygous gene regions, potentially reflecting overdominance, and, second, selective sweeps at stress response and growth-related genes likely involved in local adaptation. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of how living fossils have survived climatic upheaval and maintained an extensive geographic range; that is, both types of selection could be major factors contributing to the species' survival, resilience, and persistence.
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| 6. |
- Chen, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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A self-healing elastomer based on an intrinsic non-covalent cross-linking mechanism
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7488. ; 7:25, s. 15207-15214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synthesis and comprehensive examination of a polyurethane (urea) elastomer that self-heals based on intrinsic dynamic non-covalent bonds (van der Waals and hydrogen) are reported. The dynamic non-covalent bonds include hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. The difference in the previous approach in which hydrogen bond self-healing materials introduced dense quadruple hydrogen bonds at the ends or branched chains poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) diol was used as the soft segment of the polyurethane (urea) material, and strong van der Waals forces were provided by the large number of carbonyl groups in its main chain; hydrogen bonds were formed by urethane bonds, urea bonds, and the carbonyl groups on PPC. The mechanical properties and healing efficiency of the self-healing polyurethane (urea) elastomer were studied. In situtemperature-dependent infrared and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LNMR) measurements were combined with molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the self-healing mechanisms. The results of the studies on the self-healing polyurethane demonstrate that the dynamic cross-linking between hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces is the basic driving force for the self-healing ability of the material, and temperature is the key factor that affects hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. The effect of crystallization on the self-healing ability of the material was also studied. The molecular dynamics simulation results also demonstrate interplay between van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds at different temperatures.
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| 7. |
- Chen, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative validation of GlobeLand30 : Methodology and practices
- 2021
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Ingår i: GEO-SPATIAL INFORMATION SCIENCE. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 1009-5020 .- 1993-5153. ; 24:1, s. 134-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 30-m Global Land Cover (GLC) data products permit the detection of land cover changes at the scale of most human land activities, and are therefore used as fundamental information for sustainable development, environmental change studies, and many other societal benefit areas. In the past few years, increasing efforts have been devoted to the accuracy assessment of GlobeLand30 and other finer-resolution GLC data products. However, most of them were conducted either within a limited percentage of map sheets selected from a global scale or in some individual countries (areas), and there are still many areas where the uncertainty of 30-m resolution GLC data products remains to be validated and documented. In order to promote a comprehensive and collaborative validation of 30-m GLC data products, the GEO Global Land Cover Community Activity had organized a project from 2015 to 2017, to examine and explore its major problems, including the lack of international agreed validation guidelines and on-line tools for facilitating collaborative validation activities. With the joint effort of experts and users from 30 GEO member countries or participating organizations, a technical specification for 30-m GLC validation was developed based on the findings and experiences. An on-line validation tool, GLCVal, was developed by integrating land cover validation procedures with the service computing technologies. About 20 countries (regions) have completed the accuracy assessment of GlobeLand30 for their territories with the guidance of the technical specification and the support of GLCVal.
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| 8. |
- Chen, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic data provide new insights on the demographic history and the extent of recent material transfers in Norway spruce
- 2019
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Ingår i: Evolutionary Applications. - : WILEY. - 1752-4571. ; 12:8, s. 1539-1551
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Primeval forests are today exceedingly rare in Europe, and transfer of forest reproductive material for afforestation and improvement has been very common, especially over the last two centuries. This can be a serious impediment when inferring past population movements in response to past climate changes such as the last glacial maximum (LGM), some 18,000 years ago. In the present study, we genotyped 1,672 individuals from three Picea species (P. abies, P. obovata, and P. omorika) at 400K SNPs using exome capture to infer the past demographic history of Norway spruce (P. abies) and estimate the amount of recent introduction used to establish the Norway spruce breeding program in southern Sweden. Most of these trees belong to P. abies and originate from the base populations of the Swedish breeding program. Others originate from populations across the natural ranges of the three species. Of the 1,499 individuals stemming from the breeding program, a large proportion corresponds to recent introductions from mainland Europe. The split of P. omorika occurred 23 million years ago (mya), while the divergence between P. obovata and P. abies began 17.6 mya. Demographic inferences retrieved the same main clusters within P. abies than previous studies, that is, a vast northern domain ranging from Norway to central Russia, where the species is progressively replaced by Siberian spruce (P. obovata) and two smaller domains, an Alpine domain and a Carpathian one, but also revealed further subdivision and gene flow among clusters. The three main domains divergence was ancient (15 mya), and all three went through a bottleneck corresponding to the LGM. Approximately 17% of P. abies Nordic domain migrated from P. obovata ~103K years ago, when both species had much larger effective population sizes. Our analysis of genomewide polymorphism data thus revealed the complex demographic history of Picea genus in Western Europe and highlighted the importance of material transfer in Swedish breeding program.
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| 9. |
- Chen, Zhi-Qiang, et al.
(författare)
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Leveraging breeding programs and genomic data in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) for GWAS analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Genome Biology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identify loci underlying the variation of complex traits. One of the main limitations of GWAS is the availability of reliable phenotypic data, particularly for long-lived tree species. Although an extensive amount of phenotypic data already exists in breeding programs, accounting for its high heterogeneity is a great challenge. We combine spatial and factor-analytics analyses to standardize the heterogeneous data from 120 field experiments of 483,424 progenies of Norway spruce to implement the largest reported GWAS for trees using 134 605 SNPs from exome sequencing of 5056 parental trees.Results: We identify 55 novel quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that are associated with phenotypic variation. The largest number of QTLs is associated with the budburst stage, followed by diameter at breast height, wood quality, and frost damage. Two QTLs with the largest effect have a pleiotropic effect for budburst stage, frost damage, and diameter and are associated with MAP3K genes. Genotype data called from exome capture, recently developed SNP array and gene expression data indirectly support this discovery.Conclusion: Several important QTLs associated with growth and frost damage have been verified in several southern and northern progeny plantations, indicating that these loci can be used in QTL-assisted genomic selection. Our study also demonstrates that existing heterogeneous phenotypic data from breeding programs, collected over several decades, is an important source for GWAS and that such integration into GWAS should be a major area of inquiry in the future.
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| 10. |
- Jun, Chen, et al.
(författare)
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A Novel Acceleration Data Compression Scheme for Wireless Sensor Network Application in Fresh Food Tracking System
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Ninth International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments ICEMI’2009. - : IEEE Press. - 9781424438631 ; , s. 3-1-3-5
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An enhanced dual-layer wide area wireless sensor network (WSN) system was developed and applied in fresh food tracking application. The sensor nodes of WSN provide a set of useful measurements about the environmental conditions during the fresh food transportation. Since the 3-axis acceleration data in such application account for more than 99% out of all collected source data, we propose a novel acceleration data compression scheme for this specific application, to overcome the resource and cost limitation imposed on embedded sensing nodes and wireless communication links in WSN. According to general fresh food transport behavior pattern, the acceleration data can be extracted into three components (D waveform, A waveform and P waveform). Each component could be compressed separately according to its distinct characteristic and then packetized as an encoded frame. In this paper we examine the experimental acceleration dataset from a field test (fresh melon fruit transport from Brazil to Sweden in 20 days) as a test case. Experimental results show that a high compression ratio (around 10:1) with the acceptable distortion could be achieved, confirming the effectiveness of the compression scheme proposed in this work.
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