| 1. |
- Andersson, Per A., et al.
(författare)
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Anger and disgust shape judgments of social sanctions across cultures, especially in high individual autonomy societies
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Research. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When someone violates a social norm, others may think that some sanction would be appropriate. We examine how the experience of emotions like anger and disgust relate to the judged appropriateness of sanctions, in a pre-registered analysis of data from a large-scale study in 56 societies. Across the world, we find that individuals who experience anger and disgust over a norm violation are more likely to endorse confrontation, ostracism and, to a smaller extent, gossip. Moreover, we find that the experience of anger is consistently the strongest predictor of judgments of confrontation, compared to other emotions. Although the link between state-based emotions and judgments may seem universal, its strength varies across countries. Aligned with theoretical predictions, this link is stronger in societies, and among individuals, that place higher value on individual autonomy. Thus, autonomy values may increase the role that emotions play in guiding judgments of social sanctions.
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| 2. |
- Sun, J L, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions of sequence variants in interieukin-1 receptor-associated kinase4 and the Toll-like receptor 6-1-10 gene cluster increase prostate cancer risk
- 2006
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Human Genom, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Umea Univ, Dept Radiat Sci, Umea, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Hosp Uppsala, Reg Oncol Ctr, Uppsala, Sweden. Orebro Univ Hosp, Dept Urol & Clin Med, Orebro, Sweden. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD USA. : AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 15:3, s. 480-485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic or recurrent inflammation has been suggested as a causal factor in several human malignancies, including prostate cancer. Genetic predisposition is also a strong risk factor in the development of prostate cancer. In particular, Toll-like receptors (TLR), especially the TLR6-1-10 gene cluster, are involved in prostate cancer development. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases (IRAK) 1 and 4 are critical components in the TLR signaling pathway. In this large case-control study, we tested two hypotheses: (a) sequence variants in IRAK1 and IRAK4 are associated with prostate cancer risk and (b) sequence variants in IRAK1/4 and TLR1-6-10 interacts and confers a stronger risk to prostate cancer. We analyzed 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (four in IRAK1 and seven in IRAK4) among 1,383 newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients and 780 population controls in Sweden. Although the single-nucleotide polymorphisms in IRAK1 and IRAK4 alone were not significantly associated with prostate cancer risk, one single-nucleotide polymorphism in IRAK4, when combined with the high-risk genotype at TLR6-1-10, conferred a significant excess risk of prostate cancer. In particular, men with the risk genotype at TLR6-1-10 and IRAK4-7987 CG/CC had an odds ratio of 9.68 (P = 0.03) when compared with men who had wildtype genotypes. Our findings suggest synergistic effects between sequence variants in IRAK4 and the TLR 6-1-10 gene cluster. Although this study was based on a priori hypothesis and was designed to address many common issues facing this type of study, our results need confirmation in even larger studies.
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| 3. |
- Sun, J L, et al.
(författare)
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Sequence variants in toll-like receptor gene cluster (TLR6-TLR1-TLR10) and prostate cancer risk
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Human Genom, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Umea Univ, Dept Radiat Sci & Oncol, Umea, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. Orebro Univ Hosp, Dept Urol & Clin Med, Orebro, Sweden. Univ Uppsala Hosp, Reg Oncol Ctr, Uppsala, Sweden. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Urol, Baltimore, MD USA. : OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 97:7, s. 525-532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Chronic inflammation plays an important role in several human cancers and may be involved in the etiology of prostate cancer. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important in the innate immune response to pathogens and in cross-talk between innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Our previous finding of an association of TLR4 gene sequence variants and prostate cancer risk provides evidence for a role of TLRs in prostate cancer. In this study, we investigated whether sequence variants in the TLR6-TLR1-TLR10 gene cluster, residing within a 54-kb region on 4p14, were associated with prostate cancer risk. Methods: We selected 32 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering these three genes and genotyped these SNPs in 96 control subjects from the Cancer Prostate in Sweden (CAPS) population-based prostate cancer case-control study. Five distinct haplotype blocks were inferred at this region, and we identified 17 haplotype-tagging SNPs (htSNPs) that could uniquely describe < 95% of the haplotypes. These 17 htSNPs were then genotyped in the entire CAPS study population (1383 case subjects and 780 control subjects). Odds ratios of prostate cancer for the carriers of a variant allele versus those with the wild-type allele were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. Results: The allele frequencies of 11 of the 17 SNPs were statistically significantly different between case and control subjects (P = .04-.001), with odds ratios for variant allele carriers (homozygous or heterozygous) compared with wild-type allele carriers ranging from 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00 to 1.43) to 1.38 (95% CI = 1.12 to 1.70). Phylogenetic tree analyses of common haplotypes identified a clade of two evolutionarily related haplotypes that are statistically significantly associated with prostate cancer risk. These two haplotypes contain all the risk alleles of these 11 associated SNPs. Conclusion: The observed multiple associated SNPs at the TLR6-TLR1-TLR10 gene cluster were dependent and suggest the presence of a founder prostate cancer risk variant on this haplotype background. The TLR6-TLR1-TLR10 gene cluster may play a role in prostate cancer risk, although further functional studies are needed to pinpoint the disease-associated variants in this gene cluster.
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| 4. |
- Duggan, D., et al.
(författare)
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Two genome-wide association studies of aggressive prostate cancer implicate putative prostate tumor suppressor gene DAB2IP
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 99:24, s. 1836-1844
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The consistent finding of a genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer suggests that there are germline sequence variants predisposing individuals to this disease. These variants could be useful in screening and treatment. Methods: We performed an exploratory genome-wide association scan in 498 men with aggressive prostate cancer and 494 control subjects selected from a population-based case-control study in Sweden. We combined the results of this scan with those for aggressive prostate cancer from the publicly available Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) Study. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that showed statistically significant associations with the risk of aggressive prostate cancer based on two-sided allele tests were tested for their association with aggressive prostate cancer in two independent study populations composed of individuals of European or African American descent using one-sided tests and the genetic model (dominant or additive) associated with the lowest value in the exploratory study. Results: Among the approximately 60000 SNPs that were common to our study and CGEMS, we identified seven that had a similar (positive or negative) and statistically significant (P<.01) association with the risk of aggressive prostate cancer in both studies. Analysis of the distribution of these SNPs among 1032 prostate cancer patients and 571 control subjects of European descent indicated that one, rs1571801, located in the DAB2IP gene, which encodes a novel Ras GTPase-activating protein and putative prostate tumor suppressor, was associated with aggressive prostate cancer (one-sided P value =. 004). The association was also statistically significant in an African American study population that included 210 prostate cancer patients and 346 control subjects (one-sided P value =. 02). Conclusion: A genetic variant in DAB2IP may be associated with the risk of aggressive prostate cancer and should be evaluated further.
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| 5. |
- Bao, Z., et al.
(författare)
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An optimal charging scheduling model and algorithm for electric buses
- 2023
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrification poses a promising low-carbon or even zero-carbon transportation solution, serving as a strategic approach to reducing carbon emissions and promoting carbon neutrality in the transportation sector. Along the transportation electrification pathway, the goal of carbon neutrality can be further accelerated with an increasing amount of electricity being generated from renewable energies. The past decade observed the rapid development of battery technologies and deployment of electricity infrastructure worldwide, fostering transportation electrification to expand from railways to light and then heavy vehicles on roadways. In China, a massive number of electric buses have been employed and operated in dozens of metropolises. An important daily operations issue with these urban electric buses is how to coordinate their charging activities in a cost-effective manner, considering various physical, financial, institutional, and managerial constraints. This paper addresses a general charging scheduling problem for an electric bus fleet operated across multiple bus lines and charging depots and terminals, aiming at finding an optimal set of charging location and time decisions given the available charging windows. The charging windows for each bus are predetermined in terms of its layovers at depots and terminals and each of them is discretized into a number of charging slots with the same time duration. A mixed linear integer programming model with binary charging slot choice and continuous state-of-charge (SOC) variables is constructed for minimizing the total charging cost of the bus fleet subject to individual electricity consumption rates, electricity charging rates, time-based charging windows, battery SOC bounds, time-of-use (TOU) charging tariffs, and station-specific electricity load capacities. A Lagrangian relaxation framework is employed to decouple the joint charging schedule of a bus fleet into a number of independent single-bus charging schedules, which can be efficiently addressed by a bi-criterion dynamic programming algorithm. A real-world regional electric bus fleet of 122 buses in Shanghai, China is selected for validating the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed charging scheduling model and algorithm. The optimization results numerically reveal the impacts of TOU tariffs, station load capacities, charging infrastructure configurations, and battery capacities on the bus system performance as well as individual recharging behaviors, and justify the superior solution efficiency of our algorithm against a state-of-the-art commercial solver.
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| 6. |
- Gao, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Cooling pitch cabinets in wind turbines using a pulsating heat pipe : A case study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2214-157X. ; 50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the electric capacity of wind turbine increases, heat dissipation in pitch cabinets becomes challenging owing to the limited space and rotating conditions. To cool down the pitch cabinet more effectively and allow heat dissipation, we designed and implemented a pulsating heat pipe (PHP) in this study. We designed PHP parameters and conducted performance tests to compare the cooling performance of the fabricated PHP with that of an air-based cooling system in a 1.5 MW wind turbine. The results demonstrated steady PHP operation under rotating conditions (17.3 rpm). At a heat load of 1000 W, the evaporator outlet temperature was only 76.1 °C. However, increasing the ambient temperature adversely affected PHP operation, resulting in higher temperature and thermal resistance. The heat-pipe-based cooling system lowered the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) temperature by about 20.4 °C in relation to the air-based cooling system, while being suitable under varied conditions. Additionally, the system could successfully operate when the heat load of IGBT was 2350 W, corresponding to a 7 MW electric capacity of the wind turbine. Reducing the manufacturing cost of the heat pipe would further enhance the applicability of this system for pitch cabinet IGBT cooling, such as decreasing payback period.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Huang, X., et al.
(författare)
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Depth optimization of solidification properties of a latent heat energy storage unit under constant rotation mechanism
- 2023
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Latent heat storage technology plays an important role in the effective utilization of clean energy such as solar energy in building heating, but the low thermal conductivity of heat storage medium (phase change material) affects its large-scale application. As a new heat storage enhancement technology, rotation mechanism has a good application prospect. In this paper, the solidification performance of a triplex-tube latent heat thermal energy storage unit at constant speed (0.5 rpm) is studied numerically. Different optimization design methods (Taguchi method and response surface method) are used for deep analysis. The influences of fin position, number, and material on solidification properties are explored by the Taguchi method. Then, the unit structure (fin angle, fin length, and fin width) is optimized by the response surface method. Compared with the original structure, the average heat release rate of 8 copper fins with all outer tubes is increased by 108.93%, and the solidification time is reduced by 52.06%. The optimal structure can further shorten the solidification time by 29.14% and increase the average heat release rate by 40.5%. Additionally, the study of wall temperature shows that increasing temperature difference makes solidification speed faster and heat energy release faster. This effect effectively eliminates the adverse effects of slow solidification during the later stages of the process on the system.
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| 9. |
- Lyu, Yuexia, et al.
(författare)
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Techno-economic evaluation of an optical fiber based hybrid solar lighting system
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical fiber solar lighting systems are an appealing approach for illumination applications with the aim of reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from artificial lighting. This study presented the design, construction and assessment of an optical fiber based hybrid solar lighting system for illumination of interior spaces. The proposed system combines the features of optical fiber daylighting technology and photovoltaic power generation technology. Specifically, a secondary light concentrator was designed to improve the uniformity of flux distribution and solve the overheating problem of PMMA fibers. The technical feasibility of the hybrid solar lighting system was validated using the fabricated prototype in a 5 m2 darkroom during a whole day test. Experimental results showed that, an average illuminance of 105 lx at a distance of 2 m from the end of optical fiber bundle was achieved, saving 316.82 kWh and reducing 251.24 kg carbon dioxide emissions every year in the studied case. Finally, cost analysis of the proposed hybrid solar lighting system was carried out and compared with three conventional lighting systems. The total payback period of the hybrid solar lighting system was 3.7 years and further reduced to 1.7 years in mass production. In the studied case, the hybrid solar lighting system was economically competitive after 2 years and 12 years of operation in comparison with a 100 W incandescent bulb lighting system and a 30 W T8 fluorescent lamp lighting system, respectively.
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| 10. |
- Meng, H., et al.
(författare)
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Preface
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lecture. Notes. Data Eng. Commun. Tech.. - : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. ; , s. v-vi
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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