| 1. |
- Wang, Yuanji, et al.
(författare)
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The diversity of microbial community and function varied in response to different agricultural residues composting
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 715
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbial activities are the dynamic core in the soil nutrient cycle. To improve the knowledges about the responses of soil microbial community structure and potential function to long-term cover crops practice. The co-occurrence patterns of soil microbial community structure and functional genes were evaluated using 16SrRNA, ITS and metagenomic technique in 13 years cover crops of orchard grass (OG, Dactylis glomerata L.) with high C/N and white clover (WC, Trifolium repens L.) with low C/N. Conventional tillage (CT) was control. The experiment was implemented in an apple orchard located on the Loess Plateau, China, from 2006 to 2018. We also measured soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities related to carbon and nitrogen cycling. The conclusions showed that the dominant bacterial phyla were Actinobacteria 27.68% in OG treatment and Proteobacteria 25.89% in WC treatment. Organic matter inputs stimulated growth of the phyla of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Ascomycota and genera of Bacillus, Blastococcus, Streptomyces and Penicillium. Interestingly, the OG and WC treatments promoted the fungal and bacterial alpha-diversity compared to CT treatment, respectively. In addition, compared to CT treatment, OG treatment was beneficial to the increase of C-cycle enzyme activity, while WC treatment tended to increase the N-cycle enzyme activity. Notably, compared to CT treatment, they both enriched carbon fixation and cycle pathways genes, while WC treatment increased the nitrogen metabolism pathway genes. Moreover, OG treatment was more conducive to the enrichment of carbohydrate enzymes genes involved in the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose compared to WC treatment. Overall, different quality of plant residues stimulated the specific expressions of soil microbial community structure and function. Long-term planted white clover was effective strategy to improve soil quality. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
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| 2. |
- Cong, X., et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of fire protection performance and mechanical properties of thin-ply bio-epoxy composites
- 2021
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Ingår i: Polymers. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4360. ; 13:5, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hybrid composites composed of bio-based thin-ply carbon fibre prepreg and flame-retardant mats (E20MI) have been produced to investigate the effects of laminate design on their fire protection performance and mechanical properties. These flame-retardant mats rely primarily on expandable graphite, mineral wool and glass fibre to generate a thermal barrier that releases incom-bustible gasses and protects the underlying material. A flame retardant (FR) mat is incorporated into the carbon fibre bio-based polymeric laminate and the relationship between the fire protection properties and mechanical properties is investigated. Hybrid composite laminates containing FR mats either at the exterior surfaces or embedded 2-plies deep have been tested by the limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test and cone calorimetry. The addition of the surface or embedded E20MI flame retardant mats resulted in an improvement from a base line of 33.1% to 47.5% and 45.8%, respectively. All laminates passed the vertical burning test standard of FAR 25.853. Cone calorimeter data revealed an increase in the time to ignition (TTI) for the hybrid composites containing the FR mat, while the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (TTR) were greatly reduced. Furthermore, the maximum average rate of heat emission (MARHE) values indicated that both composites with flame retardant mats had achieved the requirements of EN 45545-2. However, the tensile strengths of laminates with surface or embedded flame-retardant mats were reduced from 1215.94 MPa to 885.92 MPa and 975.48 MPa, respectively. Similarly, the bending strength was reduced from 836.41 MPa to 767.03 MPa and 811.36 MPa, respectively. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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| 3. |
- Duan, Y M, et al.
(författare)
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Biochar regulates bacterial-fungal diversity and associated enzymatic activity during sheep manure composting
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aimed to evaluate the coexistence of bacterial and fungal diversity and their correlation with enzymatic activity in response to biochar. This study performed aerobic composting based on typical agricultural wastes of sheep manure with additive apple tree branch biochar at distinct concentration (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5% corresponding from T1 to T6). The result demonstrated that appropriate amendment of biochar enriched bacterial diversity (1646-1686 OTUs) but interestingly decreased fungal diversity (542-630 OTUs) compared to control (1444 and 682 OTUs). Biochar addition enhanced all enzymatic activities and its correlation with bacterial was more complex than fungal community (786 and 359 connect edges). The dominant microbes comprised of Firmicutes (45.2-35.2%), Proteobacteria (14.0-17.5%), Basidiomycota (32.4-49.5%) and Ascomycota (11.3-37.5%) among all the treatments. Overall, biochar regulates the composting microenvironment by influencing the microbial diversity and associated enzymatic activities.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Backe, Carin, et al.
(författare)
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Serially connected EAP based tape yarns for in-air actuation using textile structures
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Smart textiles that have the capability for actuation are of great interest for creating wearables and haptic devices. Through the use of textile fabric production processes electroactive polymeric materials in the form of film-based yarns can be integrated and combined with passive yarns to create soft, actuating fabrics. This way single EAP materials can be transformed into segments consisting of multiple EAP yarns working together. Furthermore, these segments can be positioned within a fabric to work individually or simultaneously in different patterns by use of incorporated conductive yarn paths. While the chase for additivity in force is a long-standing part of developing new actuator structures, so is the need for additivity in displacement motion. Here we construct an actuating textile fabric through the process of weaving that is able to operate in-air using polypyrrole-based tape yarns with choline acetate ionic liquid. Finding the balance between the weaving parameters turned out to be key. We found that in a vertically suspended arrangement, a three-segment serially connected fabric assembly demonstrated an accumulative effect in displacement and a joint-like motion behaviour. This opens up for more complicated motion patterns to be created through textile processing of EAP materials.
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| 6. |
- Backe, Carin, et al.
(författare)
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Towards responding fabrics : textile processing of thin threadlike pneumatic actuators
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With few exceptions textiles have not been considered as means for obtaining actuation. This is surprising as textiles have many advantageous characteristics such as the D=M property, which stands for Doing Devices while Making the Material. This means that functions are introduced simultaneously as the material, such as in a weave, is built up tread by tread. Traditionally a thread could have a certain colour so in total an aesthetical pattern is formed. Now we take a step beyond this working with threadshaving more advanced functions. Included are fiber formed structures showing actuation behavior. This we employ here. We make fiber formed actuating structures (FAS) following the McKibben principle with braided mesh sleeves surrounding a prolonged inflatable tube. Here we worked with relatively large diameters in the relaxed state but show that there is prospect for obtaining relaxed diameters of less than 1 mm approaching the range of large scale weaving manufacturing. We study the behavior of these fibre formed actuating structures individually. Length changes obtained are -20%.We then make textile constructions by integrating several of these FASes with textile processing. By this, we build simple models of fabrics showing actuating behavior. This study shows how textile constructions can support or hinder overall movement. It is a first logical step in order to get an understanding of actuating fabrics based also on other actuating mechanisms.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Björkquist, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Implementation of a Home-Based Phantom Limb Pain Treatment Facilitated by Textile-Electrode System - A Case Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Caring is Sharing — Exploiting the Value in Data for Health and Innovation. - : IOS Press. - 9781643683881 - 9781643683898 ; , s. 682-683
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This case study reports the use of a new textile-electrode system for self-administered Phantom Motor Execution (PME) treatment at home in one patient with Phantom Limb Pain (PLP). In follow-up interviews, the patient reported reduced pain, increased mobility, and improved mental health, and aspects such as motivation, usability, support, and treatment outcome, could be recognized from an earlier study as crucial for successful implementation and adoption of the home-based long-term treatment. The findings are of interest to developers, providers, users, and researchers planning home-based clinical studies and/or scenarios based on technology-assisted treatment.
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| 9. |
- Cutrarolo, Stefano, et al.
(författare)
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Thermodynamics of carbon in iron nanoparticles at low temperature : reduced solubility and size-induced nucleation of cementite
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physics Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1875-3892. ; 6, s. 16-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this manuscript we present the thermodynamics of iron-carbon nano particles at low temperature. By combining classical molecular dynamics simulations, ab initio calculations, finite temperature thermodynamics modeling, and the “size/pressure approximation”, we address carbon-induced fluidization, size-induced eutectic point shift, and reduced solubility at the nanoscale. The results are used to describe, as functions of particle size, three scenarios in the catalytic chemical vapor deposition growth of single single-walled carbon nanotubes, corresponding to steady state-, limitedand no-growth.
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| 10. |
- Duan, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Apple orchard waste recycling and valorization of valuable product-A review
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bioengineered. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 2165-5979 .- 2165-5987. ; 12:1, s. 476-495
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Huge quantities of apple orchard waste (AOW) generated could be regarded as a promising alternative energy source for fuel and material production. Conventional and traditional processes for disposal of these wastes are neither economical nor environment friendly. Hence, sustainable technologies are required to be developed to solve this long-term existence and continuous growing problem. In light of these issues, this review pays attention towards sustainable and renewable systems, various value-added products from an economic and environmental perspective. Refined bio-product derived from AOW contributes to resource and energy demand comprising of biomethane, bioethanol, biofuels, bio-fertilizers, biochar, and biochemicals, such as organic acid, and enzymes. However, the market implementation of biological recovery requires reliable process technology integrated with an eco-friendly and economic production chain, classified management.
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