| 1. |
- Menkveld, Albert J., et al.
(författare)
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Nonstandard Errors
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF FINANCE. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-1082 .- 1540-6261. ; 79:3, s. 2339-2390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty-nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.
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| 2. |
- Fang, Evandro F., et al.
(författare)
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A research agenda for ageing in China in the 21st century (2nd edition): Focusing on basic and translational research, long-term care, policy and social networks.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ageing Research Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1568-1637. ; 64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the key issues facing public healthcare is the global trend of an increasingly ageing society which continues to present policy makers and caregivers with formidable healthcare and socio-economic challenges. Ageing is the primary contributor to a broad spectrum of chronic disorders all associated with a lower quality of life in the elderly. In 2019, the Chinese population constituted 18 % of the world population, with 164.5 million Chinese citizens aged 65 and above (65+), and 26 million aged 80 or above (80+). China has become an ageing society, and as it continues to age it will continue to exacerbate the burden borne by current family and public healthcare systems. Major healthcare challenges involved with caring for the elderly in China include the management of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs), physical frailty, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, with emerging challenges such as providing sufficient dental care, combating the rising prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among nursing home communities, providing support for increased incidences of immune diseases, and the growing necessity to provide palliative care for the elderly. At the governmental level, it is necessary to make long-term strategic plans to respond to the pressures of an ageing society, especially to establish a nationwide, affordable, annual health check system to facilitate early diagnosis and provide access to affordable treatments. China has begun work on several activities to address these issues including the recent completion of the of the Ten-year Health-Care Reform project, the implementation of the Healthy China 2030 Action Plan, and the opening of the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders. There are also societal challenges, namely the shift from an extended family system in which the younger provide home care for their elderly family members, to the current trend in which young people are increasingly migrating towards major cities for work, increasing reliance on nursing homes to compensate, especially following the outcomes of the ‘one child policy’ and the ‘empty-nest elderly’ phenomenon. At the individual level, it is important to provide avenues for people to seek and improve their own knowledge of health and disease, to encourage them to seek medical check-ups to prevent/manage illness, and to find ways to promote modifiable health-related behaviors (social activity, exercise, healthy diets, reasonable diet supplements) to enable healthier, happier, longer, and more productive lives in the elderly. Finally, at the technological or treatment level, there is a focus on modern technologies to counteract the negative effects of ageing. Researchers are striving to produce drugs that can mimic the effects of ‘exercising more, eating less’, while other anti-ageing molecules from molecular gerontologists could help to improve ‘healthspan’ in the elderly. Machine learning, ‘Big Data’, and other novel technologies can also be used to monitor disease patterns at the population level and may be used to inform policy design in the future. Collectively, synergies across disciplines on policies, geriatric care, drug development, personal awareness, the use of big data, machine learning and personalized medicine will transform China into a country that enables the most for its elderly, maximizing and celebrating their longevity in the coming decades. This is the 2nd edition of the review paper (Fang EF et al., Ageing Re. Rev. 2015).
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| 3. |
- Nordensvärd, Johan, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Technological and social adaptation to COVID-19 : Food for Vulnerable Urban Groups in Six Global Cities
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report outlines the results from the research project Food for Urban Life and Localities (FULL) funded by Formas (2020-02864). The research set out to learn how COVID-19 response strategies in six cities (Stockholm, London, Wuhan, Singapore, Sydney, and Seoul) have facilitated access to food for vulnerable groups and how new food supply solutions have emerged through social and technological innovations. This report presents the case of each city in turn and pauses on the role of community-based organisations, ad- hoc community initiatives and municipalities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The report provides a detailed discussion of local or community-level responses in cities that aim to provide access to food through social and/or technological innovations. The lessons learned are important for the Swedish context in the case of similar events that challenge local access to food. The research collected data through qualitative and quantitative methods, and also made use of the breadth of online data sources in response to COVID-19 restrictions on free movement and travelling. The overall finding is that in situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, local access to food is extremely challenging and cannot be addressed by existing welfare or state arrangements only;civil society organisations and voluntary community organizations (VCOs) step in to fill the gap in public provision; and the stricter the lockdown, the more dependent on civil society response urban areas and communities were.
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| 4. |
- Nordensvärd, Johan, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Policy Brief December 2022 : Food for Urban Lives and Locality (FULL)
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What can we learn from civil society responses to COVID-19 food supply?The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in food shortages, lockdowns, and restrictions onmovement, which have completely reshaped the food system and the interaction betweenpeople and their food environment. The pandemic has highlighted that while states arestruggling to handle all the impacts of the pandemic, civil society organizations have taken onan important role in filling the gaps and mitigating the shocks from the pandemic. Actionstaken by civil society and the market have shown that the existing welfare structures createdby states are unable to handle the impact of a pandemic when it comes to critical tasks suchas food supply for vulnerable groups.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Wang, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Research on Site Selection of Low Carbon Distribution Centers Under "New Retail"
- 2020
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Ingår i: Advances in artificial systems for medicine and education III. - Cham : Springer Nature. ; , s. 414-427
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The "Internet +" era, the new retail model will lead the future of business trends. Combining with the characteristics of the development of the new retail industry, from the perspective of carbon emissions, we will focus on the analysis of carbon emission costs and the impact of adding businesses to enterprises, governments or the society. According to the scholar's decision on the location of distribution center, it mainly involves the construction cost of distribution center and the increase of carbon emission cost model for comparative analysis. By comparing the total cost of social, commercial and government, and provide a basis for positioning decisions.
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| 7. |
- Zhang, Y. J., et al.
(författare)
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The impact of car specifications, prices and incentives for battery electric vehicles in Norway: Choices of heterogeneous consumers
- 2016
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Ingår i: Transportation Research, Part C: Emerging Technologies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0968-090X. ; 69, s. 386-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electric vehicles (EVs), specifically Battery EVs (BEVs), can offer significant energy and emission savings over internal combustion engine vehicles. Norway has a long history of research and government incentives for BEVs. The BEV market in Norway allows us to fully examine consumers' BEV choices influenced by car specifications, prices and government incentives (public bus lanes access, toll waiver and charging stations). The Random-Coefficient Discrete Choice Model (referred to as the BLP model) is applied to understand the choices of heterogeneous personal consumers and business buyers. Our study is instantiated on the entire EV sales data in Norway from 2011 to 2013, as well as a set of demographics at the municipality level. The results suggest significant positive effects of BEV technology improvement, space, toll waiver and charging station density on EV demand for both personal consumers and business buyers. However, the effects on business buyers may be generally less pronounced than on personal consumers. Interestingly, bus lanes access demonstrates a negative impact for personal consumers, possibly due to consumers' concern regarding bus lane congestion. In addition, preferences on the BEV price can vary statistically among consumers with different income levels. Compared to the BEV technology development, demographical features and municipal incentives may have generally less impacts on market shares within the BEV market.
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| 8. |
- Li, Yuheng, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial-temporal arable and builtland use change in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region : 1990-2005
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper investigates land use change at the county level in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region. Unlike previous studies which merely divided the region according to the administrations, the paper identifies three land use patterns in terms of urban-rural resource flows: urban, peri-urban and periphery areas. Research findings show that the change of arable land and built land in the urban areas is faster than that in the peri-urban and periphery areas. Land use change rates in the period of 2000-2005 increased comparing with that in the period of 1990-2000. Regression analysis also shows the changes of driving factors to the land use change in the three patterns in the two research periods. The paper concludes through emphasizing the role of peri-urban areas as the urban-rural interface to coordinate land use in the urban areas and periphery areas in this region.
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| 9. |
- Zhang, Qian, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of urban clusters in China based on assessment of transportation accessibility and socio-economic indicators
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Geographica Sinica. - : Science Press. - 0375-5444. ; 66:6, s. 761-770
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban clusters are the expected products of high levels of industry and urbanization in a country, as well as being the basic units of participation in global competition. With respect to China, urban clusters are regarded as the dominant formation for boosting the China's urbanization process. However, to date, there is no coincident, efficient, and credible methodological system and set of techniques to identify Chinese urban clusters. This research investigates the potential of an computerized identification method supported by geographic information techniques to provide a better understanding of the distribution of China's urban clusters. The identification method is executed based on a geographic information database, a digital elevation model, and socio-economic data with the aid of ArcInfo Macro Language programming. In the method, preliminary boundaries are identified according to transportation accessibility, and final identifications are achieved from limiting city numbers, population, and GDP in a region with the aid of the rasterized socio-economic dataset. The results show that the method identifies nine Chinese urban clusters, i.e., Pearl River Delta, Lower Yangtze River Valley, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, Northeast China, Middle Yangtze River Valley, Central China Plains, Western Taiwan Strait, Guanzhong and Chengdu-Chongqing urban clusters. This research represents the first study involving the computerized identification of China's urban clusters. Moreover, compared to other related studies, the study's approach, which combines transportation accessibility and socio-economic characteristics, is shown to be a distinct, effective and reliable way of identifying urban clusters.
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| 10. |
- Harjoto, Maretno Agus, et al.
(författare)
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Corporate social irresponsibility and portfolio performance: A cross-national study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money. - : Elsevier BV. - 1042-4431. ; 70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the impact of reputational risk, measured by corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) ratings, on shareholder abnormal returns. Based on 7368 non-financial companies from 42 countries during 2007–2017, we find that long-short portfolios (buying no reputation risk and selling high reputation risk portfolios) earn significantly positive abnormal returns. The cross-national results indicate that the long-short portfolio returns are more pronounced (i) in the emerging market segment than in the developed market segment, (ii) in civil law jurisdictions than in their common law peers, (iii) within nations with higher confidence in corporations and, (iv) within nations with higher institutional trust.
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