| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Fenstermacher, M.E., et al.
(författare)
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DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.
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| 3. |
- Liu, Chang, et al.
(författare)
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A dendritic Sb2Se3/In2S3 heterojunction nanorod array photocathode decorated with a MoSx catalyst for efficient solar hydrogen evolution
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 8:44, s. 23385-23394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developing cost-effective photocathodes that show desirable performance for use in commercial photoelectrochemical water splitting devices remains a fundamental and practical challenge. Sb2Se3 semiconductors satisfy most of the demands expected for an ideal highly efficient photocathode, including favorable cost and optoelectronic properties. Herein, we have demonstrated outstanding photoelectrodes using a noble-metal-free catalyst, namely, a MoSx-decorated low-cost Sb2Se3/In2S3 heterojunction, as the photocathode. This enabled a maximum photocurrent density of up to -27 mA cm(-2) (0 V vs. RHE, 100 mW cm(-2), AM 1.5G filter) with a remarkable half solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency (STH) of 2.6%, obtained via decreasing charge recombination and accelerating charge transfer through morphological optimization of the In2S3 layer.
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| 4. |
- Liu, Yi, et al.
(författare)
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Porous, robust, thermally stable, and flame retardant nanocellulose/polyimide separators for safe lithium-ion batteries
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 11:43, s. 23360-23369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is paramount for all users. One effective way to improve safety is incorporating heat-resistant polyimide (PI) separators, which can increase the thermal stability of batteries and minimize the risk of thermal runaway. However, preparing PI separators with both an ideal pore structure and adequate mechanical properties remains as a challenge. Here, we introduced decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) into PI and produced a hybrid separator with an outstanding pore structure and excellent mechanical properties. Aided with DBDPE, the separators attain a well-defined and uniform pore size (20 nm), while demonstrating high porosities (78%) through phase inversion processes. Owing to the addition of CNFs, the mechanical properties of the separators were significantly improved, with a tensile strength of 25.4 MPa and an elastic modulus of 550.1 MPa. Moreover, the separators demonstrate high ion conductivity (0.45 mS cm-1), excellent thermal-dimensional stability (up to 200 degrees C), remarkable flame retardancy, and outstanding electrolyte wettability. At room temperature, the batteries with the separators demonstrate comparable performance with those of polypropylene (PP) separators. However, when subjected to thermal shock treatments, the batteries with the separators outperform those with PP, showcasing their superior performance. The work introduces a novel strategy for designing high-performance separators, thereby paving the way for advancements in the fabrication of LIBs with enhanced safety features. A porous, robust, and thermally stable hybrid separator was developed to solve the dilemma between desired pore structures and mechanical properties in polyimide separators by introducing decabromodiphenyl ethane and cellulose nanofibers.
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| 5. |
- Barucca, G., et al.
(författare)
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The potential of Λ and Ξ- studies with PANDA at FAIR
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. - : Springer Nature. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 57:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The antiproton experiment PANDA at FAIR is designed to bring hadron physics to a new level in terms of scope, precision and accuracy. In this work, its unique capability for studies of hyperons is outlined. We discuss ground-state hyperons as diagnostic tools to study non-perturbative aspects of the strong interaction, and fundamental symmetries. New simulation studies have been carried out for two benchmark hyperon-antihyperon production channels: p¯ p→ Λ¯ Λ and p¯ p→ Ξ¯ +Ξ-. The results, presented in detail in this paper, show that hyperon-antihyperon pairs from these reactions can be exclusively reconstructed with high efficiency and very low background contamination. In addition, the polarisation and spin correlations have been studied, exploiting the weak, self-analysing decay of hyperons and antihyperons. Two independent approaches to the finite efficiency have been applied and evaluated: one standard multidimensional efficiency correction approach, and one efficiency independent approach. The applicability of the latter was thoroughly evaluated for all channels, beam momenta and observables. The standard method yields good results in all cases, and shows that spin observables can be studied with high precision and accuracy already in the first phase of data taking with PANDA.
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| 6. |
- Jiang, Tao, et al.
(författare)
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Tetraphenylethene end-capped diketopyrrolopyrrole fluorogens with AIE and large two-photon absorption cross-sections features and application in bioimaging
- 2016
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Ingår i: Dyes and pigments. - : Elsevier. - 0143-7208 .- 1873-3743. ; 133, s. 201-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, a series of new diketopyrrolopyrrole-based dyes have been synthesized by connecting tetraphenylethene to the diketopyrrolopyrrole core. All the four compounds exhibit good aggregation induced emission property with nonemissive in the solution but strong red fluorescence in the aggregate or solid state. Also, these new dyes exhibit large two-photon absorption cross sections (a), in which the a data measured by the open aperture Z-scan technique are determined to be 150, 300, 1140 and 1016 GM for four dyes, respectively. In addition, compound with stilbene and four tetraphenylethene units (DPP-TPE-3) was used as the luminogen and encapsulated into nanoparticles for cell imaging and two-photon excited fluorescence blood vessels imaging. The result indicates that it can be used as the effective fluorescence probe for bioimaging and has great potential for bioapplications. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Tian, Yu-Peng, et al.
(författare)
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Investigations and facile synthesis of a series of novel multi-functional two-photon absorption materials
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0959-9428 .- 1364-5501. ; 17:34, s. 3646-3654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six centrosymmetric D-(pi-A)(3) structural triphenylamine derivatives that can be used as two- photon photopolymerization and optical data storage chromophores, tris[ 4-( 4- pyridylethenyl) phenyl] amine ( 1), tris[ 4-( 2- pyridylethenyl) phenyl] amine ( 2), tris( 4- cyanoethenylphenyl) amine ( 3), tris[ 4- butylacrylatephenyl] amine ( 4), tris[ 4- methylacrylatephenyl] amine ( 5) and tris[ 4- acrylicethenylphenyl] amine ( 6), have been successfully synthesized via a triple palladium-catalyzed Heck coupling reaction, and the novel chromophores were fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR, (1)H-NMR and ESIMS. The structure for 3 was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. One- and two-photon absorption and fluorescence in various solvents were experimentally investigated. Two-photon initiated polymerization microfabrication and optical data recording experiments were carried out under 780 nm laser radiation, and the possible polymerization mechanism is discussed based on theoretical calculations. All the six chromophores have relatively large two-photon absorption crosssections, and exhibit optical memory and highly efficient two-photon initiated polymerization abilities.
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| 8. |
- Zhang, Qi, et al.
(författare)
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Muscle-like Artificial Molecular Actuators for Nanoparticles
- 2018
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Ingår i: Chem. - : Cell Press. - 2451-9308 .- 2451-9294. ; 4:11, s. 2670-2684
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muscle tissue performs crucial contraction/extension motions that generate mechanical force and work by consuming chemical energy. Inspired by this naturally created biomolecular machine, artificial molecular muscles are designed and synthesized to undertake linear actuation functions. However, most of these muscle-like actuators are performed at large ensembles, while to realize the nanoscale actuation at the single-to few-molecule level remains challenging. Herein, we developed an artificial muscle-like molecular actuator that can reversibly control the proximity of the attached nano-objects, gold nanoparticles, within the single-molecule length level by its stimuli-responsive muscle-like linear contraction/extension motion. The molecular actuation motion is accompanied by an optical signal output resulting from the plasmonic resonance properties of gold nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the thermal noise of the muscle-like molecular actuator can be overcome by integrating the optical signal over a sufficiently long period.
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| 9. |
- Guo, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Deposition of droplets from the trachea or bronchus in the respiratory tract during exhalation : A steady-state numerical investigation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Aerosol Science and Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0278-6826 .- 1521-7388. ; 54:8, s. 869-879
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Respiratory droplets are bioaerosols that originate from the respiratory tract. Knowing their deposition characteristics during exhalation would facilitate the understanding of the source of large respiratory droplets and their importance in the spread of respiratory infectious diseases. In this study, computational fluid dynamics is used to simulate the motion and deposition of droplets released from either trachea or bronchi in a realistic reconstruction of the human respiratory tract. Influences of airflow structures and locations of droplet generation on droplet deposition are studied, and droplets with diameters between 1 and 50 mu m are examined. The deposition of droplets is found to be influenced mainly by the droplet diameter and the flow rate of exhalation. The number of droplets released from the trachea or bronchi that can escape into the environment decreases as the flow rate increases. When the flow rate is low (10 L/min), the critical diameter of droplets generated in the lower respiratory system that can escape into the air is approximately 12 mu m, but this diameter is approximately 5 mu m when the flow rate is medium (30 to 60 L/min) or large (90 L/min). The larynx is the dominant site of deposition for droplets smaller than the critical diameter, while trachea and bronchus are more important locations that account for the deposition of larger droplets. This study indicates that the lower respiratory tract is an important source of fine droplets (<5 mu m) in indoor environments, and larger droplets probably originate from the upper respiratory tract, which needs further investigation. Copyright
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| 10. |
- Huang, He, et al.
(författare)
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Material informatics for uranium-bearing equiatomic disordered solid solution alloys
- 2021
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Ingår i: Materials Today Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-4928. ; 29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Near-equiatomic, multi-component alloys with disordered solid solution phase (DSSP) are associated with outstanding performance in phase stability, mechanical properties and irradiation resistance, and may provide a feasible solution for developing novel uranium-based alloys with better fuel capacity. In this work, we build a machine learning (ML) model of disordered solid solution alloys (DSSAs) based on about 6000 known multicomponent alloys and several materials descriptors to efficiently predict the DSSAs formation ability. To fully optimize the ML model, we develop a multi-algorithm cross-verification approach in combination with the SHapley Additive exPlanations value (SHAP value). We find that the Delta S-C, Lambda, Phi(s), gamma and 1/Omega, corresponding to the former two Hume - Rothery (H - R) rules, are the most important materials descriptors affecting DSSAs formation ability. When the ML model is applied to the 375 uranium-bearing DSSAs, 190 of them are predicted to be the DSSAs never known before. 20 of these alloys were randomly synthesized and characterized. Our predictions are in-line with experiments with 3 inconsistent cases, suggesting that our strategy offers a fast and accurate way to predict novel multi-component alloys with high DSSAs formation ability. These findings shed considerable light on the mapping between the material descriptors and DSSAs formation ability.
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