| 1. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 2. |
- Deng, Ruilong, et al.
(författare)
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False Data Injection on State Estimation in Power Systems—Attacks, Impacts, and Defense: A Survey
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 13:2, s. 411-423
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The accurately estimated state is of great importance for maintaining a stable running condition of power systems. To maintain the accuracy of the estimated state, bad data detection (BDD) is utilized by power systems to get rid of erroneous measurements due to meter failures or outside attacks. However, false data injection (FDI) attacks, as recently revealed, can circumvent BDD and insert any bias into the value of the estimated state. Continuous works on constructing and/or protecting power systems from such attacks have been done in recent years. This survey comprehensively overviews three major aspects: constructing FDI attacks; impacts of FDI attacks on electricity market; and defending against FDI attacks. Specifically, we first explore the problem of constructing FDI attacks, and further show their associated impacts on electricity market operations, from the adversary's point of view. Then, from the perspective of the system operator, we present countermeasures against FDI attacks. We also outline the future research directions and potential challenges based on the above overview, in the context of FDI attacks, impacts, and defense.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Pang, Cheng, et al.
(författare)
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Software-defined automation and control : a preliminary study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings IECON 2017. - Piscataway, NJ : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781538611272 ; , s. 5497-5502
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pervasiveness and significance of software have upset its subordinate role in the original software-hardware relationship. Software has become a main factor for defining and differentiating various “things”. This has led to a new emerging technology trend called Software-defined Anything (SDx), where a system's functionality and diversity are largely characterized by its software. SDx technologies are now pervading and reshaping many industries. This work initiates the investigation on possible approaches for applying the SDx paradigm in automation and control systems. In particular, a framework consists of commodity control hardware, service-oriented control software, and a cloud computing platform has been proposed. An application in building automation and management system has been developed and deployed to demonstrate the proposed approach's feasibility.
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| 5. |
- Wang, Ning, et al.
(författare)
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Boride-derived oxygen-evolution catalysts
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal borides/borates have been considered promising as oxygen evolution reaction catalysts; however, to date, there is a dearth of evidence of long-term stability at practical current densities. Here we report a phase composition modulation approach to fabricate effective borides/borates-based catalysts. We find that metal borides in-situ formed metal borates are responsible for their high activity. This knowledge prompts us to synthesize NiFe-Boride, and to use it as a templating precursor to form an active NiFe-Borate catalyst. This boride-derived oxide catalyzes oxygen evolution with an overpotential of 167 mV at 10 mA/cm2 in 1 M KOH electrolyte and requires a record-low overpotential of 460 mV to maintain water splitting performance for over 400 h at current density of 1 A/cm2. We couple the catalyst with CO reduction in an alkaline membrane electrode assembly electrolyser, reporting stable C2H4 electrosynthesis at current density 200 mA/cm2 for over 80 h.
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| 6. |
- Wang, Xiangjian, et al.
(författare)
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Multifunctionality in (K,Na)NbO3-based ceramic near polymorphic phase boundary
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 130:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 0.95K0.42Na0.58Nb0.96Sb0.04O3–0.02BaZrO3–0.03Bi0.5K0.5HfO3 ceramic was fabricated via a conventional solid-state reaction. This ceramic exhibits the diffuse polymorphic phase boundary (PPB) near room temperature. The dielectric, ferroelectric, electromechanical, electrocaloric, and dielectric energy storage properties were studied systemically. The normalized large signal d33* values are approximately 400–600 pm/V at measured temperatures and electric fields, which are larger than or comparable with the values reported in other lead-free compositions. The electrocaloric strength is enhanced at the broad region of PPB provided by the indirect and direct measurements. At low field of 30 kV/cm, the dielectric energy storage is ∼0.12–018 J/cm3 at relative broad temperature range due to the diffuse nature of polymorphic phase boundary. Theoretical simulations reveal that multi-element dopants, such as Sb5+, Hf4+, Zr4+, and Bi3+ ions, could induce the breaking of local structure symmetry in the orthorhombic phase to form the PPB. In addition, the charge distribution may also break the long-range ferroelectric order through the analysis of Bader charge. Our study suggests that the K0.5Na0.5NbO3-based ceramic exhibits improved performance and good thermal stability in piezoelectric, electrocaloric, and dielectric energy storage characteristics in terms of the design of multi-element dopants to form the PPB and it will benefit the promising applications in electronic devices.
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