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- Fine, Kimberly L., et al.
(författare)
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Association Between Early Prescribed Opioid Initiation and Risk of Suicidal Behavior
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Prescription opioid use has been linked to increased risk of suicidal behavior in adults. However, little research exists examining the role of prescription opioid use on risk of suicidal behavior in children and adolescents. This population is at high risk for suicidal behavior, as suicide is the second leading cause of death for people ages 10 to 34. Using healthcare data from Swedish population registers, we aimed to characterize the extent to which exposure to opioids at a young age leads to an increased risk of new onset suicidal behavior, for those with no history of suicidal behavior. Compared to demographically matched non-recipients, young people who initiated prescription opioids had just under three times the rate of subsequent suicidal behavior (HR = 2.64, 95% CI, 2.47-2.81). Compared to their unexposed siblings, young people who initiated prescription opioids had roughly two times the rate of subsequent suicidal behavior (HR = 1.83, 95% CI, 1.67-2.01). Finally, compared to young people initiating prescription NSAIDs, young people who initiated prescription opioids had only 19% relatively greater rates of suicidal behavior (HR, 1.19, 95% CI, 1.11-1.27). These results suggest the association between prescription opioids and suicidal behavior may be driven by the underlying pain indication.
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| 2. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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The Genetic Structure of Cloninger's Psychobiological Model of Personality in Adolescence
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cloninger’s psychobiological model is based on differences between procedural versus propositional learning, leading to the distinction between four temperament and three character dimensions. In contrast to Cloninger’s original theory, association studies and quantitative genetic studies have suggested at least equally (if not more) importance of genes and genetic effects behind characterdimensions as compared to temperament dimensions. We aimed to investigate the genetic structure of Cloninger’s model in a large population-based study group of adolescent twins to capture the developing personality. Methods: To understand which factors contributed to the seven TCI dimensions, we conducted univariate genetic analysis, using a model-fitting approach with structural equation-modeling techniques. Subjects: 831 monozygotic (MZ) or same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs aged 15 completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Results: Three of the four temperament dimensions (Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance; Persistence) showed genetic contributions and unique environmental effects, supporting the original theoretical assumption and previous studies. As predicted by theory, all three character dimensions could be referred to genetic, common environmental, and unique environmental factors, with a considerably lower degree of genetic determinance (see Table 1). Conclusions: In contrast to previously published findings, the results presented here support the robustness of the original TCI structure.
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| 3. |
- Jönsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Cohort Profile: The Halmstad University Register on Pupils with Intellectual Disability (HURPID)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Policy and theoretical perspectives I - Data and policy.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge about the living conditions for people with intellectual disability (ID) is limited, not least since they constitute such a small group, which puts them at risk of being invisible in the general statistics. Thus, there is a great need of a complete register of individuals in this group.The Swedish Halmstad University Register on Pupils with Intellectual Disability (HURPID) is the first population-based, nationwide sample of former pupils in upper secondary school for pupils with intellectual disability (n = 26 906). The aim of this presentation is to provide a description of that register.HURPID consists of pupils who were assessed as not having the ability to reach the knowledge requirements of upper secondary school, due to ID, during the academic years of 2000/2001 – 2019/2020. The cohort was established to study the transition from school to working age and to follow the development regarding living conditions, occupational patterns, and health over time. School leaving certificates and corresponding documents of former pupils who attended the school form in question during the academic years of 2000/2001 - 2010/2011 were collected in 2011-2012. Information on national identification number, sex, program, municipality, graduation year and complete/incomplete degree were registered. In 2020-2022, a similar data collection was carried out and corresponding information for the academic years of 2011/2012 - 2019/2020 was added (total n = 11 077 women and 15 829 men).So far, HURPID has been used to study occupational patterns in general (also including exploration of those not involved in employment, education, or daily activity), comorbidity, mortality, heritability, substance abuse, crime, and victimization. Future studies may, for example, examine occupational patterns over time, changes after reforms, need of support, financial situation, access to health care, comparisons with individuals with low intellectual ability (without ID), risk factors for ID and penal sanctions.
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| 5. |
- Oskarsson, Sofi, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Adverse perinatal events and offspring criminal convictions in men and women : A population-based study
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Stockholm Criminology Symposium. ; , s. 33-33
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We examined associations of adverse perinatal events with offspring violent and non-violent criminal convictions in men and women.Methods: All singleton births between 1973 and 1995 (n = 1,146,570 men, n = 1,085,217 women) were identified through Swedish population-based registers. Information about adverse perinatal events was retrieved from the Medical Birth Register. Outcomes were criminal convictions collected from the National Crime Register. We estimated absolute and relative risks of being convicted of criminal convictions using the Kaplan-Meier method and survival analyses for men and women separately. We also tested for differences in magnitudes of associations for men versus women.Results: Several adverse perinatal events were associated with an increased risk of violent and non–violent criminal convictions in both men and women. Associations between low birth weight, small nessrelative to gestational age and preterm birth with non–violent criminal convictions were statistically significantly higher for men than for women. There was a dose–dependent association between adverse perinatal events with violent and non–violent criminal convictions for both men and women, indicated by the strengthened magnitude of HR estimates with exposure to an increasing number of adverse perinatal events.Conclusions: Adverse perinatal events are associated with violent and non-violent criminal convictions in men and women, with some differences in risk estimates between sexes. Findings are compatible with theoretical accounts implicating disruption of the neurodevelopment during the perinatal period.
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| 7. |
- Strenn, Nina, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between NFKB and NFKBIL1 polymorphisms and autistic-like traits in a Swedish population of twins
- 2014
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Ingår i: 29th World Congress of the International College of Neuropsychopharmacology (CINP), 22-26 June 2014; Vancouver, Canada.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives Autism spectrum disorders are a complex group of neurodevelopmental disorders which are characterized by impairments in social interactions and both verbal and nonverbal communication. The immune system has been suggested to be of importance for the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms; for example, elevated levels of cytokines and the inflammation-related transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-B (NFKB) have been reported in autistic individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NFKB and NFKB inhibitor-like protein 1 (NFKBIL1) and autistic-like traits in a Swedish population of twins. Methods The subjects in this study (n=12426, 9-12 years old) are from “The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden” (CATSS). Their parents participated in a telephone interview where the children were assessed by the Autism-Tics, ADHD, and Other Comorbidities Inventory (A-TAC) where autistic-like traits are measured using a continuous scale. DNA was extracted from saliva samples and polymorphisms were genotyped. Statistical analyses were performed in the SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC) softwear. Results Four out of the five investigated SNPs (NFKB: rs4648022; NFKBIL1: rs2230365, 2239797 and rs2857605) showed significant associations with the A-TAC total autistic-like traits score. Conclusions To our best knowledge, polymorphisms in the genes encoding NFKB and NFKBIL1 have not been studied previously in relation to autism. These proteins may be involved in neuronal development and our findings support the hypothesis of the immune system being important in the aetiology of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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