| 1. |
- Alabaf, Setareh, et al.
(författare)
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Correction to : Physical health in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of autism and developmental disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0162-3257 .- 1573-3432. ; 49:1, s. 96-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in Fig. 2 part labels, the label "d" was incorrectly labelled as "c" and the subsequent labels should be corrected as d, e, and f. The corrected Fig. 2 is given below.
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| 2. |
- Alabaf, Setareh, et al.
(författare)
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Physical health in children with neurodevelopmental disorders
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of autism and developmental disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0162-3257 .- 1573-3432. ; 49:1, s. 83-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With increasing numbers of children being diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) attention has been drawn to these children's physical health. We aimed to identify the prevalence of defined physical problems (epilepsy, migraine, asthma, cancer, diabetes, psoriasis, lactose intolerance, celiac disease, diarrhea, constipation, daytime enuresis, encopresis) in a nationwide population of 9- and 12-year-old twins subdivided into those with and without indications of NDDs. Parents of 28,058 twins participated in a well-validated telephone interview regarding their children's mental health and answered questions about their physical problems. The results indicate a high rate of physical problems in children with NDDs, particularly in those with indications of the presence of combinations of several NDDs.
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| 3. |
- Anckarsäter, Henrik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Child neurodevelopmental and behavioural problems are intercorrelated and dimensionally distributed in the general population
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Open Psychiatry Journal. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1874-3544. ; 2, s. 5-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Autism – Tics, AD/HD, and other Comorbidities inventory (A-TAC) is a comprehensive interview for evaluating problems related to autism spectrum disorders (ASD), tic disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), and common comorbid conditions in children and adolescents. A-TAC telephone interviews were administered to parents of 2,957 children aged nine- or twelve-years, representing one in each twin pair included in the population- based Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS). A total of 16.4% were screen-positive for one or several of the targeted disorder, 1.3% for ASD and 5.6% for AD/HD. All types of problems were more common among boys, with the exception of those related to “eating habits”. They were all dimensionally/continuously distributed, highly inter-correlated, and overlapped across types. They aggregated in three ba- sic factors corresponding to externalizing/disruptiveness, socio-communicative problems, and compulsiveness. Population-based data on problems in children thus challenge current categorical diagnostic definitions, calling for dimen- sional and complementary models of problem descriptions.
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| 4. |
- Anckarsäter, Henrik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS).
- 2011
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Ingår i: Twin Research and Human Genetics. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1832-4274 .- 1839-2628. ; 14:6, s. 495-508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) is an ongoing longitudinal twin study targeting all twins born in Sweden since July 1, 1992. Since 2004, parents of twins are interviewed regarding the children's somatic and mental health and social environment in connection with their 9th or 12th birthdays (CATSS-9/12). By January 2010, 8,610 parental interviews concerning 17,220 twins had been completed, with an overall response rate of 80%. At age 15 (CATSS-15) and 18 (CATSS-18), twins and parents complete questionnaires that, in addition to assessments of somatic and mental health, include measures of personality development and psychosocial adaptation. Twin pairs in CATSS-9/12 with one or both twins screening positive for autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, tic disorders, developmental coordination disorder, learning disorders, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and/or eating problems have been followed with in-depth questionnaires on family, social environment and personality, and subsequently by clinical assessments at age 15 together with randomly selected population controls, including 195 clinically assessed twin pairs from the first 2 year cohorts (CATSS-15/DOGSS). This article describes the cohorts and study groups, data collection, and measures used. Prevalences, distributions, heritability estimates, ages at onset, and sex differences of mental health problems in the CATSS-9/12, that were analyzed and found to be overall comparable to those of other clinical and epidemiological studies. The CATSS study has the potential of answering important questions on the etiology of childhood mental health problems and their role in the development of later adjustment problems.
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| 5. |
- Arvidsson, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Secular changes in the symptom level of clinically diagnosed autism.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines. - : Wiley. - 1469-7610 .- 0021-9630. ; 59:7, s. 744-751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of autism has been reported to have increased worldwide. A decrease over time in the number of autism symptoms required for a clinical autism diagnosis would partly help explain this increase. This study aimed to determine whether the symptom level of clinically diagnosed autism cases below age 13 had changed over time.Parents of Swedish 9-year old twins (n=28,118) participated in a telephone survey, in which symptoms and dysfunction/suffering related to neurodevelopmental disorders [including autism, but also attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), and Learning Disabilities (LD)] in their children were assessed over a 10-year period. Survey data was merged with the National Patient Register containing clinically registered autism diagnoses (n=271).In individuals who had been clinically diagnosed with autism before the age of 13, the symptom score for autism decreased on average 30% over more than a decade in birth cohorts 1992-2002. There was an average decrease of 50% in the autism symptom score from 2004 to 2014 in individuals who were diagnosed with autism at ages 7-12, but there was no decrease in those diagnosed at ages 0-6.Over time, considerably fewer autism symptoms seemed to be required for a clinical diagnosis of autism, at least for those diagnosed after the preschool years. The findings add support for the notion that the observed increase in autism diagnoses is, at least partly, the by-product of changes in clinical practice, and flag up the need for working in agreement with best practice guidelines.
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| 6. |
- Dinkler, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Anorexia nervosa and autism: a prospective twin cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. - : Wiley. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 62:3, s. 316-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be phenotypically and etiologically linked. However, due to the absence of prospective studies, it remains unclear whether the elevation of autistic traits in AN is evident in early childhood. Here, we prospectively investigated autistic traits before and after the first diagnosis of AN. Methods: In a population-based sample of 5,987 individuals (52.4% female) from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, parents reported autistic traits at ages 9 and 18. AN and ASD diagnoses were retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Register. In addition, AN diagnoses were ascertained by parent-reported treatment for AN. We compared whether individuals with and without AN differed in autistic traits before the first diagnosis of AN (age 9) and after the first diagnosis of AN (age 18). Results: We did not find evidence for elevated autistic traits in 9-year-old children later diagnosed with AN. At age 18, however, there was a marked elevation in restricted/repetitive behavior and interests, but only in the subgroup of individuals with acute AN. A less pronounced elevation was observed for social communication problems. Conclusions: Coping strategies in individuals with ASD and the somewhat different female ASD phenotype may explain why we did not find elevated autistic traits in children who later developed AN. Alternatively, it is possible that elevated autistic traits were not present prior to the onset of AN, thus questioning the previously reported elevated prevalence of ASD in AN. Future studies should use tailored measurements in order to investigate whether autistic traits in individuals with AN are best conceptualized as an epiphenomenon of the acute AN phase or whether these symptoms indeed represent ASD as a clinically verifiable neurodevelopmental disorder.
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| 7. |
- Dinkler, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Association of etiological factors across the extreme end and continuous variation in disordered eating in female Swedish twins
- 2021
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Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 51:5, s. 750-760
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundAccumulating evidence suggests that many psychiatric disorders etiologically represent the extreme end of dimensionally distributed features rather than distinct entities. The extent to which this applies to eating disorders (EDs) is unknown.MethodsWe investigated if there is similar etiology in (a) the continuous distribution of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), (b) the extremes of EDI-2 score, and (c) registered ED diagnoses, in 1481 female twin pairs at age 18 years (born 1992-1999). EDI-2 scores were self-reported at age 18. ED diagnoses were identified through the Swedish National Patient Register, parent-reported treatment and/or self-reported purging behavior of a frequency and duration consistent with DSM-IV criteria. We differentiated between anorexia nervosa (AN) and other EDs.ResultsThe heritability of the EDI-2 score was 0.65 (95% CI 0.61-0.68). The group heritabilities in DeFries-Fulker extremes analyses were consistent over different percentile-based extreme groups [0.59 (95% CI 0.37-0.81) to 0.65 (95% CI 0.55-0.75)]. Similarly, the heritabilities in liability threshold models were consistent over different levels of severity. In joint categorical-continuous models, the twin-based genetic correlation was 0.52 (95% CI 0.39-0.65) between EDI-2 score and diagnoses of other EDs, and 0.26 (95% CI 0.08-0.42) between EDI-2 score and diagnoses of AN. The non-shared environmental correlations were 0.52 (95% CI 0.32-0.70) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.38-0.79), respectively.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that some EDs can partly be conceptualized as the extreme manifestation of continuously distributed ED features. AN, however, might be more distinctly genetically demarcated from ED features in the general population than other EDs.
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| 8. |
- Dinkler, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Maltreatment-associated neurodevelopmental disorders : a co-twin control analysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Childhood maltreatment (CM) is strongly associated with psychiatric disorders in childhood and adulthood. Previous findings suggest that the association between CM and psychiatric disorders is partly causal and partly due to familial confounding, but few studies have investigated the mechanisms behind the association between CM and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Our objective was to determine whether maltreated children have an elevated number of NDDs and whether CM is a risk factor for an increased NDD 'load' and increased NDD symptoms when controlling for familial effects. METHODS: We used a cross-sectional sample from a population-representative Swedish twin study, comprising 8,192 nine-year-old twins born in Sweden between 1997 and 2005. CM was defined as parent-reported exposure to emotional abuse/neglect, physical neglect, physical abuse, and/or sexual abuse. Four NDDs were measured with the Autism-Tics, AD/HD, and other comorbidities inventory. RESULTS: Maltreated children had a greater mean number of NDDs than nonmaltreated children. In a co-twin control design, CM-discordant monozygotic twins did not differ significantly for their number of NDDs, suggesting that CM is not associated with an increased load of NDDs when genetic and shared environmental factors are taken into account. However, CM was associated with a small increase in symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in CM-discordant MZ twins, although most of the covariance of CM with NDD symptoms was explained by common genetic effects. CONCLUSIONS: Maltreated children are at higher risk of having multiple NDDs. Our findings are, however, not consistent with the notion that CM causes the increased NDD load in maltreated children. Maltreated children should receive a full neurodevelopmental assessment, and clinicians should be aware that children with multiple NDDs are at higher risk of maltreatment.
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| 9. |
- Doering, Sabrina, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood-onset versus adolescent-onset anxiety and depression: Epidemiological and neurodevelopmental aspects.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Psychiatry research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7123 .- 0165-1781. ; 312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anxiety and depression are common in youth and are frequently accompanied by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is unclear how common ADHD, ASD, and other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs, i.e., ADHD, ASD, developmental coordination disorder, learning disorder, and tic disorders) are in children versus adolescents with anxiety and depression. We aimed to delineate whether different anxiety/depression age-of-onset groups show distinguishable NDD patterns. The study was based on 4492 twins born in Sweden between 1998 and 2003 from the nation-wide population-based Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. Prevalence and odds ratios were calculated using screening measures of anxiety and depression at ages 9 and 15, and NDDs at age 9. Individuals with childhood-onset anxiety/depression had a substantially higher NDD prevalence compared to individuals with adolescent-onset anxiety/depression. Highest prevalence was found for individuals with anxiety/depression both in childhood and adolescence. In this group, individuals also had substantially higher odds of having at least one NDD (14.7, 95% CI 6.3 - 34.0) compared to individuals without anxiety/depression. This emphasizes the need to further investigate the etiology of childhood and adolescent anxiety/depression, as they most likely represent different constructs depending on age-of-onset, lending support for possibly different treatment approaches.
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| 10. |
- Doering, Sabrina, et al.
(författare)
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Internalizing and neurodevelopmental problems in young people: Educational outcomes in a large population-based cohort of twins
- 2021
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2021 The Authors Adolescent internalizing problems such as anxiety and depression have been associated with subsequent educational underachievement. However, it has not been investigated if the association is accounted for by neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs, i.e., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, developmental coordination disorder, tic disorder, learning disorder). This study is the first to describe the relationship between internalizing problems at age 15 and educational outcomes in later adolescence while controlling for a wide range of NDDs in childhood, and applying a genetically sensitive design. We used the nation-wide population-based Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, comprising 4997 fifteen-year-old Swedish twins born between 1994 and 1998. Internalizing problems and NDDs were measured with parental report. Educational outcomes were merit rating and upper secondary education eligibility, retrieved from the National School Register. Internalizing problems at age 15 were found to be negatively associated with educational outcomes in later adolescence. Additive genetics accounted for 89% of the covariation between internalizing problems and merit rating, out of which roughly half were unique genetic effects of internalizing problems and the remaining half due to NDDs. In conclusion, internalizing problems form an important risk factor for subsequent educational underachievement, going beyond the risk conferred by childhood NDDs.
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