| 1. |
- Ganiban, Jody M., et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the Role of Personality in Explaining Associations Between Marital Quality and Parenting
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Family Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0893-3200 .- 1939-1293. ; 23:5, s. 646-660
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analyses assessed the degrees to which personality accounts for associations between marital quality and parenting and mediates genetic contributions to these relationships. Participants included 318 male and 544 female same-sex twin pairs from the Twin and Offspring Study in Sweden. All twins completed self-report measures of marital quality and personality (anxiousness, aggression, sociability). Composite measures of parent negativity and warmth were derived from the twins' and their adolescent children's ratings of the twins' disciplinary styles and the emotional tone of the parent-child relationship. Observational ratings of marital quality and parenting were also obtained for a subset of twins. Personality characteristics explained 33% to 42% of the covariance between reported marital quality and parenting and 26% to 28% of the covariance between observed marital quality and parenting. For both sets of analyses, personality accounted for more than half of the genetic contributions to covariance between marital quality and parenting. Results indicate that personality significantly contributes to associations between marital quality and parenting and that personality is an important path through which genetic factors contribute to family relationships.
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| 2. |
- Hansson, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Individual resiliency factors from a genetic perspective: results from a twin study.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Family Process. - : Wiley. - 0014-7370 .- 1545-5300. ; 47:4, s. 537-551
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is part of the Twin Mother's Study, a study that examines influences on maternal adjustment. A number of studies have investigated the importance of genetic factors for mental health, but few of these examine how genes and the environment influence resiliency/salutogenic factors. This article investigates the relative importance of genetic and environmental influences on resiliency/salutogenic factors. This study includes 326 twin pairs (150 monozygotic and 176 dizygotic) who are mothers, who are living with their spouse, and who are part of the Swedish twin register. Using self-report structured questionnaires, we assessed salutogenic factors, depression, and quality of life; however, we analyzed the questionnaires completed by the mothers. Statistical analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling. We conclude that nonshared environmental components were of principal importance in individual resiliency/salutogenic factors in a genetically informative design, but we also noted that genetic influences were important. The shared environment had mainly no effect.
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| 3. |
- Lichtenstein, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Remembered Parental Bonding in Adult Twins: Genetic and Environmental Influences
- 2003
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Ingår i: Behavior Genetics. - 0001-8244. ; 33:4, s. 397-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One common assumption in psychology is the impact of parenting and parent-child relationships on the child's adjustment throughout the life span. Studies have indicated that there are genetic influences on memories of parenting, but how these influences are mediated has not typically been investigated. A sample of 150 pairs of monozygotic and 176 pairs of dizygotic Swedish twin women reported on personal characteristics and on remembered relationships with their mother and father using the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). Quantitative genetic analyses showed moderate genetic influences for remembered parental warmth, which also was partly explained by genetic influences for optimism, aggression, and humor. The other two PBI scales, authoritarianism and protectiveness, showed only shared and nonshared environmental influences. One interpretation of the findings is that heritable personal characteristics of children elicit parental warmth. However, other explanations such as personality characteristics influencing how experiences with parents are interpreted or circumstances in adult life that affect the recall of experiences could not be ruled out.
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| 4. |
- Neiderhiser, Jenae M., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and Environmental Influences on Mothering of Adolescents: A Comparison of Two Samples
- 2004
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Ingår i: Developmental Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0012-1649 .- 1939-0599. ; 40:3, s. 335-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined 2 samples of adolescents and mothers using a child-based design (Nonshared Environment in Adolescent Development [NEAD] project, N = 395 families) and a parent-based design (Twin Moms [TM] project, N = 236 twin family pairs) to compare genetic and environmental influences on mothering. For both samples, the same measures of positivity, negativity, control, and monitoring were used. The use of matched child-based and parent-based samples enabled passive and nonpassive genotype-environment (GE) correlations to be approximated, providing information about process. Passive GE correlations were suggested for mother's positivity and monitoring. For mother's negativity and control, primarily nonpassive GE correlations were suggested. In several cases, both types of GE correlation were indicated. Finally, observer ratings of negativity and monitoring were influenced only by environmental factors.
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| 5. |
- Reiss, David, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic probes of three theories of maternal adjustment: I. Recent evidence and a model
- 2001
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Ingår i: Family Process. - : Wiley. - 0014-7370 .- 1545-5300. ; 40:3, s. 247-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies focusing on genetic and social influences on maternal adjustment will illumine mother's marriage, parenting, and the development of psychopathology in her children. Recent behavioral genetic research suggests mechanisms by which genetic and social influences determine psychological development and adjustment. First, heritable, personal attributes may influence individuals' relationships with their family members. These genetically influenced family patterns may amplify the effects of adverse, heritable personal attributes on adjustment. Second, influences unique to siblings may be the most important environmental determinants of adjustment. We derive three hypotheses on maternal adjustment from integrating these findings from genetic studies with other contemporary research on maternal adjustment. First, mother's marriage mediates the influence of her heritable, personal attributes on her adjustment. Second, mother's recall of how she was parented is partially genetically influenced, and both her relationships with her spouse and her child mediate the impact of these genetically influenced representations on, her current adjustment. Third, characteristics of mother's spouse are important influences on difference between her adjustment and that of her sister's. These sibling-specific influences are unrelated to mother's heritable attributes. The current article develops this model, and the companion article describes the Twin Mom Study that was designed to test it as well, as its first findings. Data from this study can illumine the role of family process in the expression of genetic influence and lead to specific family interventions designed to offset adverse genetic influences.
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| 6. |
- Reiss, David, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic probes of three theories of maternal adjustment: II. Genetic and environmental influences
- 2001
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Ingår i: Family Process. - : Wiley. - 0014-7370 .- 1545-5300. ; 40:3, s. 261-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is the first report of the Twin Mom Study, an investigation. of three hypotheses concerning influences on maternal adjustment. These hypotheses concern the role of the marital and parent-child relationships in mediating genetic influences on maternal adjustment and on the importance of the mothers' marital partners as a specifiable source of influences on their adjustment not shared with their sisters. The study's sample of 150 monozygotic (MZ) twins and 176 dizygotic (DZ) twins was drawn randomly from the Swedish Twin Registry and is, with some small exceptions, likely to be representative of women in the Swedish population. The sample included the marital partners of these twins and their adolescent children. Self-report and coded videotapes were a source of information about family process. Results reported in this first report focus on comparability of American and Swedish samples on scales measuring psychiatric symptoms, and on an analysis of genetic and environmental influences on nine measures of mothers' adjustment. Results suggest comparability between the US and Sweden. Genetic influences were found for all measures of adjustment, particularly in the psychological manifestations of anxiety and for smoking. The pattern of findings also underscored the importance of influences unique to each sibling within the twin pair, thus focusing attention on the potential role of marital partners in maternal adjustment. Results also suggested that experiences shared by the twin sisters, experiences unrelated to their genetic similarity, may influence their fearfulness and alcohol consumption. Our model did not include these influences and thus must be amended.
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| 7. |
- Spotts, Erica L., et al.
(författare)
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Accounting for depressive symptoms in women: a twin study of associations with interpersonal relationships
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 1573-2517 .- 0165-0327. ; 82:1, s. 101-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: This study examined how interpersonal relationships, specifically marital quality and adequacy of social support, are associated with depressive symptoms among women. Methods: A sample of 326 female monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs and their spouses was drawn from the Swedish Twin Registry. Associations among the three variables were evaluated by comparing similarities among monozygotic and dizygotic female twin pairs. Results: Interpersonal relationships contributed between 18% and 31% of the variance for depressive symptoms in women. Associations among the three variables were accounted for by genetic influences when women's reports were used. Non-shared environmental influences were important for the association between marital quality and depressive symptoms when a combination of husband and wife reports of marital quality were used. Limitations: The data is cross-sectional and the generalizability of these findings to depressive symptoms in men or to individuals with major depression is not clear. Conclusions: These findings indicate important associations among marital quality, social support and depressive symptoms in women, which should be taken into consideration for prevention and intervention strategies targeting depression.
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| 8. |
- Spotts, Erica L., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and Environmental Influences on Marital Relationships
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Family Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0893-3200 .- 1939-1293. ; 18:1, s. 107-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As most adults will marry at least once during their lifetime, studying marital quality and its predictors is of great importance. The current study addresses (a) the extent of agreement between husbands and wives on their marital quality, (b) genetic and environmental sources of individual differences on spouse reports of marital quality, and (c) the extent to which genetic and environmental influences account for overlap of spouse reports on marital quality. Adult Swedish twin women and their partners participated in this study. Genotype-environment (GE) correlations were found for marital quality, suggesting that wives' genetically influenced characteristics set a tone for the marriage. Wives' genetically influenced characteristics also accounted for overlap of spouse reports of marital quality. Finally, nonshared environmental influences were the primary contributor to both individual reports and the overlap of spouse reports, an interesting deviation from findings of behavior genetic studies of other types of relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved)
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| 9. |
- Spotts, Erica L., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Effects on Women's Positive Mental Health: Do Marital Relationships and Social Support Matter?
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Family Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0893-3200 .- 1939-1293. ; 19:3, s. 339-349
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Interpersonal relationships are important factors in mental health. A genetically sensitive design was used to examine associations among marital quality, adequacy of social support, and 2 aspects of positive mental health in a sample of 652 Swedish twin women and their families. There were 3 main findings. First, the covariance between relationships and positive mental health was partially accounted for by common genetic variance. Second, nonshared environmental influences played a substantial role in the covariance among the 3 constructs, with evidence for husbands being a source of this influence. Finally, different patterns of associations were found between relationships and 2 aspects of mental health, well-being and global self-worth, which shows how seemingly similar constructs can be differentially associated with relationships. Together, these findings emphasize the importance of genetically informed studies in family research and the role of the environment and interpersonal relationships in promoting and improving mental health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved)
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| 10. |
- Yuh, Jongil, et al.
(författare)
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Temperament and Character Associated With Depressive Symptoms in Women: Analysis of Two Genetically Informative Samples
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0021-9762 .- 1097-4679. ; 65:9, s. 906-924
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although previous research has explored associations between personality and depressive symptoms, a limited number of studies have assessed the extent to which genetic and environmental influences explain the association. This study investigated how temperament and character were associated with depressive symptoms in 131 pairs of twin and sibling women in early adulthood, as well as 326 pairs of twin women in middle adulthood. Results indicated that genetic influences accounted for a moderate to substantial percentage of the association between these personality features and depressive symptoms, emphasizing the role of genetic influences. Nonshared environmental influences made important contributions to the association between character and depressive symptoms, particularly in the sample of middle-aged twin women. These findings suggest that unique social experiences and relationships with a partner in adulthood may play an important role in these associations between character and depressive symptoms. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65:906-924, 2009.
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