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- Björklund, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Different metabolic predictors of white-coat and sustained hypertension over a 20-year follow-up period : a population-based study of elderly men
- 2002
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Ingår i: Circulation. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 106:1, s. 63-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background— The clinical significance of white-coat hypertension is still unclear. Moreover, no study has examined metabolic predictors of white-coat versus sustained hypertension. Methods and Results— We investigated men (n=602) in a longitudinal population-based cohort who at age 70 years were identified as normotensive, white-coat hypertensive (office blood pressure [BP] ≥140/90 and daytime ambulatory BP <135/85 mm Hg), and sustained hypertensive (office BP ≥140/90 and daytime ambulatory BP ≥135/85 mm Hg). At baseline, when the subjects were aged 50 years, blood glucose, insulin, lipids, and fatty acid composition of the serum cholesterol esters were analyzed. The investigations at age 70 years included determination of insulin sensitivity and target organ damage. At age 50 years, individuals who 20 years later were identified as white-coat hypertensive or sustained hypertensive showed significantly elevated BP, heart rate, and impaired glucose tolerance compared with normotensive subjects but white coat hypertensive subjects were leaner and had a more favorable serum cholesterol ester fatty acid profile than did sustained hypertensive subjects. At age 70 years, both white-coat and sustained hypertensive subjects showed an impaired insulin sensitivity, elevated blood glucose, and increased serum insulin and heart rate compared with normotensive subjects, but left ventricular mass and urinary albumin excretion were increased only in sustained hypertensive subjects. Conclusions— These findings indicate that although metabolic abnormalities and elevated heart rate were consistent over time in both hypertensive groups, a lower body mass index and more favorable dietary fat composition predicted the development of white-coat as opposed to sustained hypertension over 20 years.
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| 3. |
- Björklund, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Isolated ambulatory hypertension predicts cardiovascular morbidity in elderly men
- 2003
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Ingår i: Circulation. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 107:9, s. 1297-302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background— Little is known about isolated ambulatory hypertension, a state with elevated ambulatory but normal office blood pressure (BP). This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of isolated ambulatory hypertension for cardiovascular morbidity in a population of elderly men.Methods and Results— At baseline, 24-hour ambulatory BP and metabolic and cardiac risk profiles were evaluated in 578 untreated 70-year-old men, participants of a population-based cohort. Subjects with isolated ambulatory hypertension (office BP <140/90 and daytime BP ≥135/85) and sustained hypertension (office BP ≥140/90 and daytime BP ≥135/85) had increased plasma glucose, body mass index, and echocardiographically determined left ventricular relative wall thickness compared with normotensive subjects (office BP <140/90 and daytime BP <135/85). Seventy-two cardiovascular morbid events (2.37 per 100 person-years at risk) occurred over 8.4 years of follow-up. The prognostic value of isolated ambulatory and sustained hypertension was assessed with Cox proportional hazard regression. Multivariate models adjusting for serum cholesterol, smoking, and diabetes demonstrated that both isolated ambulatory hypertension (hazard ratio [HR], 2.77; 95% CI, 1.15 to 6.68) and sustained hypertension (HR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.49 to 5.82) were independent predictors of cardiovascular morbidity. In a multivariate model with continuous BP variables, ambulatory daytime systolic BP (HR for 1 SD increase, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.97) was associated with an adverse outcome independently of office systolic BP.Conclusions— In the present study, isolated ambulatory hypertension as well as sustained hypertension predicted cardiovascular morbidity. The findings suggest that 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring may disclose important prognostic information also in subjects characterized as normotensive according to office BP.
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- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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The stroke volume/pulse pressure ratio predicts coronary heart disease mortality in a population of elderly men.
- 2004
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Ingår i: J Hypertens. - 0263-6352. ; 22:5, s. 899-905
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The stroke volume to pulse pressure ratio (SV/PP), a measure of total arterial compliance, predicts adverse cardiovascular events in hypertensive subjects. The relations to cardiovascular risk factors and its predictive capacity in the general population are not known. METHOD AND RESULTS: In 1970-73, all 50-year-old men living in Uppsala County, Sweden, were invited to a health survey assessing cardiovascular risk factors. At a reinvestigation 20 years later, 470 subjects underwent an echocardiographic examination, hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp, oral glucose tolerance test and measurements of blood pressure and lipids. They were thereafter followed for a median of 7.2 years. Serum triglycerides and post-load glucose and insulin levels at age 50 were predictors of SV/PP ratio measured 20 years later (P < 0.05-0.001). At age 70, SV/PP was related to serum non-esterified fatty acids, post-load glucose and insulin levels and insulin sensitivity (P < 0.05-0.001). SV/PP was reduced in subjects with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH, P < 0.01), and in subjects with a low E-wave to A-wave (E/A) ratio (P < 0.001). The SV/PP ratio predicted mortality from coronary heart disease [hazard ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.30-0.97 for a one standard deviation (1SD) increase in ln(SV/PP)] independently of left ventricular mass and other major cardiovascular risk factors. Pulse pressure or total peripheral resistance were not significant predictors for future mortality from coronary heart disease. CONCLUSION: The SV/PP ratio was related to main components of the insulin resistance syndrome, concentric LVH and a low E/A ratio. Furthermore, the SV/PP ratio was an independent predictor of mortality from coronary heart disease in a community-based sample of men aged 70.
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| 8. |
- Sundström, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Dyslipidemia and an unfavorable fatty acid profile predict left ventricular hypertrophy 20 years later
- 2001
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Ingår i: Circulation. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 103:6, s. 836-841
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:-Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a common risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Causes other than hypertension have not previously been investigated longitudinally. The aim of the present study was to determine hemodynamic, metabolic, and psychosocial predictors at 50 years of age for the prevalence of echocardiographic LVH and geometric subtypes at age 70 by use of a large sample of men from the general population followed up for 20 years. Methods and Results-In 1970 to 1973, all men born from 1920 to 1924 and residing in Uppsala County, Sweden, were invited to participate in a health survey aimed at identifying risk factors for cardiovascular disease. At a reinvestigation 20 years later, echocardiographic left ventricular mass index was determined in 475 subjects. A 1-SD increase in body mass index, systolic or diastolic blood pressure, fasting LDL/HDL cholesterol, serum triglycerides, or the serum cholesterol ester proportion of several saturated fatty acids or oleic acid at age 50 significantly increased the odds of having LVH at age 70 by 27% to 41%, whereas an increase in linoleic acid proportion was protective. Almost all metabolic predictors were independent of ischemic heart disease, valvular disease, and use of antihypertensive medication at age 70. CONCLUSIONS:-Dyslipidemia and indices of a low dietary intake of linoleic acid and high intake of saturated and monounsaturated fats, as well as hypertension and obesity, at age 50 predicted the prevalence of LVH 20 years later in this prospective longitudinal cohort study, thereby suggesting that lipids may be important in the origin of LVH.
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- Sundström, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic diagnoses of left ventricular hypertrophy predict mortality independently of each other in a population of elderly men.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Circulation. - 1524-4539. ; 103:19, s. 2346-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:The increased risk associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) diagnosed echocardiographically (Echo-LVH) or electrocardiographically (ECG-LVH) is well known, but the clinically relevant question of how much additional prognostic information would be provided by echocardiographically assessing LVH if a subject's ECG-LVH and hypertension status are known has not been addressed. Methods and RESULTS:We investigated whether Echo-LVH and ECG-LVH predicted total and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity independently of each other and of other cardiovascular risk factors by using a population-based sample of 475 men investigated at age 70 with a median follow-up time of 5.2 years. Echocardiographic left ventricular mass index (LVMI) predicted total mortality (hazards ratio [HR] 1.44, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.92, for a 1-SD increase in LVMI) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.38, 95% CI 1.52 to 3.73) independently of ECG-LVH and other cardiovascular risk factors. ECG-LVH, defined as Cornell product >244 microV. s, predicted total mortality (HR 2.89, 95% CI 1.41 to 5.96) independently of LVMI and other cardiovascular risk factors. Thus, Echo-LVH and ECG-LVH provided complementary prognostic information, especially in hypertensive subjects. CONCLUSIONS:Echo-LVH and ECG-LVH predict mortality independently of each other and of other cardiovascular risk factors, implying that Echo-LVH and ECG-LVH in part carry different prognostic information. Therefore, to fully assess the increased risk associated with these conditions, both ECG and echocardiography should be performed.
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| 10. |
- Sundström, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Left ventricular concentric remodeling rather than left ventricular hypertrophy is related to the insulin resistance syndrome in elderly men.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Circulation. - 1524-4539. ; 101:22, s. 2595-600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Associations between left ventricular (LV) geometry and the insulin resistance syndrome have been found, mostly in small studies of middle-aged hypertensives. The purpose of this study was to elucidate these associations through the use of a large sample of elderly men. METHODS AND RESULTS: We investigated 475 men (157 hypertensives) 71 years of age who were attending a population-based health survey in Uppsala County with echocardiography, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, and lipid and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. LV relative wall thickness was significantly related to clamp insulin sensitivity index (r=-0.14), fasting insulin, 32-33 split proinsulin, triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids, OGTT glucose and insulin levels, waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, 24-hour blood pressure, and heart rate (r=0.10 to 0.22). Only 24-hour systolic pressure (r=0. 15), OGTT 2-hour insulin (r=-0.10), and heart rate (r=-0.14) were significantly related to LV mass index. Comparing subjects with various LV geometry (normal, concentric remodeling and concentric and eccentric hypertrophy) showed that 24-hour heart rate, OGTT glucose and insulin levels, waist-to-hip ratio, and body mass index were significantly higher (P<0.001 to 0.05) and clamp insulin sensitivity index was significantly lower (P<0.01) in the concentric remodeling geometry group than in the normal LV geometry group. The 24-hour blood pressure was significantly higher in the concentric hypertrophy group than in the normal LV geometry group (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Several components of the insulin resistance syndrome were related to thick LV walls and concentric remodeling but less to LV hypertrophy in this population-based sample of elderly men.
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