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| 2. |
- Penell, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Persistent organic pollutants are related to the change in circulating lipid levels during a 5 year follow-up
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 134, s. 190-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When reporting circulating levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), usually lipid-normalized values are given. However, animal experiments and some human data indicate that exposure to POPs may change lipid values. The aim of the present study is to investigate if POP levels can predict future changes in levels of circulating lipids. In the population-based Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study, lipids were measured at age 70 and at age 75 in 598 subjects without lipid-lowering medication. Twenty-three different POPs, including 16 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), five organochlorine pesticides, one dioxin (OCDD) and one flame retardant brominated compound (BDE47) were analyzed by high-resolution chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) at age 70. Strong relationships were seen among the baseline levels of the non-dioxin-like PCBs 194, 206 and 209 and the degree of increase in total serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol during the 5 year follow-up. These relationships were generally stronger when lipidnormalized levels were used compared to wet-weight based levels. On the contrary, for two of the pesticides, hexachlorobenzene and trans-nonachlordane, levels were inversely related to the change in LDL-cholesterol, with strongest associations found using wet-weight based levels. PCBs 194, 206 and 209 were inversely related to the change in HDL-cholesterol, in particular for wet-weight based levels. However, these relationships were only significant for wet-weight PCB 194 following adjustment for multiple testing. None of the POPs was related to the change in serum triglycerides. When investigating the association between the change in total serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol across different categories of change in BMI, we noted robust results especially in the group with stable BMI, suggesting that the observed relationships were not due to fluctuations in BMI over time. In conclusion, POPs are related to the change in lipids over time, especially LDL-cholesterol. This may explain why POP exposure previously has been linked to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
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| 3. |
- Roos, Vendela, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating Levels of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Relation to Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue by Abdominal MRI
- 2013
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 21:2, s. 413-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We and others have shown relationships between circulating levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and different measures of obesity in both cross-sectional and prospective studies. Since viscerally located fat seems to be the most harmful type, we investigated whether plasma POP levels were more closely related to visceral adipose tissue (VAT) than to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT).Design and Methods: Thousand hundred and sixteen subjects aged 70 years were investigated in the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study; 23 POPs were analyzed using high-resolution gas chromatography/ high-resolution mass spectrometry. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging, measuring VAT and SAT, respectively, was performed in a representative subsample of 287 subjects.Results: The less chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners (105 and 118), and the pesticides dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and trans-nonachlordane (TNC) were positively related to both VAT and SAT, whereas the more highly chlorinated PCBs (153, 156, 157, 169, 170, 180, 194, 206, and 209) were inversely related to both VAT and SAT. PCB189 was related to the VAT/SAT ratio in an inverted U-shaped manner (P = 0.0008).Conclusions: In conclusion, the results were in accordance with our previous studies using waist circumference and fat mass as obesity measure. However, the novel finding that PCB189 was related to the VAT/SAT ratio deserves further investigation since exposure to this PCB congener, which has previously been linked to diabetes development, might thereby play a role in the distribution of abdominal adipose tissue.
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| 4. |
- Roos, Vendela, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating Levels of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Relation to Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue by Abdominal MRI
- 2013
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 21:2, s. 413-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We and others have shown relationships between circulating levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and different measures of obesity in both cross-sectional and prospective studies. Since viscerally located fat seems to be the most harmful type, we investigated whether plasma POP levels were more closely related to visceral adipose tissue (VAT) than to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Thousand hundred and sixteen subjects aged 70 years were investigated in the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study; 23 POPs were analyzed using high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging, measuring VAT and SAT, respectively, was performed in a representative subsample of 287 subjects. The less chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners (105 and 118), and the pesticides dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and trans-nonachlordane (TNC) were positively related to both VAT and SAT, whereas the more highly chlorinated PCBs (153, 156, 157, 169, 170, 180, 194, 206, and 209) were inversely related to both VAT and SAT. PCB189 was related to the VAT/SAT ratio in an inverted U-shaped manner (P = 0.0008). In conclusion, the results were in accordance with our previous studies using waist circumference and fat mass as obesity measure. However, the novel finding that PCB189 was related to the VAT/SAT ratio deserves further investigation since exposure to this PCB congener, which has previously been linked to diabetes development, might thereby play a role in the distribution of abdominal adipose tissue.
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| 5. |
- Sjöberg Lind, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are associated with left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction in the elderly
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 123, s. 39-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Major risk factors for congestive heart failure (CHF) are myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, smoking, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and obesity. However, since these risk factors only explain part of the risk of CHF, we investigated whether persistent organic pollutants (POPs) might also play a role.METHODS:In the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study, left ventricular ejection fraction, (EF), E/A-ratio and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), were determined by echocardiography and serum samples of 21 POPs were analyzed in serum measured by high-resolution chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) in 998 subjects all aged 70 years.RESULTS:In this cross-sectional analysis, high levels of several of the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB congeners 99, 118, 105, 138, 153, and 180) and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) were significantly related to a decreased EF. Some POPs were also related to a decreased E/A-ratio (PCBs 206 and 209). All the results were adjusted for gender, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, LVH and BMI, and subjects with myocardial infarction or atrial fibrillation were excluded from the analysis.CONCLUSIONS:Circulating levels of POPs were related to impairments in both left ventricular systolic and diastolic function independently of major congestive heart failure risk factors, suggesting a possible role of POPs in heart failure.
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| 6. |
- Sjöberg Lind, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Persistent organic pollutants and abnormal geometry of the left ventricle in the elderly
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 31:8, s. 1547-1553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Established risk factors for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. However, as these risk factors explain only part of the variation in left ventricular mass, we investigated whether persistent organic pollutants (POPs) might also play a role in LVH, because exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl 126 induced cardiac growth in rats.Methods:In the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), relative wall thickness (RWT), and geometric groups of LVH, were determined by echocardiography and 21 POPs were measured by high-resolution chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) in 1016 individuals aged 70 years. All individuals with a history of myocardial infarction were excluded from analysis (n=72).Results:Several of the POPs were related to abnormal left ventricular geometry before adjustment for established risk factors, but lost in significance following adjustment. However, the pesticide hexachlorobenzene (HCB) levels were significantly related to RWT, and concentric left ventricular remodeling, also following adjustment for sex, blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment, diabetes, and BMI (Pandlt;0.0001).Conclusion:In this cross-sectional study, circulating levels of HCB were related to increased wall thickness of the left ventricle and concentric left ventricular remodeling, independently of LVH risk factors, suggesting a role of this environmental contaminant in abnormal growth of the left ventricle.
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| 9. |
- Kumar, Jitender, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of persistent organic pollutants on oxidative stress in population-based samples
- 2014
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 114, s. 303-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a large group of chemicals widely used and produced in various industrial applications. Many cell culture/animal studies have shown that POPs can induce oxidative stress. Since such data is lacking in humans, we conducted a large population-based study to analyze associations between POPs and oxidative stress markers. We measured following POPs; 16 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 5 organochlorine (OC) pesticides, octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, and polybrominated diphenyl ether 47, and oxidative stress markers; homocysteine, reduced [GSH] and oxidized glutathione [GSSG], glutathione ratio [GSSG/GSH], total glutathione, oxidized low-density lipoprotein [ox-LDL], ox-LDL antibodies, conjugated dienes, baseline conjugated dienes of LDL, and total anti-oxidative capacity in plasma samples collected from 992 70-year old individuals (50% women) from the population-based Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) cohort. Linear regression analyses were performed to study the associations between oxidative stress markers and summary measures of POPs including the total toxic equivalence (TEQ), sums of PCBs and BC pesticides (main exposures) while adjusting for potential confounders. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, sum of PCBs showed strong associations with ox-LDL (beta = 0.94; P = 2.9 * 10(-6)). Further, sum of PCBs showed association with glutathione-related markers (GSSG: beta = 0.01; P = 6.0 *10(-7); GSSG/GSH: beta = 0.002; P = 9.7 * 10(-10)), although in reverse direction. Other summary measures did not show any significant association with these markers. In our study of elderly individuals from the general population, we show that plasma levels of POPs are associated with markers of increased oxidative stress thereby suggesting that even low dose background exposure to POPs may be involved in oxidative stress. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Kumar, Jitender, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of persistent organic pollutants on the complement system in a population-based human sample
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 71, s. 94-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Persistent organic pollutants (POPS) are toxic compounds generated through various industrial activities and have adverse effects on human health. Studies performed in cell cultures and animals have revealed that POPs can alter immune-system functioning. The complement system is part of innate immune system that helps to clear pathogens from the body. We performed a large-scale population-based study to find out associations between summary measures of different POPs and different complement system markers.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 16 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 3 organochlorine (OC) pesticides, octachloro-p-dibenzodioxin, and 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) were analyzed for their association with levels of protein complement 3 (C3), 3a (C3a), 4 (C4) and C3a/C3 ratio. A total of 992 individuals (all aged 70 years, 50% females) were recruited from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors cohort. Regression analysis adjusting for a variety of confounders was performed to study the associations of different POP exposures (total toxic equivalency value or TEQ and sum of 16 PCBs) with protein complements.Results: The TEQ values were found to be positively associated with C3a (beta = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.017-0.131, p = 0.01) and C3a/C3 ratio (beta = 0.07, 95% Cl = 0.015-0.126, p = 0.01) taking possible confounders into account. The association observed was mainly driven by PCB-126.Conclusion: In this study involving 992 elderly individuals from the general population, we showed that POPs, mainly PCB-126, were associated with levels of complement system markers indicating that the association of these toxic compounds with downstream disease could be mediated by activation of immune system. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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