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- Lukanova, Annekatrin, et al.
(författare)
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Body mass index and cancer: results from the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Cohort
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 118:2, s. 458-466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excess weight has been associated with increased risk of cancer. The effect of body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) on overall cancer risk and on risk of developing several common cancer types was examined in a population-based cohort study. Height and weight measurements were available for 35,362 women and 33,424 men recruited in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Cohort between 1985 and 2003. Among cohort members, 2,691 incident cancer cases were identified. The association of BMI with cancer risk was examined using Poisson regression. Women with BMI > 27.1 (top quartile) had a 29% higher risk of developing any malignancy compared to women with BMI of 18.5-22.2 (lowest quartile), which increased to 47% in analysis limited to nonsmokers. Analyses according to WHO cut-off points showed that obese women (BMI > or = 30) had a 36% higher risk of cancer than women with BMI in the normal range (18.5-25). Individual cancer sites most strongly related to obesity were endometrium (risk for top quartile = 3.53, 95% confidence interval 1.86-7.43), ovary (2.09, 1.13-4.13) and colon (2.05, 1.04-4.41). BMI was inversely related to breast cancer occurring before age 49 (0.58, 0.29-1.11, p(trend) < 0.04). In men, there was no association of BMI with overall cancer risk. Obese men (BMI > or = 30), however, were at increased risk of developing kidney cancer (3.63, 1.23-10.7) and, after exclusion of cases diagnosed within 1 year of recruitment, colon cancer (1.77, 1.04-2.95). Our study provides further evidence that BMI is positively associated with cancer risk. In women from northern Sweden, up to 7% of all cancers were attributable to overweight and obesity and could be avoided by keeping BMI within the recommended range.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Stattin, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Prospective study of hyperglycemia and cancer risk.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - Alexandria, Va. : American Diabetes Association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 30:3, s. 561-567
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether hyperglycemia is associated with increased cancer risk.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In the Västerbotten Intervention Project of northern Sweden, fasting and postload plasma glucose concentrations were available for 33,293 women and 31,304 men and 2,478 incident cases of cancer were identified. Relative risk (RR) of cancer for levels of fasting and postload glucose was calculated with the use of Poisson models, with adjustment for age, year of recruitment, fasting time, and smoking status. Repeated measurements 10 years after baseline in almost 10,000 subjects were used to correct RRs for random error in glucose measurements.RESULTS: Total cancer risk in women increased with rising plasma levels of fasting and postload glucose, up to an RR for the top versus bottom quartile of 1.26 (95% CI 1.09-1.47) (P(trend) <0.001) and 1.31 (1.12-1.52) (P(trend) = 0.001), respectively. Correction for random error in glucose measurements increased these risks up to 1.75 (1.32-2.36) and 1.63 (1.26-2.18), respectively. For men, corresponding uncorrected RR was 1.08 (0.92-1.27) (P(trend) = 0.25) and 0.98 (0.83-1.16) (P(trend) = 0.99), respectively. Risk of cancer of the pancreas, endometrium, urinary tract, and of malignant melanoma was statistically significantly associated with high fasting glucose with RRs of 2.49 (1.23-5.45) (P(trend) = 0.006), 1.86 (1.09-3.31) (P(trend) = 0.02), 1.69 (0.95-3.16) (P(trend) = 0.049), and 2.16 (1.14-4.35) (P(trend) = 0.01), respectively. Adjustment for BMI had no material effect on risk estimates.CONCLUSIONS: The association of hyperglycemia with total cancer risk in women and in women and men combined for several cancer sites, independently of obesity, provides further evidence for an association between abnormal glucose metabolism and cancer.
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| 4. |
- Stocks, Tanja, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Insulin resistance is inversely related to prostate cancer : a prospective study in Northern Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 120:12, s. 2678-2686
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Factors related to insulin resistance have been implicated in prostate cancer development, however, few analytical studies support such an association. We performed a case control study on 392 prostate cancer cases and 392 matched controls nested in a prospective cohort in Northern Sweden. Plasma concentrations of C-peptide, leptin, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting and post-load glucose were analysed and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) of prostate cancer. High levels of C-peptide, HOMA-IR, leptin and HbA1c were associated with significant decreases in risk of prostate cancer, with ORs for top vs. bottom quartile for C-peptide of 0.59 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.40-0.89; ptrend = 0.008), HOMA-IR 0.60 (95% CI, 0.38-0.94; ptrend = 0.03), leptin 0.55 (95% CI, 0.36-0.84; ptrend = 0.006) and HbA1c 0.56 (95% CI, 0.35-0.91; ptrend = 0.02). All studied factors were strongly inversely related to risk among men less than 59 years of age at blood sampling, but not among older men, with a significant heterogeneity between the groups for leptin (pheterogeneity = 0.006) and fasting glucose (pheterogeneity = 0.03). C-peptide and HOMA-IR were strongly inversely related to non-aggressive cancer but were non-significantly positively related to risk of aggressive disease (pheterogeneity = 0.007 and 0.01, respectively). Our data suggest that androgens, which are inversely associated with insulin resistance, are important in the early prostate cancer development, whereas insulin resistance related factors may be important for tumour progression.
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