| 1. |
- Baldanzi, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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OSA Is Associated With the Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Functional Potential in the Population-Based Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chest. - : Elsevier. - 0012-3692 .- 1931-3543. ; 164:2, s. 503-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-breathing disorder linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Intermittent hypoxia and intermittent airway obstruction, hallmarks of OSA, have been shown in animal models to induce substantial changes to the gut microbiota composition and subsequent transplantation of fecal matter to other animals induced changes in blood pressure and glucose metabolism.RESEARCH QUESTION: Does obstructive sleep apnea in adults associate with the composition and metabolic potential of the human gut microbiota?STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We used respiratory polygraphy data from up to 3,570 individuals aged 50-64 from the population-based Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study combined with deep shotgun metagenomics of fecal samples to identify cross-sectional associations between three OSA parameters covering apneas and hypopneas, cumulative sleep time in hypoxia and number of oxygen desaturation events with gut microbiota composition. Data collection about potential confounders was based on questionnaires, on-site anthropometric measurements, plasma metabolomics, and linkage with the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register.RESULTS: We found that all three OSA parameters were associated with lower diversity of species in the gut. Further, the OSA-related hypoxia parameters were in multivariable-adjusted analysis associated with the relative abundance of 128 gut bacterial species, including higher abundance of Blautia obeum and Collinsela aerofaciens. The latter species was also independently associated with increased systolic blood pressure. Further, the cumulative time in hypoxia during sleep was associated with the abundance of genes involved in nine gut microbiota metabolic pathways, including propionate production from lactate. Lastly, we observed two heterogeneous sets of plasma metabolites with opposite association with species positively and negatively associated with hypoxia parameters, respectively.INTERPRETATION: OSA-related hypoxia, but not the number of apneas/hypopneas, is associated with specific gut microbiota species and functions. Our findings lay the foundation for future research on the gut microbiota-mediated health effects of OSA.
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| 2. |
- Bales, Chris, et al.
(författare)
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European Solar Engineering School ESES : Past and Future
- 2006
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Ingår i: Eurosun 2006. - Glasgow, Scotland.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The European Solar Engineering School ESES is a one-year masters program that started in 1999 at the Solar Energy Research Center SERC, Dalarna University College. It has been growing in popularity over the years, with over 20 students in the current year. Approximately half the students come from Europe, the rest coming from all over the globe. This paper described the contents and experiences from seven years of running the programme and the plans for adapting the programme to the Bologna process. The majority of the students from ESES have found work in the solar industry, energy industry or taken up PhD positions. An alumni group has been started that actively gives support to past, present and potential future students.
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| 3. |
- Beckman, William A, et al.
(författare)
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TRNSYS, the most complete solar energy system modeling and simulation software
- 1994
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Ingår i: Renewable energy. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 5:1-4, s. 486-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The five computer programs TRNSYS, PRESIM, TRNSED, ONLINE, and PREBID have been put together into a program package which is the most complete solar energy system modeling and simulation software that is available today.
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| 4. |
- Broman, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancing the optical efficiency of a thermophotovoltaic generator using square cones in combination with interference filters
- 1998
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Ingår i: Second World Conference on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion. - Wien, Österrike.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optical efficiency is a week link in all TPV systems. Many different approaches have been studied earlier, but not much on the possibility to use interference filters. Such filters can be designed to get alsmost any desired optical performance, as long as it is allowed to use a large number of layers in the multilayer stack. In practical applications this is very often not acceptable. Nevertheless such filters can still be quite good, at least for a very narrow range of incident angles. Therefore a double-cone geometry is proposed to be used in combination with such filters. This geometry will limit the range of incident angles onto the filter, which will then act more efficiently. The influence of the geometry is evaluated by means of model experiments, and a computer program has been constructed to be able to simulate this type of geometry using ray-tracing technique.
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| 5. |
- Broman, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Optical properties of the Czechoslovakian Fresnel lens measured using a laser beam
- 1989
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Ingår i: ISES Solar World Congress. - Kobe, Japan.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Linear glass Fresnel lenses have been experimentally investigated by means of a narrow He-Ne laser beam, both at normal incidence and at various combinations of meridional and sagittal angles of incidence. Both rays incident on the flat and on the grooved side were studied. Results were compared with previous ray tracing results by Franc et al. The experiments suggest, contrary to ray tracing, that the grooves should face the sun in other than sun-tracking applications.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Broman, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Square cones for TPV: experiments and computer simulations
- 1998
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Ingår i: Fourth NREL Conference on Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Electricity. - Denver, CO, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The efficiency of a TPV generator is very dependent on selective optical properties of the chain emitter-filter-TPV cell-reflective backing. If a selective reflective edge filter using multiple reflections in dielectric layers is employed, the slope of the edge depends on the incidence angle interval. A special geometry, consisting of a double square cone between the (square) emitter and the (square) cell array, which narrows this angle interval significantly, has been constructed and investigated experimentally as well as with ray tracing analysis.
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| 9. |
- Broman, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Use of nonimaging concentrators for moderate concentration of sunlight onto PV cells
- 1989
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Ingår i: 9thy European Photovoltaics Solar Energy Conference. - Freiburg, Tyskland.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The square cornet type nonimaging concentrator has been shown useful for moderate concentration of sunlight onto photovoltaic solar cells, since it creates no hot spots at the exit aperture. In this paper are presented the mathematical formulas on which the cornet designs are based, results from computer simulations on overall cornet performance compared with measurements as well as exit aperture intensity variations, measured optical concentration ratios under controlled circumstances, and cell temperature measurements under realistic circumstances. In an Appendix are given performance curves for a large number of cornets as determined from computer simulations, covering the useful range of concentration factors and acceptance angles.
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| 10. |
- Fridlund, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Essentials of teamcare in randomized controlled trials of multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary interventions in somatic care : A systematic review
- 2015
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Ingår i: Open Journal of Nursing. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2162-5336 .- 2162-5344. ; 5:12, s. 1089-1101
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Teamcare should, like all patient care, also contribute to evidence-based practice (EBP). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on teamcare have been performed but no study has addressed its essentials. How far this EBP has progressed in different health aspects is generally established in systematic reviews of RCTs.Aim: The aim is to determine the essentials of teamcare including the nurse profession in RCTs of multi- or interdisciplinary interventions in somatic care focusing on the stated context, goals, strategies, content as well as effectiveness of quality of care.Methods: A systematic review was performed according to Cochrane review assumptions to identify, appraise and synthesize all empirical evidence meeting pre-specified eligibility criteria. The PRISMA statement guided the data selection process of 27 articles from PubMed and CINAHL.Results: Eighty-five percent of RCTs in somatic care showed a positive effectiveness of teamcare interventions, of which interdisciplinary ones showed a greater effectiveness compared with the multidisciplinary approach (100% vs 76%). Also theory-based RCTs presented higher positive effectiveness (85%) compared with non-theory-based RCTs (79%). The RCTs with positive effectiveness showed greater levels for professional-centered ambition in terms of goals and for team-directed initiatives in terms of strategy, and a significantly higher level for patient-team interaction plans in terms of content was shown.Conclusions: Teamcare RCTs are still grounded in the multidisciplinary approach having a professional-centered ambition while interdisciplinary approaches especially those that are theory-based appear to be essential with regard to positive effectiveness and preferable when person-centered careis applied.
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