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- Andersson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity and fatigue in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : A population based study
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- IntroductionDyspnea with exertion and fatigue are the cardinal symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); impaired muscle function and reduced exercise capacity are also frequently associated with COPD. We aimed to assess the physical activity levels, in a population based sample study, of subjects with and without COPD. We also aimed to investigate the factors associated with low physical activity in these groups.MethodsIn this study, 470 subjects with COPD (FEV1/FVC< 0.70) and 569 subjects without COPD (Non-COPD) were analyzed. Physical activity was assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Fatigue was investigated with the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Fatigue scale (FACIT-F). An interview questionnaire was used to record the sample characteristics and history of heart disease. Binary logistic regression was used to investigate the factors associated with low physical activity.ResultsLow physical activity was significantly more prevalent in GOLD grade ≥II COPD subjects, and this prevalence was higher than that for Non-COPD subjects (22.4 vs. 14.6%, p = 0.016). The strongest factors associated with low physical activity in COPD subjects were a history of heart disease, OR (CI 95%) 2.11 (1.10 - 4.08), and clinically significant fatigue, OR 2.33 (1.31 - 4.13); obesity was the only significant factor in Non-COPD subjects, OR 2.26 (1.17 – 4.35).ConclusionPhysical activity levels are reduced for COPD grade II and higher, and the factors associated with lower levels of physical activity are different for the COPD group compared to the Non-COPD group. We propose that measurements of fatigue and a history of heart disease are useful tools to include when screening subjects for pulmonary rehabilitation.
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- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased prevalence of moderate to severe COPD over 15 years in northern Sweden
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The burden of COPD in terms of mortality, morbidity, costs and prevalence has increased worldwide. Recent results on prevalence in Western Europe are conflicting. In Sweden smoking prevalence has steadily decreased over the past 30 years. Aim: The aim was to study changes in prevalence and risk factor patterns of COPD in the same area and within the same age-span 15 years apart.Material and methods: Two population-based cross-sectional samples in ages 23-72 years participating at examinations in 1994 and 2009, respectively, were compared in terms of COPD prevalence, severity and risk factor patterns. Two different definitions of COPD were used; FEV1/FVC1/FVC<0.7. The severity of COPD was assessed by FEV1, both as % of predicted and in relation to the LLN.Results: The prevalence of COPD decreased significantly from 9.5% to 6.3% (p=0.030) according to the FEV1/FVC1/FVC<0.7 criterion from 10.5% to 8.5% was non-significant. The prevalence of moderate to severe COPD decreased substantially and significantly, and the risk factor pattern was altered in 2009 when, beside age and smoking, also socio-economic status based on occupation was significantly associated with COPD. Conclusions: Changes in both prevalence and risk factor patterns of COPD were observed between surveys. Following a continuing decrease in smoking habits over several decades, a decrease in the prevalence of moderate to severe COPD was observed from 1994 to 2009 in northern Sweden.
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- Ekbäck, Maria [Palmetun], et al.
(författare)
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Social support and quality of life among women diagnosed with hirsutism
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Women with hirsutism report more anxiety, depression and lower quality of life. However, their social situation with a family and employment does not differ from other women. Social support is a factor that might increase quality of life in chronic diseases. Little is known about social support and skin diseases.Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the relation between health-related quality of life and social support among women with hirsutism.Methods: A questionnaire including socio-demographic questions, Short Form 36 (SF-36), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and a self-estimation of hairiness using the Ferriman-Gallway scale (F-G scale) was filled out by 127. MSPSS has three sub-scales (family, friends, significant others) and a total score, that was used for calculation.Results: Compared to a Swedish population based reference group women with hirsutism reported lower quality of life in all dimensions of SF-36 (p<0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the MSPSS and SF-36 in the initial and adjusted model.Conclusions: There is a significant positive relation between quality of life and social support, demonstrating its importance for the ability to adapt to problems associated with hirsutism. It can be postulated that social support is important for the quality of life in chronic skin diseases wich merits further investigations.
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- Eskner Skoger, Ulrika, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Betydelser av kön i svensk utvecklingspsykologi : från 80-tal till 2000-tal
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här artikeln undersöker framställningen av flickor och pojkar i svenska läroböcker i utvecklingspsykologi, och om samhällsförändringen mot ökad jämställdhet återspeglas i dessa. Utifrån ett diskurspsykologiskt och socialkonstruktionistiskt förhållningssätt har samtida läroböcker i utvecklingspsykologi jämförts med en lärobok från 1980-talet. Vi beskriver två teman i den äldre boken som återkommer i de samtida böckerna. För det första att skillnader mellan könen fortfarande utgör dominerande tankeram i beskrivningarna av barns utveckling. För det andra att kulturella aspekters inverkan på barns utveckling till stor del saknas, vilket leder till att de biologiska förklaringarna dominerar, trots tydliga intentioner hos författarna i inledningarna till böckerna att omfatta kritiska och kulturella perspektiv i den kunskap som ska förmedlas. När texten övergår till mer specifika beskrivningar av barns utveckling upphör till stor del talet om utvecklingspsykologi i relation till samhälleliga värderingar. I samband med detta tycks en värdemässig förskjutning ske. När kön beskrivs som en individuell faktor utan förankring i kultur, skapas ett företräde för att förstå skillnader mellan könen som ”av naturen givna”. När kulturella aspekter av kön och psykisk utveckling/ohälsa osynliggörs, riskerar man att stänga för tankegångar om möjligheten till förändring. Därmed riskerar man även att stänga för många jämställdhetsargument. Vi lyfter slutligen fram tanken om ”den neutrala förmedlaren” som bidragande till att denna värdemässiga förskjutning sker och lämnas så oproblematiserad i texterna.
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