| 1. |
- Blomberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic Airflow Limitation, Emphysema and Impaired Diffusing Capacity in Relation to Smoking Habits in a Swedish Middle-Aged Population.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Annals of the American Thoracic Society. - 2329-6933 .- 2325-6621.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes respiratory symptoms and chronic airflow limitation (CAL). In some cases, emphysema and impaired diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) are present, but characteristics and symptoms vary with smoking exposure.OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of CAL, emphysema and impaired DLCO in relation to smoking and respiratory symptoms in a middle-aged population.METHODS: We investigated 28,746 randomly invited individuals (52% women) aged 50-64 years across six Swedish sites. We performed spirometry, DLCO, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and asked for smoking habits and respiratory symptoms. CAL was defined as post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second divided by forced expiratory volume (FEV1/FVC)<0.7.RESULTS: The overall prevalence was for CAL 8.8%, for impaired DLCO (DLCOCONCLUSIONS: In this large population-based study of middle-aged people, CAL and impaired DLCO were associated with common respiratory symptoms. Self-reported asthma was not associated with CAL in never-smokers. Our findings suggest that CAL in never-smokers signifies a separate clinical phenotype that may be monitored and, possibly, treated differently from smoking-related COPD. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 2. |
- Torén, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Restrictive Spirometric Pattern and Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry in a Population 50-64 Years.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Annals of the American Thoracic Society. - 2329-6933 .- 2325-6621.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE: Knowledge regarding prevalence and shared and unique characteristics of Restrictive spirometric pattern (RSP) and Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is lacking for a general population investigated with post-bronchodilator spirometry and computed tomography of the lungs.OBJECTIVES: To investigate shared and unique features for RSP and PRISm.METHODS: In the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), a general population sample of 28,555 people aged 50 - 64 years (including 14,558 never-smokers) was assessed. The participants answered a questionnaire and underwent computed tomography of the lungs, post-bronchodilator spirometry, and coronary artery calcification score (CACS). Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using adjusted logistic regression. RSP was defined as FEV1/FVC≥0.70 and FVC<80%. PRISm was defined as FEV1/FVC≥0.70 and FEV1<80%. A local reference equation was applied.MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The prevalence of RSP and PRISm were 5.1% (95% CI 4.9 - 5.4) and 5.1% (95% CI 4.8 - 5.3), respectively, with similar values seen in never-smokers. For RSP and PRISm, shared features were current smoking, dyspnea, chronic bronchitis, rheumatic disease, diabetes, ischemic heart disease (IHD), bronchial wall thickening, interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA), and bronchiectasis. Emphysema was uniquely linked to PRISm (OR 1.69, 1.36-2.10) vs 1.10 (0.84-1.43) for RSP. CACS≥300 was related to PRISm, but not among among never-smokers.CONCLUSIONS: PRISm and RSP have respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic conditions as shared features. Emphysema is only associated with PRISm. Coronary atherosclerosis may be associated with PRISm. Our results indicate that RSP and PRISm may share more features than not. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 3. |
- Andernord, D., et al.
(författare)
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Contact allergy to haptens in the Swedish baseline series: Results from the Swedish Patch Test Register (2010 to 2017)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 86:3, s. 175-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Allergic contact dermatitis has considerable public health impact and causative haptens vary over time. Objectives To report the prevalence of contact allergy to allergens in the Swedish baseline series 2010 to 2017, as registered in the Swedish Patch Test Register. Methods Results and demographic information for patients tested with the Swedish baseline series in 2010 to 2017 were analysed. Results Data for 21 663 individuals (females 69%) were included. Females had significantly more positive patch tests (54% vs 40%). The reaction prevalence rates were highest for nickel sulfate (20.7%), fragrance mix I (7.1%), Myroxylon pereirae (6.9%), potassium dichromate (6.9%), cobalt chloride (6.8%), methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI; 6.4%), MI (3.7%), colophonium (3.5%), fragrance mix II (3.2%), and formaldehyde (3.2%). Myroxylon pereirae reaction prevalence increased from 5% in 2010 to 9% in 2017 and that for methyldibromo glutaronitrile from 3.1% to 4.6%. MCI/MI and MI reactions decreased in prevalence after 2014. Nickel reaction prevalence decreased among females aged 10 to 19 years. Conclusions Nickel remains the most common sensitizing agent, with reaction prevalence decreasing among females younger than 20 years. The changes in MCI/MI and MI reaction prevalence mirrored those in Europe. The register can reveal changes in contact allergy prevalence over time among patients patch tested in Sweden.
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| 4. |
- Arvidsson, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Healthcare personnel's working conditions in relation to risk behaviours for organism transmission : A mixed-methods study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 31:7-8, s. 878-894
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate healthcare personnel's working conditions in relation to risk behaviours for organism transmission.BACKGROUND: Healthcare personnel's behaviour is often influenced by working conditions that in turn can impact the development of healthcare-associated infections. Observational studies are scarce, and further understanding of working conditions in relation to behaviour is essential for the benefit of the healthcare personnel and the safety of the patients.DESIGN: A mixed-methods convergent design.METHODS: Data were collected during 104 h of observation at eight hospital units. All 79 observed healthcare personnel were interviewed. Structured interviews covering aspects of working conditions were performed with the respective first-line manager. The qualitative and quantitative data were collected concurrently and given equal priority. Data were analysed separately and then merged. The study follows the GRAMMS guidelines for reporting mixed-methods research.RESULTS: Regardless of measurable and perceived working conditions, risk behaviours frequently occurred especially missed hand disinfection. Healthcare personnel described staffing levels, patient-level workload, physical factors and interruptions as important conditions that influence infection prevention behaviours. The statistical analyses confirmed that interruptions increase the frequency of risk behaviours. Significantly higher frequencies of risk behaviours also occurred in activities where healthcare personnel worked together, which in the interviews was described as a consequence of caring for high-need patients.CONCLUSIONS: These mixed-methods findings illustrate that healthcare personnel's perceptions do not always correspond to the observed results since risk behaviours frequently occurred regardless of the observed and perceived working conditions. Facilitating the possibility for healthcare personnel to work undisturbed when needed is essential for their benefit and for patient safety.RELEVANCE FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE: The results can be used to enlighten healthcare personnel and managers and when designing future infection prevention work.
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| 5. |
- Arvidsson, Lisa
(författare)
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Healthcare personnel's working conditions relationship to risk behaviours for organism transmission
- 2021
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Healthcare personnel (HCP) often experience undesirable working conditions. Risk behaviours for organism transmission can lead to healthcare associated infections and risk behaviours has been described to be influenced by working conditions. Research is lacking regarding HCPs working conditions and its relation to risk behaviours for organism transmission which this thesis aims to investigate. Methods: Study I had a mixed-methods convergent design. Observations and interviews were performed with 79 HCP, i.e., registered nurses (RNs) and assistant nurses (ANs). First-line managers were interviewed about the unit´s overall working conditions. The qualitative and quantitative data were analysed separately and then merged. Study II was a cross-sectional study with 417 RNs and ANs. The questionnaire included: self-efficacy to aseptic care, structural empowerment (SE), work engagement (WE) and work-related stress (WRS). Correlational analysis and group comparisons were performed. Results: In Study I risk behaviours frequently occurred regardless of measurable and perceived working conditions. The HCP described e.g. staffing levels and interruptions to influence risk behaviours. In the statistical analyses, risk behaviours were more frequent in interrupted activities and when the HCP worked together. In Study II the HCP rated high levels of self-efficacy to aseptic care. Differences were found between self-efficacy and some of the grouped working condition variables and definite but small relationships were found between self-efficacy to aseptic care and SE/WE/WRS. Conclusion: The HCP rated high levels of self-efficacy to aseptic care, but on the other hand, risk behaviours frequently occurred irrespective of working conditions. Healthcare managers are responsible for HCPs work environment and should continuously work to promote sufficient working conditions and to increase HCPs understanding of risk behaviours, which consequently also promote patient safety.
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| 6. |
- Arvidsson, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses’ assessed self-efficacy levels to medical asepsis and their relation to structural empowerment, work engagement and work-related stress
- 2023
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Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 74:2, s. 501-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Nurses’ working conditions are important for their well-being at work and for their ability to provide patients with safe care. Self-efficacy can influence employees’ behaviour at work. Therefore, it is valuable to study self-efficacy levels to medical asepsis in relation to working conditions.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between nurses assessed self-efficacy levels to medical asepsis in care situations and structural empowerment, work engagement and work-related stress.METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a correlational design was conducted. A total of 417 registered nurses and licensed practical nurses at surgical and orthopaedic units responded to a questionnaire containing: the Infection Prevention Appraisal Scale, the Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire-II, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-9 and the Health & Safety Executive Management Standards Indicator Tool. Correlational analyses and group comparisons were performed.RESULTS: The nurses rated high levels of self-efficacy to medical asepsis in care situations. The correlational analyses revealed that correlation coefficients between structural empowerment, work engagement, work-related stress and self-efficacy to medical asepsis were 0.254–0.268. Significant differences in self-efficacy were found in the grouped working conditions.CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that nurses rated high self-efficacy levels to medical asepsis and, to some extent, this seemed related to structural empowerment, work engagement and work-related stress. This valuable knowledge could enable improvements at the managerial and organisational levels, benefiting both nurses and patients in the long run.
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| 7. |
- Arvidsson, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses' assessed self-efficacy levels to medical asepsis and their relation to structural empowerment, work engagement and work-related stress
- 2023
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Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 74:2, s. 501-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Nurses' working conditions are important for their well-being at work and for their ability to provide patients with safe care. Self-efficacy can influence employees' behaviour atwork. Therefore, it is valuable to study self-efficacy levels to medical asepsis in relation to working conditions.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between nurses' assessed self-efficacy levels to medical asepsis in care situations and structural empowerment, work engagement and work-related stress.METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a correlational design was conducted. A total of 417 registered nurses and licensed practical nurses at surgical and orthopaedic units responded to a questionnaire containing: the Infection Prevention Appraisal Scale, the Conditions ofWork Effectiveness Questionnaire-II, the UtrechtWork Engagement Scale-9 and the Health& Safety Executive Management Standards Indicator Tool. Correlational analyses and group comparisons were performed.RESULTS: The nurses rated high levels of self-efficacy to medical asepsis in care situations. The correlational analyses revealed that correlation coefficients between structural empowerment, work engagement, work-related stress and selfefficacy to medical asepsis were 0.254-0.268. Significant differences in self-efficacy were found in the grouped working conditions.CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that nurses rated high self-efficacy levels to medical asepsis and, to some extent, this seemed related to structural empowerment, work engagement and work-related stress. This valuable knowledge could enable improvements at the managerial and organisational levels, benefiting both nurses and patients in the long run.
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| 8. |
- Berg, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Possible gender differences in the quality of life and choice of therapy in acne
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. - : Wiley. - 0926-9959 .- 1468-3083. ; 25:8, s. 969-972
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Acne is a very common skin disease that has major impact on the patients' quality of life. Although the disease has been extensively studied we still need more knowledge of factors influencing the decisions for choice of therapy. Objective To evaluate the relationships between clinical severity, patients' self-reported quality of life, treatment choice and the outcome of therapy in a structured out-patient acne clinic. Methods In total 211 consecutive patients (143 females, 68 males) at a structured acne clinic were included. At the first visit a clinical assessment was conducted, therapy was initiated and the patients answered a quality-of-life questionnaire (Dermatology Life Quality Index, DLQI). A follow up was performed after six months, when patients once again answered the DLQI questionnaire and the clinical outcome was assessed by the physician. Results The quality of life was improved after treatment at a group level. At the first visit, the quality of life showed a gender difference (females scoring worse) but did not correlate to the clinical grading nor to the choice of therapy. At six months the DLQI correlated with clinical outcome. Patients with isotretinoin therapy showed a significantly greater improvement in quality of life. There was a tendency to gender difference in the choice of therapy, as in females 32% of the patients were treated with isotretinoin although they were clinically graded as moderate. The corresponding figure for males was 23%. A correlation was found between the initial clinical grading and gender, age and the choice of therapy. Conclusion DLQI can be used to evaluate treatment effects in acne. However, the self-reported quality of life will depend on several factors including age, gender, psychosocial factors and clinical severity.
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| 9. |
- Bång, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Automatisk trafikövervakning genom AI i svenska farvatten : Slutrapport AutoMon Del I
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna slutrapport redogör för resultatet av projektet: AutoMon Del I—Automatisk trafikövervakning genom AI i svenska farvatten (TRV2019/95873). Projektägare är Linköpings universitet och genomförts tillsammans med Sjöfartsverket, SAAB, VTI, och Luftfartsverket. Vi kommer i denna rapport redogöra för resultaten samt diskutera framtida utmaningar med konceptet AutoMon. Syftet med AutoMon är att undersöka och belysa problemområdet automatiserad trafikövervakning genom att implementera en AI-demonstrator för svenska farvatten, initialt med fokus på att detektera anomalier i trafiken, och där hanteringen (dvs. granskning och lösning) av problemsituationer lämnas över till en mänsklig operatör. Förekomsten av fartygsolyckor och -incidenter, med potentiellt stora konsekvenser för individ och miljö - utanför etablerade VTS-områden - visar på behovet av utökad övervakning av sjötrafiken i svenska farvatten för att möjliggöra proaktiva åtgärder för att minimera olycksrisker till sjöss. Forskningsprojektet undersöker hur en hög nivå av automation kan användas för att upptäcka och hantera trafikavvikelser på svenskt vatten samt ge möjlighet till s.k. situational awareness (lägesbild) över hela dess yta, samtidigt som stöd för centralt eller distribuerat beslutsfattande ges. Runt om i världen förekommer även manipulation av AIS-systemet och dess positionsangivelser; ett problem som sannolikt kommer att öka även i Sverige. Båda problemställningarna är globala, vilket ger hög relevans. Lösningar har högt värde där digitalisering och artificiell intelligens kan användas som medel för ökad sjösäkerhet (safety och cyber security).
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| 10. |
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