| 1. |
- B. Boistrup, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Challenging theory versus practice : Connections between mathematics and vocational education
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we discuss connections between two teaching contents in Swedish upper secondary school programs in vocational education; mathematics and vocational content. Simultaneously, we challenge a dichotomous understanding of theory and practice, while paying an interest in connections between the two. We have adopted the framework of praxeology by Chevallard. Through analysis of empirical examples, we illuminate how, for example, theoretical aspects may derive from both mathematics and vocational content, challenging mathematics as mainly theoretical and vocations as only practical.
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| 2. |
- Berglund, Ingrid, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of vocational knowing : experiences from the Swedish pilot project with upper secondary apprenticeship 2008-2011
- 2012
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Ingår i: Bulletin of Institute of Vocational and Technical Education. - 1348-4893. ; :9, s. 24-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008, a pilot project with apprenticeship as an alternative pathway of upper secondary vocational education (USVE) started in Sweden. This paper is based on a follow-up study 2009-2011, funded by the Swedish National Agency for Education (SNAE) focusing on pedagogical aspects of apprenticeship. We interpreted ‘pedagogical aspects’ as concerning teachers’ curriculum work, i.e. the organisation and design of apprenticeship in relation to following aspects: division of labour between school and work; the content; the roles of teacher and supervisor; and follow-up and assessment of students’ development regarding vocational knowing in relation to the Swedish national curriculum for each of the programmes. In this article, we present results related to assessment in upper secondary VET apprenticeship. The issue for this article is to illuminate conditions for assessment in USVE-apprenticeship, the foci of assessment and the tools used for assessment.According to regulations of apprenticeship, trilateral assessment sessions (teacher-supervisor-apprentice) are to be held regularly for follow-up and, at the end of a course, marking students knowing. As a representative for the education authority, the teacher is responsible for marking, but the supervisor is to provide the teacher with the information needed for follow-up and marking. The assumption is that during these sessions, there will be a dialogue between supervisor, apprentice, and teacher that will contribute to both follow-up and marking.The results presented in this paper build on interviews with teachers, apprentices and supervisors, as well as some audio-recorded trilateral sessions for assessment. Our preliminary results show that these trilateral sessions are one of the critical situations in USVE-apprenticeship. A main result is that assessment was either focused on social and behavioural aspects or on vocational knowing. Which one that dominated was related to firstly, the qualifications of the teacher; secondly, to the division of labour on the workplace; and thirdly, to the local history of USVE-apprenticeship. These results and the consequences of them will be further developed in our article.
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| 3. |
- Berglund, Ingrid, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges for Swedish VET-teachers in upper secondary apprenticeship.
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- After several decades with little or no interest in apprenticeship as an alternative to upper secondary vocational education (Lundahl 1998), the first attempts to re-introduce apprenticeship were made during the 1990’s. Characteristic for these was that they were embedded in school-based VET, offering an extended period of work-based learning for potential drop-outs or as individualized programmes. The political motive relates to studies showing that youth with incomplete upper secondary education were significantly more often unemployed than was the case for those who had completed a programme (Olofsson 2008). However, an informal apprenticeship has existed for several decades, especially in vocational areas related to construction and electricity. In these cases, apprenticeship is regarded as a necessary complement to the 3-year school-based VET-programmes. The respective training boards have established these requirements. In order to become what is labelled as “fully qualified” (in terms of fully paid), apprenticeship adds another three years to upper secondary education (Berglund 2009).Apprenticeship in connection to and as an alternative track for upper secondary vocational programmes was implemented in Sweden as a 3-year probation in 2008. The schools are responsible for the designing and organisation of upper secondary apprenticeship but there are two central conditions: firstly that minimum half of the programme must be realized in a workplace, and secondly that the same objectives apply for the programmes, are they given in the form of school based VET or as apprenticeship. This paper is based on a study of pedagogical aspects of apprenticeship during the second and third year of the probation (Berglund & Lindberg 2012). Here we focus on VET-teachers’ work within the apprenticeship form of upper secondary vocational education. The main issue of our paper is to illuminate the consequences and challenges for VET-teachers’ work within upper secondary apprenticeship.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Berthén, Diana, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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In-service training as cognitive apprenticeship
- 2007
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Ingår i: Sociocultural perspectives on teacher education and development: New directions for research – SOCIOTED, 7-8 April 2008 in Oxford University, England.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The issue of this paper is to present and discuss a project for in-service training of some teachers employed within advanced vocational education (AVE), part of higher education in Finland. The political visions of an increased proportion of people with higher education, not only in Finland but in the Western world as a whole, have contributed to teachers encountering with new groups of students with non-academic backgrounds. These students have been accepted for studies but an increasing proportion fail in examinations. Especially language teachers at this specific AVE, a small polytechnic institution, were concerned about how the situation had developed. According to their understanding, an increasing amount of the students had dyslexia. Therefore the had attended courses and lectures, which however did not provide them with the tools they needed. An expert was enrolled, in order to work with the students. Instead of working with remedial programmes, her work focused on students; reading and writing strategies, which became a success. As a result, the school wanted her to work with an increasing number of students. Instead an in-service training project that would provide the teachers with the competence of the expert was initiated. The project was designed based on socio-cultural perspectives on learning, drawing on the concepts distributed expertise (Palinscar & Brown, 1984), literacy practices (Street, 1984; Gee, 1996; Lea & Street, 1998) and cognitive apprenticeship (Rogoff, 1984, 1990). As a whole, the project consisted of two parts: firstly, the experts work with the students, and secondly, the in-service training for teachers. Here, the main focus is on in-service training for the teachers but as the content of this in-service training is students' reading and writing strategies, it is necessary to describe part of the project directed towards the students as well. The aim of the work directed to students at risk was on the one hand related to trying out and developing appropriate tools for identifying students at risk, and to explore their current reading and writing strategies and making the students aware of and other, more relevant strategies as well as helping them to change their current strategies on the other. The expert's findings about students' current strategies contribute to the picture of the characteristics of readers and writers inadequate strategies for reading and writing. Her work also included identifying what kind of reading and writing was expected from the students within each of the eight programmes included in the project. In all, 112 students were tested, 57 of these were offered the programme, 41 students accepted joining the programme and 29 finished it. The aim of the in-service training was to make it possible for the teachers to appropriate the competencies of the expert. Therefore the in-service project was designed on ideas of cognitive apprenticeship and distributed expertise. In other words, the expertise was to be distributed to the teachers attending the in-service programme. The programme started with only two teachers; a year later they were expected to take over some of the work and new teachers were accepted for the programme as newcomers, and after one more year further teachers were invited. As a complement to apprenticeship, seminars related to specific texts were offered. In manual work, apprenticeship is organised in relation to a production that involves material, tools, and techniques - in a way this work is transparent. When it comes to cognitive work, the material, tools and techniques are opaque rather than transparent, therefore the design of cognitive apprenticeship must involve possibilities for making the competence underlying planning, decision-making and reflection more transparent. The text seminars mentioned were one means offered in order to make the expert's competencies visible. In the paper these ideas are further developed. The results of the project are discussed on two levels. Firstly in relation to teachers' knowledge formation - that is their struggle with their strong contemporary conception of these students' as suffering from dyslexia on the one hand and with their emerging insights of the relational and contextual aspects of what it means to become literate within a specific AVE-programme. Secondly, the results are related to organisational conditions for these teachers to use the competence they have appropriated. Finally, we discuss the relation between the practice-concept in New Literacy Studies and that used in studies based on socio-cultural and activity theoretical studies.
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| 6. |
- Björklund Boistrup, Lisa, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for analysing assessment in working life and vocational education
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nofa7 Abstracts. - Stockholm, Sweden : Stockholm University. ; , s. 36-36
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we aim to discuss a research framework for analysing assessment in working life. We view assessment as a broad notion, taking place formally, through tests, coursework and the like, and informally through for example feedback during ongoing work. We argue that education, and significantly vocational education, has much to learn from taking knowledge about assessment as part of working life into account.Assessment in working life is in this paper viewed as a teaching content in vocational education. For students in vocational programmes, part of Swedish upper secondary school, it is highly relevant to learn about how working competence may be evaluated in their future occupations. Moreover, teachers carrying out assessment within the vocational programmes have much to learn from the ways assessment may be ‘done’ in working life. To assess vocational competence, also within vocational education, is different from formal educational assessment, since it is about capturing contextual knowing in action. In these actions, there are different logics (see Ellström, 2010) to pay attention to. One logic is a logic of production, where conformity and regulations are essential, and one is a logic of development, where problem solving and creativity are essential. So far, not much research has focused on assessment in working life in a broad sense, with relevance for vocational education.Assessment of vocational knowing is a field of research shared by disciplines like education, linguistics, economics and sociology. One theme in the literature addresses assessment for employment. This part of the research field is dominated by economists focusing on management issues, such as tests designed for selection of employees. Another theme is rather new in this field of research; assessment in skills competitions. A third theme is assessment in workplaces. Apart from some studies on assessment of employees’ performances and behaviour, there are few studies (eg. Kvale, 2007; Tanggaard & Elmholt, 2008) on assessment of vocational knowing at work.When discussing a framework for analysing assessment in working life, we will draw on theoretical considerations and make critical connections to previous research. In our theoretical considerations we incorporate three levels of practice: personal, interpersonal, and community processes (Rogoff, 2008), all in relation to assessment. To further examine aspects of vocational content in assessment, we adopt a framework of praxeology by Chevallard (2006), where praxis corresponds to ‘know-how’ and logos to ‘know-why’.
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| 7. |
- Boistrup, Lisa Björklund, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Challenging theory versus practice : Connections between mathematics and vocational education
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - Palermo. ; , s. 477-482
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we discuss connections between two teaching contents inSwedish upper secondary school programs in vocational education; mathematics andvocational content. Simultaneously, we challenge a dichotomous understanding oftheory and practice, while paying an interest in connections between the two. We haveadopted the framework of praxeology by Chevallard. Through analysis of empiricalexamples, we illuminate how, for example, theoretical aspects may derive from bothmathematics and vocational content, challenging mathematics as mainly theoreticaland vocations as only practical.
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| 8. |
- Broberg, Åsa, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Domestic education and technology – historical development of women´s (T)VET
- 2023
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Ingår i: Virtual abstracts JVET Conference 2023.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The history of VET in the Nordic countries tends to either focus on education for male students only, or on the professional higher education for women such as nurses. Even in the 21st century, the 1970s are mentioned as the time when women entered the labor market as a consequence of societal industries (kindergartens, hospitals). The aim for this paper is to complement the existing picture of VET as a purely male form for education, related to agriculture, industry/technology, craft and trading. A further aim is to describe VET for women that was closely related to a labor market for women that developed in the early 20th century. The concept of TVET suggests an even closer association to male vocational education as T stands for technical. In parallel to VET for male student, women’s VET developed in the fields household, caring, textile work and trading. In these areas technical development was a central but not an obvious part of women´s vocational education. For instance, new technical inventions like kitchen equipment for commercial kitchen and food industry, as well as for private households required transformation of knowledge. Historically, women’s work in these areas contributed significantly to the production and economic development in the society, but also to women's access to participation in the public. However, while the history of VET and TVET for male students has received extensive attention in research within various disciplines, VET for female students is scarcely researched and the technical aspects even more so. In this paper we explore the Swedish umbrella concept domestic education as a point of departure for a discussion of the multiple vocations that this concept represented and thereby also hid. We focus on how the different vocational educations within this area contributed to qualifying women for a labor market in transition: through expansion, differentiation and specialization, intertwined with technical development. This is in line with how cultural historical activity theory emphasizes that changes in tools and rules contribute to changing societal activities over time. This development shows how female competence contributed to societal development during the 20th century. We also argue that education for women in the 1970s was a consequence of changed relations between individuals, families and society that can be identified through analyzing the VET for women in the early 20th century.
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| 9. |
- Broberg, Åsa, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Vocational Education for Women – An Invisible History
- 2022
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Ingår i: Vocational Education & Training Voices from Research. ; , s. 17-18
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The history of VET in the Nordic countries tends to either focus on education for male students only, or on the education of nurses, today part of higher education. The 1970s are mentioned as the time when women entered the labor market as a consequence of societal industries (kindergartens, hospitals). Early VET for male students was related to agricultural work, or to technology, industrial work, or craft. We argue that this also applies for early VET for women: their work within agriculture contributed significantly to the production and economic development in the society. In this paper we discuss how vocational educations, historically aimed at women, came to be shaped in relation to societal development. With analytical focus on societal motives and contradictions we will show how women’s VET significantly contributed to societal production and household finances but also how these educations were developed in relation to advancements within natural sciences and socioeconomic development. We use examples from three sectors: the domestic, textile, and the health care/social care sectors.
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| 10. |
- Broberg, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Women’s vocational education 1890–1990 in Finland and Sweden: the example of vocational home economics education
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Vocational Education and Training. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1363-6820 .- 1747-5090. ; 73:2, s. 217 - 233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article argues that women’s vocational education needs to be viewed in relation to the development of vocational education and training (VET) more broadly. The history of women’s VET is also a history of the term “women’s education” itself and how, almost a century after it was introduced, this term is hardly used. Instead, we see gendered vocations and vocational programmes that predominantly recruit women. The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the rise and fall of VET specifically targeting women in Finland and Sweden, in particular the kind of VET described in educational policy during the 20th century as education that was predestined for women. What societal motives underpinned the establishment and development of domestic education as VET? How can we understand the dismantling of education targeting women? Our primary sources are government inquiries concerning VET for women and previous research in this field. We argue that the reasons for the development of women’s VET reflect not only how certain social groups understood societal needs at the time, but that developing VET was a response to the increasingly significant but complex roles women played in the public arena.
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