| 1. |
- Cho, Eunyoung, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiology of renal cell cancer
- 2011
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Ingår i: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. - Maryland Heights, USA : Saunders Elsevier. - 0889-8588 .- 1558-1977. ; 25:4, s. 651-665
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Renal cell cancer (RCC) is increasingly diagnosed at an early stage in many countries, which likely contributes to the recent leveling of RCC mortality in the United States and many European countries. However, over all stages nearly 50% of the patients die within 5 years after diagnosis. Smoking and obesity may account for approximately 40% of all incidental cases in high-risk countries. Besides obesity, rising prevalence of hypertension may play a growing role. Several other occupational and lifestyle factors may also affect the risk of RCC. Genetic variations may be an important factor in the differing incidence among populations.
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| 2. |
- Eunyoung, Cho, et al.
(författare)
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Kidney Cancer
- 2008. - 2nd ed.
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Ingår i: Textbook of cancer epidemiology. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press. - 9780195311174
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cigarette smoking and obesity may account for approximately 40% of cases in high-incidence countries. Continued research in kidney cancer is needed since nearly 50% of the patients die within five years after diagnosis. With the aim of prevention, the continued search for environmental causes should take into account the fact that kidney cancer consists of different types with specific genetic molecular characteristics. In some cases, these genetic alterations have been purportedly associated with specific exposures. Furthermore, genetic polymorphisms may have a modulating effect on metabolic activation and detoxification enzymes. Thus, better understanding of the genetic and molecular processes involved in kidney cancer may help with the analyzing exposure associations that are important in both its initiation and progression.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Lindblad, Per, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Kidney Cancer
- 2002
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Ingår i: Textbook of Cancer Epidemiology. - New York NY USA : Oxford University Press. - 0195109694
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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