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- Balea, A, et al.
(författare)
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Morphology, properties and recyclability of modified fibres and papers with different chemicals at laboratory and pilot plant trials
- 2015
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Ingår i: 46th Congresso Annuale Aticelca, May 28-29, Sestri Levante-Genova, Italy. - : Aticelca. ; , s. 23-31
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fibre+ (2012-2015) is a European project aiming to develop potential treatments for recovered fibre modification capable of improving the recyclability and the properties of recycled papers. This study reports on the results on fibre morphology, paper properties and recyclability of fibres and papers modified with different chemicals and approaches from both laboratory and pilot plant trials. Sixteen modification chemical agents were studied in a set of laboratory trials. The raw material used was 100% recycled paper grade from old corrugated board containers (OCC). The laboratory analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of fibre modifications treatments included FBRM for pre-screening of chemicals, preparation of laboratory control and modified handsheets to a target grammage of 80 g/m2, and measurement of the fibre morphology, recyclability and mechanical and physical properties of the modified handsheets. Based on the results of laboratory testing, Fibre+ modifications pilot plant trials were carried out at a FEX paper machine. Furthermore the effect of the better dispersion of the cPAM using an ECOWIRL was studied. The overall laboratory and pilot plant results were promising for further implementation of the Fibre+ modifications at industrial scale and projection of improvements of fibre and paper properties on the performance of packaging products thereof
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| 2. |
- Lindblom, Rickard P. F., et al.
(författare)
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Complement receptor 2 is up regulated in the spinal cord following nerve root injury and modulates the spinal cord response
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroinflammation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1742-2094 .- 1742-2094. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Activation of the complement system has been implicated in both acute and chronic states of neurodegeneration. However, a detailed understanding of this complex network of interacting components is still lacking. Methods: Large-scale global expression profiling in a rat F2(DAxPVG) intercross identified a strong cis-regulatory influence on the local expression of complement receptor 2 (Cr2) in the spinal cord after ventral root avulsion (VRA). Expression of Cr2 in the spinal cord was studied in a separate cohort of DA and PVG rats at different time-points after VRA, and also following sciatic nerve transection (SNT) in the same strains. Consequently, Cr2(-/-) mice and Wt controls were used to further explore the role of Cr2 in the spinal cord following SNT. The in vivo experiments were complemented by astrocyte and microglia cell cultures. Results: Expression of Cr2 in naive spinal cord was low but strongly up regulated at 5-7 days after both VRA and SNT. Levels of Cr2 expression, as well as astrocyte activation, was higher in PVG rats than DA rats following both VRA and SNT. Subsequent in vitro studies proposed astrocytes as the main source of Cr2 expression. A functional role for Cr2 is suggested by the finding that transgenic mice lacking Cr2 displayed increased loss of synaptic nerve terminals following nerve injury. We also detected increased levels of soluble CR2 (sCR2) in the cerebrospinal fluid of rats following VRA. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that local expression of Cr2 in the central nervous system is part of the axotomy reaction and is suggested to modulate subsequent complement mediated effects.
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