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- Williamsson, Ia
(författare)
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Establishment Patterns of Model Diffusion Theory
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Information technology is now part of almost every product and service, and the ever-increasing rate of technology and software development demands an appropriate software development process model. The model, whichdescribes the software development process, plays a crucial role for success in software projects. Models are constantly produced and refined in academia and practice, but models from academia tend to remain unused in practice, or take a long time to reach practice. Currently there is a lack of knowledge on how models are transferred or diffused in and between academia and practice, which is the knowledge gap that this study aims to investigate.The research purpose has thus been to investigate and ground a theory about the diffusion of software process models in and between academia and practice. The study is based on data collected from 31 informants, from both academia and practice, and analyzed with a grounded theory method approach. The Diffusion of Innovation theory was consulted during theory development, and the perceived model characteristics, complexity, ando bservability are seen as distinguishing differences between the theories.The resulting grounded theory, “Establishment Patterns of Model Diffusion” describes four important areas, and how they affect each other ina model diffusion situation. The areas are: Motivation; Establishment; Usage; and Quality. How model diffusion takes place depends on the are as themselves, on the prevailing conditions, on the knowledge at hand and on how the areas are evaluated. This shows multi-faceted, time-dependent, and unpredictable patterns for model diffusion. The patterns include experience of model use, the past and future context of use, the characteristics of the model, requirements in the working process, individuals’ empowerment, availability of multiple models, composition of project groups, and the group members’ private and business networks.The findings have several implications. For academia, the benefits may be in the awareness of the multiple patterns for model diffusion and software process improvements, which cannot be separated from each other. Models are constantly adopted and simultaneously modified in practice. Practice may benefit from an awareness of the multiple patterns for model diffusionand sources of experience and knowledge, and how to make use of the existing knowledge capital strategically. Both academia and practice may also benefit from increased cooperation, each contributing their unique experience, and consequently increasing relevance for practice in the diffusion of models, and in developing and receiving research results in a useful format.
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| 2. |
- Fröberg, Andreas, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of an Empowerment-Based Health-Promotion School Intervention on Physical Activity and Sedentary Time among Adolescents in a Multicultural Area
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - Basel : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 15:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical activity (PA) decreases with age, and interventions are needed to promote PA during adolescence, especially, among those in low-socioeconomic status (SES) areas. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a two-year, empowerment-based health-promotion school intervention had any effects on changes in (a) moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), (b) sedentary time (SED), (c) exercise training (ET) frequency, and (d) ET duration, among adolescents. Participants (aged 12-13 years at baseline) from one intervention school and two control schools, were recruited from a multicultural area of Sweden, characterized by low-SES. During the course of the two-year intervention, a total of 135 participants (43% boys) were included in the study. The intervention was developed and implemented as a result of cooperation and shared decision-making among the researchers and the participants. MVPA and SED were measured with accelerometers, and ET frequency and duration was self-reported at the beginning of the seventh, eighth, and ninth grade, respectively. There were no significant effects of the two-year, empowerment-based health-promotion school intervention on changes in the accelerometer-measured MVPA and SED, or the self-reported ET frequency and duration, among the adolescents. Overall, the intervention was unsuccessful at promoting PA and reducing SED. Several possible explanations for the intervention's lack of effects are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Thulesius, Hans O, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnosis and prognosis of breast and ovarian cancer--a population-based study of 234 women
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 43:2, s. 81-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The diagnosis and prognosis for 135 women with breast cancer and 99 women with ovarian cancer in a well-defined geographical area, and a follow-up of 7-15 years are described, based on patients' records. Diagnosis was initiated in primary care for 53% of women with breast cancer, and for 57% of women with ovarian cancer. Median patient delay was 1 week for breast cancer, and 3.5 weeks for ovarian cancer patients, and median provider delay was 3 weeks for both groups. Crude, relative, and corrected 5-year survival was 73%, 91%, and 82% in breast cancer, and 40%, 49%, and 43% in ovarian cancer. Cox multiple regression analyses showed that stage IIIA and IV, and young age were associated with impaired disease-related survival in breast cancer. In patients with ovarian cancer, stages III and IV at diagnosis, old age, and systemic symptoms dominating at presentation were predictive of reduced disease-related survival while a family history of cancer was predictive of increased survival.
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