| 1. |
- Kataoka, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of weight loss intervention on anxiety, depression and quality of life in women with severe obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women that is associated with an increased risk of anxiety and depression and with a lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL). PCOS is closely associated with obesity, which per se can lead to symptoms of anxiety and depression and lower HRQoL. The first-line treatment for PCOS is weight loss through lifestyle intervention, which has been shown to improve all symptoms of the syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate symptoms of anxiety and depression and HRQoL in women with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 35) with and without PCOS, and to evaluate the effect of a one-year structured weight loss intervention. A total of 246 women with severe obesity (PCOS n = 63, non-PCOS n = 183) were included. The comprehensive psychopathological rating scale self-rating scale for affective symptoms (CPRS-S-A) and the short form-36 (SF-36) were used to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression and HRQoL. In total 72 women of the 246 women with severe obesity completed a one-year weight loss programme and were followed up and compared with baseline data. In women with severe obesity, there were no differences in symptoms of anxiety and depression and HRQoL between women with and without PCOS at baseline. Clinically relevant anxiety symptoms were present in 71.3% (PCOS) and 65.6% (non-PCOS), and depression symptoms were present in 56.4% (PCOS) and 52.2% (non-PCOS). Significant weight loss improved physical HRQoL in all women, but reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression only in women without PCOS. There were no differences when comparing the changes between the groups. Women with severe obesity are severely affected by symptoms of anxiety and depression, independent of PCOS. Weight loss improved symptoms of anxiety and depression in women without PCOS, but there were no differences between groups in change from baseline to follow-up.Trial registration number: Clinical trial.gov: NCT01319162, March 18, 2011. Date of registration and enrolment of the first subject September 2011.
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| 2. |
- Lu, Haojiang, et al.
(författare)
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Dissecting the Impact of Maternal Androgen Exposure on Developmental Programming through Targeting the Androgen Receptor
- 2024
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Ingår i: Advanced Science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2198-3844.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit sustained elevation incirculating androgens during pregnancy, an independent risk factor linked topregnancy complications and adverse outcomes in offspring. Yet, furtherstudies are required to understand the effects of elevated androgens on celltype-specific placental dysfunction and fetal development. Therefore, aPCOS-like mouse model induced by continuous androgen exposure isexamined. The PCOS-mice exhibited impaired placental and embryonicdevelopment, resulting in mid-gestation lethality. Co-treatment with theandrogen receptor blocker, flutamide, prevents these phenotypes includinggerm cell specification . Comprehensive profiling of the placenta bywhole-genome bisulfite and RNA sequencing shows a reduced proportion oftrophoblast precursors, possibly due to the downregulation of Cdx2expression. Reduced expression of Gcm1, Synb, and Prl3b1 is associated withreduced syncytiotrophoblasts and sinusoidal trophoblast giant cells, impairsplacental labyrinth formation. Importantly, human trophoblast organoidsexposed to androgens exhibit analogous changes, showing impairedtrophoblast differentiation as a key feature in PCOS-related pregnancycomplications. These findings provide new insights into the potential cellulartargets for future treatments.
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| 3. |
- Risal, Sanjiv, et al.
(författare)
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Transgenerational transmission of reproductive and metabolic dysfunction in the male progeny of polycystic ovary syndrome
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cell Reports Medicine. - : Cell Press. - 2666-3791. ; 4:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transgenerational maternal effects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in female progeny are being revealed. As there is evidence that a male equivalent of PCOS may exists, we ask whether sons born to mothers with PCOS (PCOS-sons) transmit reproductive and metabolic phenotypes to their male progeny. Here, in a register-based cohort and a clinical case-control study, we find that PCOS-sons are more often obese and dyslipidemic. Our prenatal androgenized PCOS-like mouse model with or without diet-induced obesity confirmed that reproductive and metabolic dysfunctions in first-generation (F1) male offspring are passed down to F3. Sequencing of F1–F3 sperm reveals distinct differentially expressed (DE) small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) across generations in each lineage. Notably, common targets between transgenerational DEsncRNAs in mouse sperm and in PCOS-sons serum indicate similar effects of maternal hyperandrogenism, strengthening the translational relevance and highlighting a previously underappreciated risk of transmission of reproductive and metabolic dysfunction via the male germline.
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| 4. |
- Benrick, Anna, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Electroacupuncture mimics exercise-induced changes in skeletal muscle gene expression in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Oxford University Press. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 105:6, s. 2027-2041
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ContextAutonomic nervous system activation mediates the increase in whole-body glucose uptake in response to electroacupuncture but the mechanisms are largely unknown.ObjectiveTo identify the molecular mechanisms underlying electroacupuncture-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle in insulin-resistant overweight/obese women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Design/ParticipantsIn a case-control study, skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from 15 women with PCOS and 14 controls before and after electroacupuncture. Gene expression and methylation was analyzed using Illumina BeadChips arrays.ResultsA single bout of electroacupuncture restores metabolic and transcriptional alterations and induces epigenetic changes in skeletal muscle. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 180 unique genes (q < 0.05) whose expression was changed by electroacupuncture, with 95% of the changes towards a healthier phenotype. We identified DNA methylation changes at 304 unique sites (q < 0.20), and these changes correlated with altered expression of 101 genes (P < 0.05). Among the 50 most upregulated genes in response to electroacupuncture, 38% were also upregulated in response to exercise. We identified a subset of genes that were selectively altered by electroacupuncture in women with PCOS. For example, MSX1 and SRNX1 were decreased in muscle tissue of women with PCOS and were increased by electroacupuncture and exercise. siRNA-mediated silencing of these 2 genes in cultured myotubes decreased glycogen synthesis, supporting a role for these genes in glucose homeostasis.ConclusionOur findings provide evidence that electroacupuncture normalizes gene expression in skeletal muscle in a manner similar to acute exercise. Electroacupuncture might therefore be a useful way of assisting those who have difficulties performing exercise.
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| 5. |
- Risal, Sanjiv, et al.
(författare)
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Prenatal androgen exposure and transgenerational susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 25:12, s. 1894-1904
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How obesity and elevated androgen levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affect their offspring is unclear. In a Swedish nationwide register-based cohort and a clinical case-control study from Chile, we found that daughters of mothers with PCOS were more likely to be diagnosed with PCOS. Furthermore, female mice (F0) with PCOS-like traits induced by late-gestation injection of dihydrotestosterone, with and without obesity, produced female F1-F3 offspring with PCOS-like reproductive and metabolic phenotypes. Sequencing of single metaphase II oocytes from F1-F3 offspring revealed common and unique altered gene expression across all generations. Notably, four genes were also differentially expressed in serum samples from daughters in the case-control study and unrelated women with PCOS. Our findings provide evidence of transgenerational effects in female offspring of mothers with PCOS and identify possible candidate genes for the prediction of a PCOS phenotype in future generations.
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| 6. |
- Semenza, Jan C., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants and Drivers of Infectious Disease Threat Events in Europe
- 2016
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Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 22:4, s. 581-589
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infectious disease threat events (IDTEs) are increasing in frequency worldwide. We analyzed underlying drivers of 116 IDTEs detected in Europe during 2008-2013 by epidemic intelligence at the European Centre of Disease Prevention and Control. Seventeen drivers were identified and categorized into 3 groups: globalization and environment, sociodemographic, and public health systems. A combination of >= 2 drivers was responsible for most IDTEs. The driver category globalization and environment contributed to 61% of individual IDTEs, and the top 5 individual drivers of all IDTEs were travel and tourism, food and water quality, natural environment, global trade, and climate. Hierarchical cluster analysis of all drivers identified travel and tourism as a distinctly separate driver. Monitoring and modeling such disease drivers can help anticipate future IDTEs and strengthen control measures. More important, intervening directly on these underlying drivers can diminish the likelihood of the occurrence of an IDTE and reduce the associated human and economic costs.
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| 7. |
- Semenza, Jan C., et al.
(författare)
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Observed and projected drivers of emerging infectious diseases in Europe
- 2016
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Ingår i: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0077-8923 .- 1749-6632. ; 1382, s. 73-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emerging infectious diseases are of international concern because of the potential for, and impact of, pandemics; however, they are difficult to predict. To identify the drivers of disease emergence, we analyzed infectious disease threat events (IDTEs) detected through epidemic intelligence collected at the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) between 2008 and 2013, and compared the observed results with a 2008 ECDC foresight study of projected drivers of future IDTEs in Europe. Among 10 categories of IDTEs, foodborne and waterborne IDTEs were the most common, vaccine-preventable IDTEs caused the highest number of cases, and airborne IDTEs caused the most deaths. Observed drivers for each IDTE were sorted into three main groups: globalization and environmental drivers contributed to 61% of all IDTEs, public health system drivers contributed to 21%, and social and demographic drivers to 18%. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that four of the top five drivers for observed IDTEs were in the globalization and environment group. In the observational study, the globalization and environment group was related to all IDTE categories, but only to five of eight categories in the foresight study. Directly targeting these drivers with public health interventions may diminish the chances of IDTE occurrence from the outset.
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| 8. |
- Wass, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Cytokine responses of immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients with Neoehrlichia mikurensis infection
- 2022
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Ingår i: Medical Microbiology and Immunology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-8584 .- 1432-1831. ; 211:2-3, s. 133-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The tick-borne bacterium Neoehrlichia mikurensis causes the infectious disease neoehrlichiosis in humans. Vascular endothelium is one of the target cells of the infection. Neoehrlichiosis patients with compromised B cell immunity present with more severe inflammation than immunocompetent patients. The aim of this study was to compare the cytokine profiles of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients with neoehrlichiosis. Methods Blood samples from Swedish and Norwegian immunosuppressed (N = 30) and immunocompetent (N = 16) patients with neoehrlichiosis were analyzed for the levels of 30 cytokines, using a multiplex cytokine assay and ELISA. A gender-matched healthy control group (N = 14) was analyzed in parallel. Data were analyzed using the multivariate method OPLS-DA. Results The multiplex cytokine analyses generated more cytokine results than did the uniplex ELISA analyses. Multivariate analysis of the multiplex cytokine results established that increased levels of FGF2, GM-CSF, CXCL10, and IFN-gamma were associated with immunosuppressed patients, whereas increased levels of IL-15 and VEGF were associated with immunocompetent neoehrlichiosis patients. When multivariate analysis findings were confirmed with uniplex ELISA, it was found that both groups of patients had similarly elevated levels of VEGF, FGF2 and IFN-gamma. In contrast, the immunosuppressed patients had clearly elevated levels of CXCL10, CXCL13 and BAFF, whereas the immunocompetent patients had the same levels as healthy controls. Conclusion Pro-angiogenic and type 1 cytokines were produced as part of the host response of neoehrlichiosis independent of immune status, whereas immunosuppressed neoehrlichiosis patients produced cytokines required for B cell-mediated defense.
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| 9. |
- Engström, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Auditory event-related potentials and mismatch negativity in children with hearing loss using hearing aids or cochlear implants : A three-year follow-up study
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - : Elsevier. - 0165-5876 .- 1872-8464. ; 140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The primary aim was to examine how event-related potentials (ERPs) and mismatch negativity (MMN) change and develop over time among children with hearing loss (HL) using hearing aids (HAs) or cochlear implants (CIs). Children with normal hearing (NH) were tested as a reference group.Methods: This three-year follow-up study included 13 children with sensorineural HL (SNHL); 7 children using bilateral HAs and 6 children using CIs; and 10 children with NH as a reference group. ERPs were recorded at baseline and after three years. At time for the original study the children were approximately 5-8 years old and at the follow-up study 8-11 years old. ERP recordings and data processing were identical in both sessions. A standard stimulus alternated with five different deviants (gap, intensity, pitch, location and duration), presented in a pseudorandom sequence, thus following the multi-feature paradigm, Optimum-1. MMN was calculated from the average ERP of each deviant minus the standard stimuli. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for the statistical analyses and the results were based on samples within a specific time interval; 80-224 ms.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the obligatory responses between the NH and HA groups at baseline, but this difference disappeared after three years in our follow-up study. The children with HA also showed a significant difference in mean ERP at baseline compared to follow-up, and significant differences between the deviants at follow-up but not at baseline. This suggests an improvement over time among the children with HAs. On the other hand, the children with CIs did not differ from the NH children at baseline, but after three years their mean ERP was significantly lower compared to both the children with HA and NH, indicating a reduced development of the central auditory system in this age span among the children with CIs. Regarding MMN, there was an interaction between the duration deviant and time for the children with HA, also indicating a possible improvement over time among the HA children.Conclusions: This three-year follow-up study shows neurophysiological differences between children with HL and children with NH. The results suggest a delay in the central auditory processing among the HA children compared to children with NH, but a possible catch-up, over time, and this potential may be worth to be utilized. Regarding the CI children, similar improvement in this age span is missing, meaning there are differences between the subgroups of children with HL, i.e. the children with HAs vs. CIs. The results highlight the importance of distinguishing between subgroups of children with HL in further research.
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| 10. |
- Engström, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Computer-assisted reading intervention for children with hearing impairment using cochlear implants : Effects on auditory event-related potentials and mismatch negativity
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - : Elsevier. - 0165-5876 .- 1872-8464. ; 137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The primary aim was to find out whether a computer-assisted reading intervention program with a phonic approach can affect event-related (ERPs) and mismatch negativity (MMN) in hearing impaired (HI) children using cochlear implants (CIs).METHODS: This study involved a test group of 15 HI children with CIs and a control group of 14 normal hearing (NH) children. The children were 4 years and 10 months to 8 years and 1 month old. ERPs were recorded immediately before and after 4 weeks of training with a computer-assisted reading intervention, GraphoGame. A multi-feature paradigm, Optimum-1, was used, i.e. a standard stimulus alternated with five different deviants: gap intensity, pitch, location and duration. MMN was calculated from the mean amplitude ERP of each deviant minus the standard stimulus response in a specific time interval, 80 - 224 ms. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for the statistical analysis.RESULTS: The results did not show any significant changes with the computerassisted training in the ERPs and MMNs among the HI children with CIs. The presence of both MMN and a positive mismatch response (pMMR), which might reflect an immaturity, complicates interpreting the results in this age group. Individually, there was a mix of MMNs and pMMRs among all participants, pre and post training, and the change of each deviant after intervention was not predictable.CONCLUSIONS: There are no significant changes in ERP or MMN after intervention, however lack of significances must be interpreted with caution. Besides the presence of both MMNs and pMMRs, only modest changes are to be expected on an individual basis and small samples hinder making statistical conclusions regarding the training's effects. The study contributes to some more descriptive pieces of ERPs and MMNs among the HI children with CIs. The issues of MMN and pMMR are highlighted.
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