| 1. |
- Leenders, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma cotinine levels and pancreatic cancer in the EPIC cohort study
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 131:4, s. 997-1002
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smoking is an established risk factor for pancreatic cancer, previously investigated by the means of questionnaires. Using cotinine as a biomarker for tobacco exposure allows more accurate quantitative analyses to be performed. This study on pancreatic cancer, nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC cohort), included 146 cases and 146 matched controls. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, plasma cotinine levels were analyzed on average 8.0 years before cancer onset (595% range: 2.812.0 years). The relation between plasma cotinine levels and pancreatic cancer was analyzed with conditional logistic regression for different levels of cotinine in a population of never and current smokers. This was also done for the self-reported number of smoked cigarettes per day at baseline. Every increase of 350 nmol/L of plasma cotinine was found to significantly elevate risk of pancreatic cancer [odds ratio (OR): 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.111.60]. People with a cotinine level over 1187.8 nmol/L, a level comparable to smoking 17 cigarettes per day, have an elevated risk of pancreatic cancer, compared to people with cotinine levels below 55 nmol/L (OR: 3.66, 95% CI: 1.449.26). The results for self-reported smoking at baseline also show an increased risk of pancreatic cancer from cigarette smoking based on questionnaire information. People who smoke more than 30 cigarettes per day showed the highest risk compared to never smokers (OR: 4.15, 95% CI: 1.0216.42). This study is the first to show that plasma cotinine levels are strongly related to pancreatic cancer.
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| 2. |
- Tesfa, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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The role of BAFF and G-CSF for rituximab-induced late-onset neutropenia (LON) in lymphomas
- 2021
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Ingår i: Medical Oncology. - : Humana Press. - 1357-0560 .- 1559-131X. ; 38:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mechanisms for late-onset neutropenia (LON) after rituximab treatment are poorly defined both for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and for autoimmune disorders. We performed a case-control analysis of a prospective cohort of 169 evaluable consecutive rituximab-treated NHL patients to assess cytokines involved in neutro- and lymphopoiesis (G-CSF, SDF1, BAFF, APRIL) and inflammation (CRP) as possible LON mechanisms. Fifteen patients (9%) developed LON (peripheral blood /PB/ absolute neutrophil counts /ANC/<0.5 G/L, all with marked depletion of CD20(+) B-lymphocytes in bone marrows); they were compared with 20 matched NHL controls without LON. At start of LON, significantly higher PB G-CSF and BAFF levels (P=0.0004 and 0.006, respectively), as well as CRP rises were noted compared to controls; these G-CSF and BAFF and most CRP values returned to levels of the controls in post-LON samples. G-CSF (but not BAFF) changes correlated to CRP rises (but not to ANC levels). BAFF levels correlated significantly to absolute monocyte counts and PB large granular lymphocyte counts (but not to ANC, C-CSF or CRP values). No changes of SDF1 or APRIL levels were noted. Neither LON cases nor controls displayed anti-neutrophil autoantibodies. Collectively, LON in NHL patients was timewise related to transient bursts of blood G-CSF and BAFF concentrations, suggesting that these neutro- and lymphopoiesis growth factors play a role in emergence of rituximab-induced LON, and that inflammation may be a trigger for G-CSF production during LON.
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| 3. |
- van Boeckel, Petra G. A., et al.
(författare)
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No association between educational level and pancreatic cancer incidence in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-7821 .- 1877-783X. ; 34:6, s. 696-701
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Until now, studies examining the relationship between socioeconomic status and pancreatic cancer incidence have been inconclusive. Aim: To prospectively investigate to what extent pancreatic cancer incidence varies according to educational level within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Methods: In the EPIC study, socioeconomic status at baseline was measured using the highest level of education attained. Hazard ratios by educational level and a summary index, the relative indices of inequality (Rh), were estimated using Cox regression models stratified by age, gender, and center and adjusted for known risk factors. In addition, we conducted separate analyses by age, gender and geographical region. Results: Within the source population of 407, 944 individuals at baseline, 490 first incident primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma cases were identified in 9 European countries. The crude difference in risk of pancreatic cancer according to level of education was small and not statistically significant (RII = 1.14, 95% CI 0.80-1.62). Adjustment for known risk factors reduced the inequality estimates to only a small extent. In addition, no statistically significant associations were observed for age groups (adjusted RII <= (60) (years) = 0.85, 95% CI 0.44-1.64, adjusted RII> 60 years = 1.18, 95% CI 0.73-1.90), gender (adjusted RIImale = 1.20, 95% CI 0.68-2.10, adjusted RIIfemale = 0.96, 95% CI 0.56-1.62) or geographical region (adjusted RIINorthern Europe = 1.14, 95% CI 0.81-1.61, adjusted RIIMiddle (Europe) = 1.72, 95% CI 0.93-3.19, adjusted RIISouthern Europe = 0.75, 95% CI 0.32-1.80). Conclusion: Despite large educational inequalities in many risk factors within the EPIC study, we found no evidence for an association between educational level and the risk of developing pancreatic cancer in this European cohort. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Borena, Wegene, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic risk factors and primary liver cancer in a prospective study of 578,700 adults
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - Malden, MA : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 131:1, s. 193-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Initial studies have indicated diabetes and obesity to be risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma; but the association between other metabolic risk factors and primary liver cancer (PLC) has not been investigated. The metabolic syndrome and cancer project (Me-Can) includes cohorts from Norway, Austria and Sweden with data on 578,700 subjects. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate relative risks (RRs) of PLC by body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides as continuous standardized variables (z-score with mean = 0 and standard deviation (SD) = 1) and their standardized sum of metabolic syndrome (MetS) z-score. RRs were corrected for random error in measurements. During an average follow-up of 12.0 years (SD = 7.8), 266 PLCs were diagnosed among cohort members. RR of liver cancer per unit increment of z-score adjusted for age, smoking status and BMI and stratified by birth year, sex and sub-cohorts, was for BMI 1.39 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.241.58), mid blood pressure 2.08 (0.954.73), blood glucose 2.13 (1.552.94) cholesterol 0.62 (0.510.76) and serum triglycerides 0.85 (0.651.10). The RR per one unit increment of the MetS z-score was 1.35 (1.121.61). BMI, glucose and a composite MetS score were positively and cholesterol negatively associated with risk of liver cancer.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Häggström, Christel, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic syndrome and risk of bladder cancer: prospective cohort study in the metabolic syndrome and cancer project (Me-Can)
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 128:8, s. 1890-1898
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are little data on the putative association between factors in the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and risk of bladder cancer. In the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer project (Me-Can), measurements of height, weight, blood pressure and circulating levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides had been collected from 578,700 subjects in cohorts in Norway, Austria, and Sweden. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate relative risks (RRs) of bladder cancer by exposures divided into quintiles, in categories according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) and as a continuous standardized variable (z-score with mean = 0 and standard deviation = 1) for each separate component and its standardized sum, a composite MetS score. RRs were corrected for random error in measurements. During a mean follow-up of 11.7 years (SD = 7.6), 1,587 men and 327 women were diagnosed with bladder cancer. Significant associations with risk were found among men per one unit increment of z-score for blood pressure, RR 5 1.13 (95% CI 1.03-1.25), and the composite MetS score, RR = 1.10 (95% CI 1.01-1.18). Among women, glucose was nonsignificantly associated with risk, RR = 1.41 (95% CI 0.97-2.06). No statistically significant interactions were found between the components in the MetS in relation to bladder cancer risk. Hypertension and a composite MetS score were significantly but modestly associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer among men and elevated glucose was associated with a nonsignificant increase in risk among women. Epidemiology
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| 7. |
- Jakszyn, Paula 01, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary intake of heme iron and risk of gastric cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition study
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 130:11, s. 2654-2663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Even though recent studies suggest that a high intake of heme iron is associated with several types of cancer, epidemiological studies in relation to gastric cancer (GC) are lacking. Our previous results show a positive association between red and processed meat and non cardia gastric cancer, especially in Helicobacter pylori infected subjects. The aim of the study is to investigate the association between heme iron intake and GC risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EURGAST-EPIC). Dietary intake was assessed by validated center-specific questionnaires. Heme iron was calculated as a type-specific percentage of the total iron content in meat intake, derived from the literature. Antibodies of H. pylori infection and vitamin C levels were measured in a sub-sample of cases and matched controls included in a nested case-control study within the cohort. The study included 481,419 individuals and 444 incident cases of GC that occurred during an average of 8.7 years of followup. We observed a statistically significant association between heme iron intake and GC risk (HR 1.13 95% CI: 1.011.26 for a doubling of intake) adjusted by sex, age, BMI, education level, tobacco smoking and energy intake. The positive association between heme iron and the risk of GC was statistically significant in subjects with plasma vitamin C <39 mmol/l only (log2 HR 1.54 95% CI (1.012.35). We found a positive association between heme iron intake and gastric cancer risk.
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| 8. |
- Lindkvist, Bjorn, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence and Prevalence of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis in a Defined Adult Population in Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Hepatology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1527-3350 .- 0270-9139. ; 52:2, s. 571-577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Population-based studies on the epidemiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are sparse. The aim of the present study was to investigate prevalence and temporal trends in the incidence of PSC 1992-2005 in an adult population in Vastra Gotaland, a region in southern Sweden with a defined population of about 1.5 million. Patients with PSC aged 18 years or above were identified through a computerized search for diagnostic codes. A total number of 199 incident cases fulfilling Mayo criteria for PSC were identified through retrospective validation of clinical records. Temporal trends in the incidence of PSC were investigated by Poisson regression and expressed as average annual percent change (AAPC) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The point prevalence of PSC on December 31, 2005, was 16.2/100,000 in the total adult population (men, 23.7/100,000; women, 8.9/100,000). The annual incidence was 1.22/100,000 in the total adult population (men, 1.78/100,000; women, 0.69/100,000). The overall incidence rate of PSC increased significantly over the investigation period (AAPC 3.06, 95% CI 0.01-6.20). Stratified analysis revealed significantly increasing trends for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated PSC (AAPC 7.01, 95% CI 0.24-14.24) and large duct PSC (AAPC 6.32, 95% CI 0.03-13.02) in women and for PSC without IBD (AAPC 9.69, 95% CI 0.82-19.33) and small duct PSC (AAPC 17.88, 95% CI 0.95-40.25) in men. Conclusion: This is the first study to report a significantly increasing trend in the incidence of PSC. The prevalence of PSC at the end of the study period is the highest reported to date. This implies that the medical burden of PSC may be higher than estimated previously. (HEPATOLOGY 2010;52:571-577)
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| 9. |
- Rohrmann, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Ethanol intake and the risk of pancreatic cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7225 .- 0957-5243. ; 20:5, s. 785-794
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine the association of baseline and lifetime ethanol intake with cancer of the pancreas in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Included in this analysis were 478,400 subjects, of whom detailed information on the intake of alcoholic beverages at baseline and over lifetime was collected between 1992 and 2000. During a median follow-up time of 8.9 years, 555 non-endocrine pancreatic cancer cases were observed. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association of ethanol intake at recruitment and average lifetime ethanol intake and pancreatic cancer adjusting for smoking, height, weight, and history of diabetes. Overall, neither ethanol intake at recruitment (relative risk (RR) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69-1.27 comparing 30+ g/d vs. 0.1-4.9 g/d) nor average lifetime ethanol intake (RR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.65-1.39) was associated with pancreatic cancer risk. High lifetime ethanol intake from spirits/liquor at recruitment tended to be associated with a higher risk (RR = 1.40, 95% CI 0.93-2.10 comparing 10+ g/d vs. 0.1-4.9 g/d), but no associations were observed for wine and beer consumption. These results suggest no association of alcohol consumption with the risk of pancreatic cancer.
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| 10. |
- Serafini, Mauro, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary total antioxidant capacity and gastric cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition study
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 131:4, s. 544-554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A high intake of dietary antioxidant compounds has been hypothesized to be an appropriate strategy to reduce gastric cancer (GC) development. We investigated the effect of dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in relation to GC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) study including 23 centers in 10 European countries. A total of 521,457 subjects (153,447 men) aged mostly 3570 years old, were recruited largely between 1992 and 1998. Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), measuring reducing and chain-breaking antioxidant capacity were used to measure dietary TAC from plant foods. Dietary antioxidant intake is associated with a reduction in the risk of GC for both FRAP (adjusted HR 0.66; 95%CI (0.460.95) and TRAP (adjusted HR 0.61; 95%CI (0.430.87) (highest vs. lowest quintile). The association was observed for both cardia and noncardia cancers. A clear effect was observed in smokers with a significant reduction in GC risk for the fifth quintile of intake for both assays (highest vs. lowest quintile: adjusted HR 0.41; 95%CI (0.220.76) p for trend <0.001 for FRAP; adjusted HR 0.52; 95%CI (0.280.97) p for trend <0.001 for TRAP) but not in nonsmokers. In former smokers, the association with FRAP intake was statistically significant (highest vs. lowest quintile: adjusted HR 0.4; 95%CI (0.210.75) p < 0.05); no association was observed for TRAP. Dietary antioxidant capacity intake from different sources of plant foods is associated with a reduction in the risk of GC.
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