| 1. |
- Fröcklin, Sara, 1981-
(författare)
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Women in the Seascape : Gender, Livelihoods and Management of Coastal and Marine Resources in Zanzibar, East Africa
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- All over the world, coastal populations depend on, and influence, the environment in pursue of their livelihoods. Managing the environment, while meeting the growing demand for marine resources, is a challenge. It further requires knowledge about all actors. Women's contribution is often overlooked in research, policy and management of marine and coastal resources. This thesis aims to reduce this gap; a gender analysis is applied to differentiate women and men's access and use of the seascape and to address key gender issues in coastal livelihoods in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Paper I shows that men are typically engaged in fisheries and have access to the whole seascape, whereas women engage in less economically viable activities, such as seaweed farming and invertebrate harvesting, in near-shore areas. A limitation for women to reach the whole seascape is a general lack of boat transport, swimming skills and fishing gear. Paper II analyzes occupational health within seaweed farming and shows that women seaweed farmers suffer from a variety of problems, such as eye infections, musculoskeletal pains, respiratory problems and fatigue, because of poor working conditions. Paper III addresses social and ecological aspects of invertebrate harvesting. This activity lacks proper management and over a five-year period (2005 to 2010), invertebrate abundance and species richness have decreased. It also reveals gender disparities in access to invertebrate collecting grounds and species of higher economic value. Paper IV examines gender within fish trade; women traders have less access to markets, high-value fish, a diverse customer-base, cold-storing facilities and fish trade associations. Income data shows that women's income is always lower. The management system is found to be androcentric and this thesis thus argues for the need to look at the "bigger picture"; the whole seascape, both men and women, and their interests should be considered in coastal and marine management.
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| 3. |
- Hillgren, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Glossary: Collaborative Future-Making
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Collaborative Future-Making is a research platform at the Faculty of Culture and Society at Malmö University that is concerned with how to envision, elaborate and prototype multiple, inclusive, and sustainable futures. The platform gathers around 20 researchers that share a methodological interest in how critical perspectives from the humanities and social sciences can be combined with the constructive and collaborative aspects of making and prototyping in design research.The research centers around two major themes:Critical imagination, which focuses on how basic assumptions, norms and structures can be challenged to widen the perspectives on what can constitute socially, culturally, ecologically and economically sustainable and resilient futures.Collaborative engagements, which focuses on how we can set up more inclusive collaborations to prototype and discuss alternative futures, engaging not only professionals and policy makers but also citizens and civil society.During 2019 the research group set out to make a shared glossary for collaborative future-making. The glossary is multiple in purpose and exists in several versions. Hopefully there will be more to come. At first, the making and articulation of the glossary was used within the research group as an exercise to share concepts that we found central to collaborative future-making, coming from different disciplines. This published version of the glossary was assembled to be used during a workshop called Imagining Collaborative Future-Making, which gathered a group of international researchers from different disciplines.The collection of concepts reflects the heterogeneous and diverse character of the research group and a strong belief in that plurality regarding ontologies and epistemologies will be crucial to be able to handle the multiple uncertainties and complex challenges we have to face in the future. Some of the concepts are already well established within different research communities, but gain a specific meaning in relation to the research area. Others are more preliminary attempts to advance our understanding or probe into new potential practices within collaborative future-making. In that sense the concepts in the glossary are well situated and grounded in past and ongoing research within this research group, at the same time as they are meant to suggest, propose and point towards practices and approaches yet to come.The concepts in this glossary are not only meant to be descriptive but also performative. In that sense, assembling and circulating this glossary is part of collaborative future-making. As pointed out by Michelle Westerlaken in her articulation of “Doing Concepts” (see page 15), “...without proposing, critiquing, or working towards a common or uncommon understanding of certain concepts, it becomes impossible to ‘make futures’ in any deliberate fashion.”
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| 4. |
- Janhäll, Sara, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Utvärdering av städmaskiners förmåga att reducera vägdammsförrådet i gatu- och tunnelmiljöer i Trondheim
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För att undvika överskridande av miljökvalitetsnormerna för partiklar (PM10) har Statens vegvesen Vegdirektoratet i Trondheim genomfört ett försök att rengöra en vägtunnel och en vägsträcka med tre olika städmaskiner för att minska mängden vägdamm. Ett stort antal andra tester redovisas i huvudrapporten, medan föreliggande rapport fokuserar på hur stort vägdammsförrådet varit före och efter städningen med olika maskiner i de olika miljöerna.Resultatet visar att städning minskar vägdammsförrådet effektivt i gatumiljö med två av de tre olika maskinerna, medan vägdammsförrådet ökar av städning i tunnelmiljö. En teori kan vara att detta kan bero på att även väggar och tak städas i tunnelmiljön, vilket skulle kunna medföra att städningen flyttar partiklar från tak och väggar till vägytan. Tunnelstädningen utförs med rengöringsmedel, vilket ger en annan kemisk miljö, som kan lösa upp vägdammet längre ner i texturen och tillgängliggöra det för provtagningsutrustningen.
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| 6. |
- Lindström, Sara, 1979-
(författare)
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Genetic variation and prostate cancer : population-based association studies in Sweden
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Prostate cancer constitutes the most common malignancy and the most common cause of cancer‐related death in Swedish men. A large body of evidence suggests that inherited genetic variants contribute to both development and progression of prostate cancer. The aim of this thesis is to identify genetic variants that alter prostate cancer risk and progression. All papers included in this thesis are based on a Swedish population‐based case‐control study (CAPS) comprising 2,965 incident prostate cancer cases and 1,823 controls.In paper I, we investigated if genetic variants in the E‐cadherin gene altered prostate cancer risk. Seven haplotype tagging SNPs(tagSNPs) were selected and genotyped in CAPS and families with hereditary prostate cancer. We confirmed association of a promoter SNP rs16260 previously reported to increase risk of hereditary prostate cancer (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.6‐4.3) for homozygous ‘A’ carriers.In paper II, we assessed 46 polymorphisms earlier reported to be associated with prostate cancer risk. Six polymorphisms in five different genes were replicated. Interestingly, three of these genes were involved in the androgen biosynthesis.In paper III, we followed up on the results from paper II by genotyping 23 tagSNPs located in the hormone regulating genes AR, CYP17 and SRD5A2. Multiple SNPs and haplotypes were associated withprostate cancer risk, especially in the AR gene. Combining risk alleles from all genes revealed a substantial risk increase for each additional allele carried (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.1‐1.2, P=0.00009).In paper IV, we collected information about cause of death for all case patients in CAPS. At time of follow‐up 300 study subjects were deceased from prostate cancer. We assessed AR, CYP17 and SRD5A2 variants for association with lethal prostate cancer and found overall no association. However, one AR promoter SNP was associated with an increased risk of dying from prostate cancer amongst men who received palliative hormonal therapy as primary treatment.In paper V, we assessed common genetic variation at the ERG locus for association between prostate cancer risk and survival. ERG is recognized as a protooncogene frequently overexpressed in prostate cancer. A total of 21 tagSNPs in the 5’ region of ERG were genotyped. There was no correlation between ERG SNPs and prostate cancer risk but common genetic variation located approximately 100,000 basepairs upstream of ERG was significantly associated with prostate cancer specific survival.In summary, our results suggest that common genetic variation in Ecadherin alters prostate cancer risk in Swedish men with a positive family history of prostate cancer. Moreover, common genetic variation in the androgen‐related genes AR, CYP17 and SRD5A2 affects the risk of developing prostate cancer but is unlikely to alter prostate cancer progression. However, genetic variants in AR may affect hormonal therapy response. Finally, ERG polymorphisms are associated with prostate cancer‐specific death but are not likely to play a role in prostate cancer development.
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| 7. |
- Lindström, Sara, 1980-
(författare)
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Microwell devices for single-cell analyses
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Powerful tools for detailed cellular studies are emerging, increasing the knowledge ofthe ultimate target of all drugs: the living cell. Today, cells are commonly analyzed inensembles, i.e. thousands of cells per sample, yielding results on the average responseof the cells. However, cellular heterogeneity implies the importance of studying howindividual cells respond, one by one, in order to learn more about drug targeting andcellular behavior. In vitro assays offering low volume sampling and rapid analysis in ahigh-throughput manner are of great interest in a wide range of single-cellapplications. This work presents a microwell device in silicon and glass, developed using standardmicrofabrication techniques. The chip was designed to allow flow-cytometric cellsorting, a controlled way of analyzing and sorting individual cells for dynamic cultureand clone formation, previously shown in larger multiwell plates only. Dependent onthe application, minor modifications to the original device were made resulting in agroup of microwell devices suitable for various applications. Leukemic cancer cellswere analyzed with regard to their clonogenic properties and a method forinvestigation of drug response of critical importance to predict long-term clinicaloutcome, is presented. Stem cells from human and mouse were maintainedpluripotent in a screening assay, also shown useful in studies on neural differentiation.For integrated liquid handling, a fluidic system was integrated onto the chip fordirected and controlled addition of reagents in various cell-based assays. The chip wasproduced in a slide format and used as an imaging tool for low-volume sampling withthe ability to run many samples in parallel, demonstrated in a protein-binding assay fora novel bispecific affinity protein. Moving from cells and proteins into geneticanalysis, a method for screening genes from clones in a rapid manner was shown bygene amplification and mutation analysis in individual wells. In summary, a microwelldevice with associated methods were developed and applied in a range of biologicalinvestigations, particularly interesting from a cell-heterogeneity perspective.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Sara, 1990-
(författare)
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How requirements development could support design of effective and resource-efficient offerings
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What a company offers its customers has to fulfil several different needs, desires, constraints, which can originate from multiple different sources that affect the offering throughout its life cycle. All these criteria have to come together and be translated into statements that can support the designer’s understanding of the offering’s purpose. This translation is done through a requirements development process to provide a controlled process to define statements that describe what the offering is supposed to fulfil.This research provides insights on key challenges and success factors in requirements development to support the design of effective and resource-efficient offerings. Namely, it identifies crucial sources and aspects to be considered, and a requirements development process demonstrating how to overcome identified challenges. By getting the requirements right from the beginning, sub-optimisation and unnecessary time and risks can be avoided. The consideration of accurate sources and aspects is considered to be one of the most important factors for the successful design of offerings. It is also in the earliest phases of design, that is to say requirements development, where one has the greatest possibility to affect the environmental impact of the offering. What is missing, however, is sufficient and appropriate support in industry on how to do so.The gap between the three areas of effectiveness and resource efficiency, design of integrated offerings, and requirements development has been investigated. Results are based on findings in the literature and in industry, identified primarily by qualitative studies. In the research, 15 different companies have been included through a number of interviews and discussions.Key sources and aspects to consider in the requirements development process are identified along with challenges, and success factors that can be utilised to overcome the identified challenges. This research’s final results include an adapted requirements development process that considers the earlier-mentioned sources and aspect, challenges, and success factors. Such a requirements development process should support the design of effective and resource-efficient offerings.
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| 10. |
- Olofsson, Jonas K., et al.
(författare)
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Smell-based memory training : Evidence of olfactory learning andtransfer to a visual task
- 2024
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In cognitive training interventions, engaging in visual processing tasks rarely stimulate transfer of learning to untrained tasks. Human and animal research suggests that the sense of smell, olfaction, are intimately associated with visual-spatial orientation and memory encoding networks. In this study, we investigated if olfactory enhancement would facilitate visuo-spatial learning. We devised an odor memory intervention to investigate “asymmetric” transfer effects such that odor-based memory training would transfer to a visual-based memory gain, but not vice versa. Participants were randomly assigned to daily memory training for 40 days with either the odor task or a visual control task with a similar difficulty level. Results showed that while visual training did not produce transfer, olfactory training produced transfer to the untrained visual memory task. Furthermore, odor training uniquely improved participants’ performance on odor discrimination and naming tasks to achieve the performance level of wine experts. Our results indicate that the olfactory system is highly responsive to training, and the sense of smell might be a promising vehicle to achieve perceptual and cognitive enhancement.
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