| 1. |
- Linninge, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Probiotic therapy to men with incipient arteriosclerosis initiates increased bacterial diversity in colon: A randomized controlled trial.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 208, s. 228-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to clarify the microbial change in the intestinal microbiota in patients, with cardiovascular disease, consuming a drink with high numbers of live Lactobacillus plantarum. METHODS: Sixteen males, with atherosclerotic plaque on the carotid wall, were randomly selected from a larger cohort and included in this double blind, placebo controlled study. Colonic biopsies, taken before and after four weeks of probiotic treatment, were analysed with Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, including digestion with MspI and HaeIII. Microbial diversity was calculated, short-chain fatty acids in faeces, and blood markers were analysed. RESULTS: Consumption of one probiotic strain of L. plantarum (DSM 9843) increased intestinal microbial diversity. The probiotic group had an increased diversity after consumption of the probiotic drink compared to the change in the placebo group when Shannon and Weaner diversity index (MspI and HaeIII, p=0.026) and Simpson index of diversity (MspI, p=0.044 and HaeIII, p=0.026) were calculated. The fermentation pattern of short-chain fatty acids in faeces were unaffected for most acids, but the probiotic group had decreased concentration of isovaleric acid (p=0.006) and valeric acid (p=0.029). Viable count of lactobacilli increased in the probiotic group (p=0.001), but no significant changes in blood markers were observed. CONCLUSION: Administration of a single-strain probiotic increases the bacterial diversity in the gut, and affects the concentration of some short-chain fatty acids. Consumption of the single strain L. plantarum DSM 9843 might be a strategy to favour a diverse intestinal microbiota, which is beneficial for the host.
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| 2. |
- Wang, Mei, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced diversity in the early fecal microbiota of infants developing atopic eczema
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6825 .- 0091-6749. ; 121:1, s. 129-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background It might be that early intestinal colonization by bacteria in westernized infants fails to give rise to sufficient immune stimulation to support maturation of regulatory immune mechanisms. Objective The purpose of the present study was to characterize the very early infantile microbiota by using a culture-independent approach and to relate the colonization pattern to development of atopic eczema in the first 18 months of life. Methods Fecal samples were collected from 35 infants at 1 week of age. Twenty infants were healthy, and 15 infants were given diagnoses of atopic eczema at the age of 18 months. The fecal microbiota of the infants was compared by means of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE) analysis of amplified 16S rRNA genes. Results By means of T-RFLP analysis, the median number of peaks, Shannon-Wiener index, and Simpson index of diversity were significantly less for infants with atopic eczema than for infants remaining healthy in the whole group and for the Swedish infants when AluI was used for digestion. The same was found when TTGE patterns were compared. In addition, TTGE analysis showed significantly less bands and lower diversity indices for the British atopic infants compared with those of the control subjects. Conclusion There is a reduced diversity in the early fecal microbiota of infants with atopic eczema during the first 18 months of life.
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| 3. |
- Fåk, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation are modulated by E. coli in rat offspring
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5497 .- 0307-0565. ; 36:5, s. 744-751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Microbial manipulations in early life can affect gut development and inflammatory status of the neonate. The maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation also influences the health of the offspring, but the impact of maternal high-fat (HF) feeding along with modulations of the gut microbiota on body weight, fat deposition and gut function in the offspring has been poorly studied. Methods: Rat dams were given access to either an HF or a standard low-fat diet during the last 2 weeks of pregnancy and during lactation and effects on body weight and gastrointestinal function were investigated in the 14-day-old offspring. To elucidate whether bacterial administration to the dam could modulate any effects of the diets in the rat pups, another group of dams were given Escherichia coli in their drinking water. Results: Maternal HF feeding resulted in increased body and fat pad weights in the offspring, along with increased levels of the acute-phase protein, haptoglobin and decreased protein content and disaccharidase activities in the small intestine. The addition of E. coli further accentuated these responses in the young rats, which, in addition to higher body weights and increased fat deposition, also showed an increased intestinal permeability and elevated levels of haptoglobin. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates for the first time how bacterial administration to the maternal diet during the neonatal period can affect body weight and fat deposition in the offspring. The results point to a mechanistic link between the gut microbiota, increased intestinal permeability and metabolic endotoxemia, which appear to have led to increased adiposity in the young rats. International Journal of Obesity (2012) 36, 744-751; doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.118; published online 5 July 2011
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| 4. |
- Håkansson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Immunological alteration and changes of gut microbiota after dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) administration in mice
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1591-9528. ; 15:1, s. 107-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized bychronic inflammation of the colonic mucosa. Administrationof dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to animals is a frequentlyused model to mimic human colitis. Deregulationof the immune response to the enteric microflora orpathogens as well as increased intestinal permeability havebeen proposed as disease-driving mechanisms. To enlargethe understanding of the pathogenesis, we have studied theeffect of DSS on the immune system and gut microbiota inmice. Intestinal inflammation was verified through histologicalevaluation and myeloperoxidase activity. Immunologicalchanges were assessed by flow cytometry inspleen, Peyer0s patches and mesenteric lymph nodes andthrough multiplex cytokine profiling. In addition, quantificationof the total amount of bacteria on colonic mucosaas well as the total amount of lactobacilli, Akkermansia,Desulfovibrio and Enterobacteriaceae was performed bythe use of quantitative PCR. Diversity and communitystructure were analysed by terminal restriction fragmentlength polymorphism (T-RFLP) patterns, and principalcomponent analysis was utilized on immunological andT-RFLP patterns. DSS-induced colitis show clinical andhistological similarities to UC. The composition of thecolonic microflora was profoundly changed and correlatedwith several alterations of the immune system. The resultsdemonstrate a relationship between multiple immunologicalchanges and alterations of the gut microbiota after DSSadministration. These data highlight and improve the definitionof the immunological basis of the disease andsuggest a role for dysregulation of the gut microbiota in thepathogenesis of colitis.
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| 5. |
- Linninge, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in the colon mucosa in diverticular disease
- 2018
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Ingår i: World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology. - : Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.. - 2150-5330. ; 9:1, s. 18-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM:To compare gut bacterial diversity and amount of Enterobacteriaceae in colonic mucosa between patients with and without diverticular disease (DD).METHODS:Patients in a stable clinical condition with planned elective colonoscopy were included. Blood samples and colon mucosa biopsies were collected at the colonoscopy. Study questionnaires including questions about gastrointestinal symptoms were completed by the patients and physicians. DNA from mucosa samples was isolated and the amount of Enterobacteriaceae was estimated using PCR assay. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism was applied to assess microbial diversity. Diversity was estimated by calculations of richness (number of terminal restriction fragments) and Shannon-Wiener and Simpson's indices.RESULTS:A total of 51 patients were included, 16 patients with DD [68 (62-76) years] and 35 controls [62 (40-74) years] without any diverticula. Patients with DD had significantly higher levels of Enterobacteriaceae than those without DD (P = 0.043), and there was an inverse relationship between the amount of Enterobacteriaceae and the Simpson's index (rs = -0.361, P = 0.033) and the Shannon-Wiener index (rs = -0.299, P = 0.081). The Simpson's index (P = 0.383), Shannon-Wiener index (P = 0.401) or number of restrictions fragments (P = 0.776) did not differ between DD and controls. The majority of patients experienced gastrointestinal symptoms, and 22 patients (43.1%) fulfilled the criteria for irritable bowel syndrome, with no difference between the groups (P = 0.212). Demography, socioeconomic status, lifestyle habits, inflammatory biomarkers, or symptoms were not related to the amount of Enterobacteriaceae or bacterial diversity.CONCLUSION:Patients with DD had higher amount of Enterobacteriaceae in the colon mucosa compared to patients without diverticula.
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| 6. |
- Linninge, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Effects on weight gain and gut microbiota in rats given bacterial supplements and a high-energy-dense diet from fetal life through to 6 months of age
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 106:6, s. 887-895
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effects of a high-energy dense diet, supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) or Escherichia coli (Ec) on weight gain, fattening and the gut microbiota in rats. Since the mother’s dietary habits can influence offspring physiology, the dietary regimes started with the dams at pregnancy and through lactation, and continued with the offspring for six months. The weight gain of group Lp was lower than for groups C (control) and Ec (P=0•086). More retroperitoneal adipose tissue (P=0•030) and higher plasma leptin (P=0•035) were seen in group Ec compared to group Lp. The viable count of Enterobacteriaceae was higher in group Ec than in group Lp (P=0•019) and when all animals were compared, Enterobacteriaceae correlated positively with body weight (r=0•428, P=0•029). Bacterial diversity was lower in group Ec than in groups C (P=<0•05) and Lp (P=<0•05). Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia dominated in all groups, but Bacteroidetes were more prevalent in group C than in groups Lp (P=0•036) and Ec (P=0•056). The same five bacterial families dominated the microbiota of groups Ec and C, and four of these were also present in group Lp. The other five families dominating in group Lp were not found in any of the other groups. Multivariate data analysis pointed in the same directions as the univariate statistics. Our results suggest that supplementation of L. plantarum or E. coli can have long-term effects on the composition of the intestinal microbiota, as well as on weight gain and fattening.
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| 7. |
- Linninge, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-treatment with antibiotics and Escherichia coli to equalize the gut microbiota in conventional mice.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1572-9699 .- 0003-6072. ; 107:1, s. 149-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The composition of the gut microbiota can vary widely between individual mice of the same batch and thereby affect the resulting outcome in experimental studies. Therefore, an efficient method is needed to equalize the gut microbiota prior to the start of critical experiments. In order to minimize variations in gut microbiota between animals and provide the animals with a Gram-negative flora exposing lipopolysaccharides in the cell-walls, C57BL/6 mice were given a mixture of ampicillin, metronidazole and clindamycin in the drinking water for 3 days and then Escherichia coli for two additional days. Treatment with antibiotics alone or with antibiotics in combination with E. coli was well tolerated by all animals. Body weight and liver weight were not affected, although higher hepatic fat content was found in treated animals (p < 0.05). The diversity of the gut microbiota was strongly reduced in animals treated with antibiotics and antibiotics in combination with E. coli (p < 0.01), without affecting the total amount of bacteria. Cloned and sequenced 16S rRNA genes showed high presence of Enterobacteriaceae and Porphymonadaceae in the treated animals. Analysis with Principal Component Analysis gave a clear separation of the composition in microbiota between different treatment groups. The described treatment efficiently equalized the gut microbiota and provided the animals with a strong abundance of Enterobacteriaceae without changing the total load of bacteria. This is a straightforward, lenient and efficient method of pre-treatment to equalize the gut microbiota of mice as a starting procedure of animal studies.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Linninge, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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The Microbiota of the Gut in Preschool Children With Normal and Excessive Body Weight
- 2012
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-739X .- 1930-7381. ; 20:11, s. 2257-2261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the gut microbiota in preschool children with and without overweight and obesity. Twenty overweight or obese children and twenty children with body mass index within the normal range (age: 4-5 years) were recruited from the south of Sweden. The gut microbiota was accessed by quantitative polymerase chain reactions and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and calprotectin was measured in faeces. Liver enzymes were quantified in obese/overweight children. The concentration of the Gram-negative family Enterobacteriaceae was significantly higher in the obese/overweight children (P=0.036) while levels of Desulfovibrio and Akkermansia muciniphila-like bacteria were significantly lower in the obese/overweight children (P=0.027 and P=0.030, respectively). No significant differences were found in content of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium or the Bacteroides fragilis group. The diversity of the dominating bacterial community tended to be less diverse in the obese/overweight group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Concentration of Bifidobacterium was inversely correlated to alanine aminotransferase in obese/overweight children. The faecal levels of calprotectin did not differ between the study groups. These findings indicate that the gut microbiota differed among preschool children with obesity/overweight compared with children with body mass index within the normal range.
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| 10. |
- Stene, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Administration of probiotics to healthy volunteers : effects on reactivity of intestinal mucosa and systemic leukocytes
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Gastroenterology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-230X. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Oral administration of health-promoting bacteria is increasingly used in clinical practise. These bacteria have anti-inflammatory characteristics and modulate the immune system without major reported side effects. The mechanisms of action are not yet fully defined. Our aim was to study systemic effects of probiotics by measurements of leukocytes as well as local effects on rectal mucosal biopsies after adding a standardized inflammatory stimulus in vitro. Methods: Fourteen healthy subjects were randomized to receive 1010 colony forming units/day orally of the probiotic strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299 (Lp299), n = 7, or Bifidobacterium infantis CURE21 (CURE21), n = 7, for six weeks. Rectal biopsies were taken before and after ingestion of either probiotic strain product, for stimulation in vitro with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) at 10 and 100 ng/ml respectively up to 8 h. Blood tests were sampled before and after treatment. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) confirmed viable tissue. Results: Composition of the intestinal microbiota was not changed. Systemic leukocytes decreased after administration of CURE21 (P<0.05) and Lp299 (P<0.01). Levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in rectal mucosa after stimulation with TNF-α were attenuated after ingestion of Lp299. No effect was seen with CURE21. Conclusions: Administration of these probiotic strains to healthy humans show both a systemic and local reduction of inflammatory response by lowering leukocyte counts, and for Lp299 IL-6 levels in rectal mucosa. Probiotics may play an important role in the reduction of inflammatory responses expected after trauma during surgery or after pelvic irradiation. Trial registration Clinical Trials, registration number NCT01534572, retrospectively registered (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
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