| 1. |
- Bramsved, Rebecka, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Children's BMI is strongly effected by family income at birth – but parental education is of major importance for the growing social gap up to 8 years of age
- 2015
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Ingår i: Obesity Facts. - Basel : S. Karger. - 1662-4033.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The development of BMI in early childhood is dependent on socioeconomic factors. Our aim was to explore the impact of parental education level and family income for development of BMI from birth to 8 years age.Methods: 3018 children born in 1998–2006 from the IDEFICS study and register controls were included. Weight and height measurements from birth up to 8 years of age were obtained from the Child Health Services. Parental education and family disposable income, obtained from Statistics Sweden and the Medical Birth Register, were defined as high/low. Obesity was defined by WHO references. Confounders were sex and age of the child, parental origin, maternal smoking and maternal BMI.Results: At birth, the children’s mean BMI (SD) was lower in families of low vs. high income (13,74 (1,35) vs. 13,94 (1,36), p<0.0001). Results remained significant after adjusting for confounders. No differences in birth BMI were detected between children of low and high-educated parents (13,87 (1,37) vs. 13,83 (1,35), p=0.48). From 6 months onwards, children of low-educated parents showed higher mean BMI than children of high-educated. At 8 years, mean BMI in the low/high educated groups were 17.12 (2.44) and 16.38 (1.94), p<0.0001. Results remained significant after adjusting for confounders. Prevalence of obesity in the low and high-educated groups were 11% and 4,1%, p<0,0001. The difference in BMI at 8 years seen in the low/high income group disappeared after adjusting for confounders (17.5 vs. 17.6, p=0,63).Conclusion: Impact of family socioeconomic factors on children’s BMI differs by income and education. The effect of parental education becomes more evident by age up to 8 years of age. Interventions for healthy weight development must start very early in life.
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| 2. |
- Bramsved, Rebecka, et al.
(författare)
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Parental education and family income affect birthweight, early longitudinal growth and body mass index development differently
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 107:11, s. 1946-1952
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: This study investigated the effects of two parental socio-economic characteristics, education and income, on growth and risk of obesity in children from birth to 8 years of age.METHODS: Longitudinal growth data and national register-based information on socio-economic characteristics were available for 3,030 Swedish children. The development of body mass index (BMI) and height was compared in groups dichotomised by parental education and income.RESULTS: Low parental education was associated with a higher BMI from 4 years of age, independent of income, immigrant background, maternal BMI and smoking during pregnancy. Low family income was associated with a lower birthweight, but did not independently predict BMI development. At 8 years of age, children from less educated families had a three times higher risk of obesity, independent of parental income. Children whose parents had fewer years of education but high income had significantly higher height than all other children.CONCLUSION: Parental education protected against childhood obesity, even after adjusting for income and other important parental characteristics. Income-related differences in height, despite similar BMIs, raise questions about body composition and metabolic risk profiles. The dominant role of education underscores the value of health literacy initiatives for the parents of young children. ©2018 Foundation Acta Pædiatrica.
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| 3. |
- Mårild, Staffan, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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Features of childhood growth, lifestyle and environment associated with a cardiometabolic risk score in young adults.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Obesity facts. - : S. Karger AG. - 1662-4033 .- 1662-4025. ; 15, s. 170-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In young adults, the metabolic syndrome is rare. To better assess the risks for future cardiovascular disease, a cardiometabolic score can be used, ranking the disease risk in each subject. The score is a continuous variable summarising the individual z-scores for waist circumference, blood pressure, blood levels of glucose, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. Our main aim was to assess the association between early childhood growth and the cardiometabolic score in young adults.Study participants were recruited among subjects in the longitudinal population-based GrowUp 1990 Gothenburg study. Those with information on weight and length at birth, as well as weight, height, waist circumference, and parental BMI at ten years of age were invited to participate in a health survey at 18-20 years of age. 513 young adults (female 51%) were included. Multivariable linear stepwise regression analysis was applied.The mean (SD) BMI was 22.2 (3.26) in males and 21.3 (2.69) kg/m² in females; the cardiometabolic score was 0.24 (3.12) and -0.22 (3.18), respectively. A statistically significantly higher score (p<0.001) was seen in individuals with metabolic syndrome, as defined by IDF. After controlling for adult lifestyle features, BMI z-score at ten years of age was significant risk factor in both sexes for an elevated cardiometabolic score in early adulthood, mean(SE) beta 0.47(0.19), p=0.014 in males, 0.82(017) p<0.0001 in females. In males, high maternal BMI and low age at adiposity rebound and in females high birth weight were also associated with a statistically significant risk. Additionally, contraceptive use in females was a risk factor for elevated cardiometabolic score and, in males a high lifestyle related index score showed a protective association with the cardiometabolic score.A high BMI z-score at ten years of age is a risk factor for the cardiometabolic state in young adults, an outcome points to the preventive potential of monitoring BMI in ten-year-old schoolchildren. This finding must however be validated in a new large cohort. Moreover, in young adults in whom metabolic syndrome is rare, a cardiometabolic score seems to be a promising approach and potentially a more powerful tool to detect risks for cardiovascular disease later in life, than using metabolic syndrome categorisation.
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| 4. |
- Regber, Susann, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of selection bias in a health survey of children and families – the IDEFICS Sweden-study
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - London : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A health survey was performed in 2007-2008 in the IDEFICS/Sweden study (Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants) in children aged 2-9 years. We hypothesized that families with disadvantageous socioeconomic and -demographic backgrounds and children with overweight and obesity were underrepresented.METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, we compared Swedish IDEFICS participants (N=1,825) with referent children (N=1,825) using data from Statistics Sweden population registers. IDEFICS participants were matched for age and gender with a referent child living in the same municipality. Longitudinal weight and height data from birth to 8 years was collected for both populations (n=3,650) from the children's local health services. Outcome measures included the family's socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, maternal body mass index (BMI) and smoking habits before pregnancy, the children's BMI standard deviation score (SDS) at the age of inclusion in the IDEFICS study (BMISDS-index), and the children's BMI-categories during the age-span. Comparisons between groups were done and a multiple logistic regression analysis for the study of determinants of participation in the IDEFICS study was performed.RESULTS: Compared with IDEFICS participants, referent families were more likely to have lower education and income, foreign backgrounds, be single parents, and have mothers who smoked before pregnancy. Maternal BMI before pregnancy and child's BMISDS-index did not differ between groups. Comparing the longitudinal data-set, the prevalence of obesity was significantly different at age 8 years n= 45 (4.5%) versus n= 31 (2.9%) in the referent and IDEFICS populations, respectively. In the multivariable adjusted model, the strongest significant association with IDEFICS study participation was parental Swedish background (odds ratio (OR) = 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.48-2.47) followed by parents having high education OR 1.80, 95% CI (1.02-3.16) and being married or co-habiting OR 1.75 95% CI (1.38-2.23).CONCLUSION: Families with single parenthood, foreign background, low education and income were underrepresented in the IDEFICS Sweden study. BMI at inclusion had no selection effect, but developing obesity was significantly greater among referents. © 2013 Regber et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
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| 5. |
- Regber, Susann, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Family Socioeconomic Status and Participation Bias in the Swedish IDEFICS Health Survey of Young Children : Implications for Health Promoting Interventions?
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Childhood obesity has an uneven socioeconomic distribution. In health interventions, equity aspects are crucial. In 2007–2008, the IDEFICS/Sweden health survey (Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants) was performed in children aged 2–9 years, followed by a health promoting community intervention.Aims: To assess if families with disadvantageous socioeconomic and -demographic backgrounds and children with obesity were underrepresented.Methods: IDEFICS participants (N = 1,825) were compared with a referent child matched for age, gender and municipality (N = 1,825) by using registers from Statistics Sweden. Longitudinal growth data from birth to 8 years was collected from local health services (n = 3,650) to compare children's BMI standard deviation score (SDS) at age of inclusion in the IDEFICS study (BMI SDS-index) and the children's BMI-categories during the age-span between the groups.Results: The referent population had significantly lower education and income, more often foreign backgrounds, single parenthood and mother-smokers than the IDEFICS population. BMI SDS-index at inclusion did not differ between groups but the obesity prevalence differed significantly at age 8 years (referents: 4.5% vs. IDEFICS: 2.9%). In the multivariate adjusted model, parental Swedish background showed the strongest association to participation (odds ratio = 1.91, 95% confidence interval (1.48–2.47).Conclusion: Children with disadvantageous socioeconomic and -demographic backgrounds were underrepresented in the Swedish IDEFICS study. BMI at inclusion had no selection effect, but developing obesity was significantly greater among referents. Selection biases are important to consider when interpreting results from health surveys and in planning intervention programmes.
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| 6. |
- Sjöberg, Agneta, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Body size and lifestyle in an urban population entering adulthood: the 'Grow up Gothenburg' Study.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 101:9, s. 964-972
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To present data on body size, lifestyle and health status in students in their final year in high schools in Gothenburg area, Sweden, with specific attention to origin and gender. Methods: Weight, height and waist circumference were measured by standardized procedures. Self-administered questionnaires described dietary habits, sleep, physical activity, body image, country of origin and general health. Results: Eighty-six percent of participants, (2600 girls, 2714 boys, mean age 18.6years) were of Nordic origin, 86% reported no chronic health problems and 14%/19% of girls/boys were overweight or obese. Girls consumed more vegetables and fruits and fewer sweet drinks than boys, while breakfast consumption was most common in Nordic groups. Boys reported more positive answers than girls regarding body image. Nordic girls had more negative body image and higher morbidity compared with other groups. Conclusion: Within this generally healthy cohort, boys were more likely to be overweight/obese than girls, although paradoxically boys were more satisfied with their appearance. Nordic girls constitute a group with particularly high risk of reporting low body self-esteem and chronic morbidity. In the longer term, the current cross-sectional data on body size, lifestyle and health will provide important baseline information for future follow-up studies of health outcomes in later life.
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| 7. |
- Sjöberg, Agneta, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Recent anthropometric trends among Swedish school children: evidence for decreasing prevalence of overweight in girls.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 97:1, s. 118-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To assess the recent prevalence of overweight and obesity in 10 year old children in Göteborg, Sweden. Methods: Cross-sectional data on weight and height from school health examinations, including fourth grade children, born in 1974 (n = 4126), 1990 (n = 4683) and 1994 (n = 4193) and measured in academic years 1984/1985, 2000/2001 and 2004/2005, were used. Weight classification was based on age- and sex-specific body mass index cutoff values. The two latest cohorts were classified according to socio-economic areas. Results: Between 2000/2001 and 2004/2005, the prevalence of overweight plus obesity in girls decreased from 19.6% to 15.9% (p < 0.01). Prevalence of obesity was 3.0% and 2.5% (nonsignificant), respectively. In boys, all differences between the corresponding cohorts were nonsignificant: 17.1% versus 17.6% were overweight (including obese) and 2.9% versus 2.8% were obese. In 1984/1985, prevalence of overweight plus obesity was only 8.6% among girls and 7.2% among boys, while 0.8% and 0.7% were classified as obese, respectively. The socio-economic gradient in overweight prevalence remained, particularly in girls. Conclusions: This study suggests that the obesity epidemic in 10-11 year olds may be easing off in urban Sweden, and possibly reversing among girls. Even if future monitoring confirms these findings, much health promoting work still remains since the power of the 'obesogenic environment' will probably continue to be strong
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| 8. |
- Ahrens, W, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic syndrome in young children: definitions and results of the IDEFICS study.
- 2014
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Ingår i: International journal of obesity (2005). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5497 .- 0307-0565. ; 38 Suppl 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) using reference standards obtained in European children and to develop a quantitative MetS score and describe its distribution in children.
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| 9. |
- Ahrens, W, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of overweight and obesity in European children below the age of 10.
- 2014
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Ingår i: International journal of obesity (2005). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5497 .- 0307-0565. ; 38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a lack of common surveillance systems providing comparable figures and temporal trends of the prevalence of overweight (OW), obesity and related risk factors among European preschool and school children. Comparability of available data is limited in terms of sampling design, methodological approaches and quality assurance. The IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health Effects in Children and infantS) study provides one of the largest European data sets of young children based on state-of-the-art methodology.
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| 10. |
- Ahrens, W, et al.
(författare)
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The IDEFICS cohort: design, characteristics and participations in the baseline survey.
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - 1476-5497. ; 35:suppl 1, s. 3-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The European IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants) study was set up to determine the aetiology of overweight, obesity and related disorders in children, and to develop and evaluate a tailored primary prevention programme. OBJECTIVE: This paper focuses on the aetiological element of the multicentre study, the measures and examinations, sociodemographic characteristics of the study sample and proportions of participation. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with an embedded intervention study that started with a baseline survey in eight countries in 2007-2008. SUBJECTS AND MEASUREMENTS: Baseline participants of the prospective cohort study were 16,224 children aged 2-9 years. Parents reported sociodemographic, behavioural, medical, nutritional and other lifestyle data for their children and families. Examinations of children included anthropometry, blood pressure, fitness, accelerometry, DNA from saliva and physiological markers in blood and urine. The built environment, sensory taste perception and other mechanisms of children's food choices and consumer behaviour were studied in subgroups. RESULTS: Between 1507 and 2567, children with a mean age of 6.0 years and an even sex distribution were recruited from each country. Of them, 82% lived in two-parent families. The distribution of standardised income levels differed by study sample, with low-income groups being strongly represented in Cyprus, Italy and Germany. At least one 24-h dietary recall was obtained for two-thirds of the children. Blood pressure and anthropometry were assessed in more than 90%. A 3-day accelerometry was performed in 46%, motor fitness was assessed in 41%, cardiorespiratory fitness in 35% and ∼11% participated in taste perception tests. The proportion of children donating venous blood, urine and saliva was 57, 86 and 88%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The IDEFICS cohort provides valuable data to investigate the interplay of social, environmental, genetic, physiological and behavioural factors in the development of major diet- and lifestyle-related disorders affecting children at present.
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