| 1. |
- Björkelund, Cecilia, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Secular trends in cardiovascular risk factors with a 36-year perspective: observations from 38- and 50-year-olds in the Population Study of women in Gothenburg
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7724 .- 0281-3432. ; 26:3, s. 140-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. cecilia.bjorkelund@allmed.gu.se OBJECTIVES: To study secular trends in cardiovascular risk factors in four different cohorts of women examined in 1968-1969, 1980-1981, 1992-1993 and 2004-2005. DESIGN: Comparison of four representative cohorts of 38- and 50-year-old women over a period of 36 years. SETTING: Gothenburg, Sweden with approximately 450,000 inhabitants. SUBJECTS: Four representative samples of 38- and 50-year-old women were invited to free health examinations (participation rate 59-90%, n =1901). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), leisure time exercise, use of antihypertensive medication, smoking, levels of haemoglobin, b-glucose, s-cholesterol, s-triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in mean BMI from 1968-1969 versus 2004-2005. Mean leisure time exercise was significantly higher in later born cohorts; in 1968, around 15% were physically active compared with 40% in 2004. SBP and DBP, mean s-cholesterol and s-triglyceride levels were significantly lower in both 38- and 50-year-old cohorts in 2004-2005 versus 1968-1969. HDL-cholesterol (not measured until 1992-1993), showed a significantly higher mean level in 2004-2005. Reduction of risk factors was apparent in women with a high as well as low level of physical activity. Smoking declined most in women with high levels of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Several cardiovascular risk factors related to lifestyle have improved in middle-aged women from the 1960s until today. Most of the positive trends are observed in women with both low and high physical activity.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Christina, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Drinking context and problematic alcohol consumption in young Swedish women : Drinking context and problematic alcohol consumption
- 2013
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Ingår i: Addiction Research and Theory. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1606-6359 .- 1476-7392. ; 21:6, s. 457-468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has indicated that a variety of contextual factors are involved in the development of drinking behavior. An integrated perspective can extend our understanding of the context and circumstances in which individuals drink. In this study, a person-oriented approach, cluster analysis, was used to identify drinking context clusters in a population of 20- and 25-year-old Swedish women. A further aim was to analyze how these clusters were associated with problematic alcohol consumption (high episodic drinking (HED) and alcohol use disorder (AUD)). A total of 760 respondents were interviewed, some in 1996 and some in 2001. Self-reported effects of drinking and situational factors associated with drinking alcohol were used in the cluster analysis procedure. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations with problematic alcohol consumption. The results revealed four distinct clusters of drinking patterns: coping drinkers, social drinkers, controlled drinkers, and moderate drinkers. Differences between clusters concerning problematic alcohol consumption were found. HED was significantly more common among the social drinkers and alcohol use disorder was more prevalent among the coping drinkers. Age differences and to a lesser extent secular trends in drinking pattern could be observed. The findings suggest that information on drinking context can help to explain differences in patterns of risky drinking and AUD. This highlights the importance of identifying groups of individuals with potentially harmful drinking patterns, which could be the target of specific preventive actions.
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| 5. |
- André, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Cohort differences in personality in middle-aged women during a 36-year period. Results from the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 38:5, s. 457-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To investigate secular trends in personality traits in adult female populations. METHODS: Two representative, population-based cohorts of women, 38 (n = 318) and 50 (n = 593) years of age participated in a health examination in 1968 and 2004 in Gothenburg, Sweden. The Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and Cesarec-Marke Personality Schedule (CMPS) were used to measure personality traits. Socioeconomic and lifestyle variables (personal income, education, marital status, children at home, physical activity and smoking) were reported. RESULTS: In both age groups, secular comparisons in psychological profile subscales showed an increase in dominance, exhibition, aggression and achievement. Only small divergences were seen concerning affiliation, guilt feelings, nurturance and succorance. EPI showed a corresponding rise in extroversion. Social data showed a statistically significant increase in percentage of unmarried women, personal income levels, and higher educational achievement. While around 70% of women in 1968-69 had elementary school education only, around 90% had high school or university education in 2004-05. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate major transitions in the adult Swedish female population in the direction of a more stereotypically ''male'' personality profile, but not at the expense of traditionally socially important female traits, which remained constant. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that society and the environment influence personality.
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| 6. |
- André, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Personality in women and associations with mortality: a 40-year follow-up in the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Women's Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6874. ; 14:61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The question of whether personality traits influence health has long been a focus for research and discussion. Therefore, this study was undertaken to examine possible associations between personality traits and mortality in women. Methods: A population-based sample of women aged 38, 46, 50 and 54 years at initial examination in 1968-69 was followed over the course of 40 years. At baseline, 589 women completed the Cesarec-Marke Personality Schedule (the Swedish version of the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule) and the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Associations between personality traits and mortality were tested using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: No linear associations between personality traits or factor indices and mortality were found. When comparing the lowest (Q1) and highest quartile (Q4) against the two middle quartiles (Q2 + Q3), the personality trait Succorance Q1 versus Q2 + Q3 showed hazard ratio (HR) = 1.37 (confidence interval (CI) = 1.08-1.74), and for the factor index Aggressive non-conformance, both the lowest and highest quartiles had a significantly higher risk of death compared to Q2 + Q3: for Q1 HR = 1.32 (CI = 1.03-1.68) and for Q4 HR = 1.36 (CI = 1.06-1.77). Neither Neuroticism nor Extraversion predicted total mortality. Conclusions: Personality traits did not influence long term mortality in this population sample of women followed for 40 years from mid- to late life. One explanation may be that personality in women becomes more circumscribed due to the social constraints generated by the role of women in society.
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| 7. |
- Bergdahl, Ingvar A., et al.
(författare)
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Mercury in serum predicts low risk of death and myocardial infarction in Gothenburg women.
- 2013
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Ingår i: International archives of occupational and environmental health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 86:1, s. 71-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Purpose Markers of mercury (Hg) exposure have shown both positive and negative associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed the association between serum Hg (S–Hg) and risk of cardiovascular disease in a prospective population-based cohort, with attention to the roles of dental health and Wsh consumption. Methods Total mortality, as well as morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke, was followed up for 32 years in 1,391 women (initially age 38–60), in relation to S–Hg at baseline, using Cox regression models. Potential confounders (age, socioeconomic status, serum lipids, alcohol consumption, dental health, smoking, hypertension, waist-hip ratio, and diabetes) and other covariates (e.g., Wsh consumption) were also considered. Results Hazard ratios (HR) adjusted only for age showed strong inverse associations between baseline S–Hg and total mortality [highest quartile: hazard ratio (HR) 0.76; 95% conWdence interval (CI) 0.59–0.97], incident AMI (HR 0.56; CI 0.34–0.93), and fatal AMI (HR 0.31; CI 0.15–0.66). Adjustment for potential confounding factors, especially dental health, had a strong impact on the risk estimates, and after adjustment, only the reduced risk of fatal AMI remained statistically signiWcant. Conclusions There was a strong inverse association between Hg exposure and CVD. Likely, reasons are confounding with good dental health (also correlated with the number of amalgam Wllings in these age groups) and/or Wsh consumption. The results suggest potential eVects of dental health and/or Wsh consumption on CVD that deserve attention in preventive medicine.
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| 8. |
- Blomstrand, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Forty-four-year longitudinal study of stroke incidence and risk factors - the Prospective Population Study of Women in Gothenburg
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 40:1, s. 139-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To assess stroke incidence over 44 years and association with risk factors. To study total stroke incidence at 60-82 years of age and risk factors. Design Prospective population study. Setting Gothenburg, Sweden, with similar to 450,000 inhabitants. Subjects A representative sample of a general population of women (1462 in total) in 5 age strata aged 38-60 years in 1968-1969 (the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, PSWG) were followed up to the ages of 82-104 years in 2012. Further, analysis was also performed for the age interval 60-82 years. Main outcome measures Incidence of total stroke (TS), ischaemic (IS), haemorrhagic (HS), non-specified (NS) and fatal (FS) strokes and association with baseline classic risk factors (such as hypertension, atrial fibrillation, low physical activity, diabetes, high waist-hip-ratio, hyperlipidaemia, smoking), low education, mental stress, pre-eclampsia and oral health as expressed by loss of teeth and bone score. Blood pressure in levels 1-3 according to modern guidelines. Associations with atrial fibrillation, diabetes and myocardial infarction shown in survival analyses. The five cohorts contributed to risk time data concerning associations with TS in the 60-82 age interval from the examination performed when they were 60. Results Three hundred and thirty-seven (23%) women had a first-ever stroke, 64 (19%) fatal. TS was associated with physical inactivity, high triglycerides and low education in multivariable analysis. The main sub-type IS was associated with systolic blood pressure, physical inactivity and low education. Pre-eclampsia showed association with IS only in the univariable analysis. FS was associated with systolic blood pressure and smoking. During 60-82 years of age, having <20 teeth (HR 1.74, CI 1.25-2.42), diabetes (HR 2.28 CI 1.09-4.76), WHR (HR 1.29 per 0.1 units CI 1.01-1.63), systolic blood pressure (HR 1.11 per 10 units CI 1.04-1.18) and smoking (HR 1.57, CI 1.14-2.16), were associated with TS in the combined five cohorts. Conclusions Several classic risk factors showed independent associations with stroke. Vulnerability factors as low education and oral health, reflected by loss of teeth, also showed association with stroke. All these factors are possible to target in primary care preventive interventions.
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| 9. |
- Eiben, Gabriele, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Secular trends in diet among elderly Swedes - cohort comparisons over three decades
- 2004
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. ; 7:5, s. 637-644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Box 454, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. gabriele.eiben@medfak.gu.se OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare dietary practices among different birth cohorts of 70-year-old Swedes, who were examined between 1971 and 2000. SETTING: Göteborg, Sweden. DESIGN: Four population-based samples of 1360 70-year-olds, born in 1901, 1911, 1922 and 1930, have undergone health examinations and dietary assessments over a period of almost three decades. One-hour diet history (DH) interviews were conducted in 1971, 1981, 1992 and 2000 with a total of 758 women and 602 women. The formats and contents of the dietary examinations were similar over the years. Statistical analysis of linear trends was conducted, using year of examination as the independent variable, to detect secular trends in food and nutrient intakes across cohorts. RESULTS: At the 2000 examination, the majority of 70-year-olds consumed nutritionally adequate diets. Later-born cohorts consumed more yoghurt, breakfast cereals, fruit, vegetables, chicken, rice and pasta than earlier-born cohorts. Consumption of low-fat spread and milk also increased, along with that of wine, light beer and candy. In contrast, potatoes, cakes and sugar were consumed less in 2000 than in 1971. The ratio of reported energy intake to estimated basal metabolic rate did not show any systematic trend over time in women, but showed a significant upward trend in men. CONCLUSIONS: The diet history method has captured changes in food selections in the elderly without changing in general format over three decades. Dietary quality has improved in a number of ways, and these findings in the elderly are consistent with national food consumption trends in the general population. PMID: 15251054 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 10. |
- Hange, Dominique, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived nervousness and moodiness associated with increased CVD but not cancer morbidity in pre- and postmenopausal women. Observations from the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of General Medicine. - 1178-7074. ; 2, s. 39-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: A 32-year prospective observational study was initiated in 1968, including 1462 women aged 60, 54, 50, 46, and 38, representative of the female population in these age groups. Measures included self-reported nervous symptoms and moodiness at baseline, menopausal status, risk factors as smoking, s-cholesterol, s-triglycerides, body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure, and socioeconomic status (SES). The prevalence of nervousness and moodiness was investigated as well as if these reported symptoms could predict mortality and morbidity within 32 years in pre-and postmenopausal women. Women who reported at least two of the symptoms suffered from an increased risk of 32-year mortality, independent of all background variables described above (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.28, confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.58). Women with only one of the nervous symptoms already had an increased risk of suffering from cardiovascular disease (CVD) also after multivariable adjustment (HR = 1.29, CI 1.09–1.52) a risk that also remained significant when analyzing CVD risk in the group of premenopausal women (HR = 1.28, CI 1.02–1.62). There was no significantly increased risk among pre-or postmenopausal women with perceived nervousness/moodiness of developing cancer during the 32-year follow-up. There seems to be an association between nervousness/moodiness and premature mortality and morbidity in CVD, especially when present already in the premenopausal state in women.
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