| 1. |
- Davies, G., et al.
(författare)
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Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- General cognitive function is a prominent and relatively stable human trait that is associated with many important life outcomes. We combine cognitive and genetic data from the CHARGE and COGENT consortia, and UK Biobank (total N = 300,486; age 16-102) and find 148 genome-wide significant independent loci (P < 5 × 10-8) associated with general cognitive function. Within the novel genetic loci are variants associated with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, physical and psychiatric illnesses, and brain structure. Gene-based analyses find 709 genes associated with general cognitive function. Expression levels across the cortex are associated with general cognitive function. Using polygenic scores, up to 4.3% of variance in general cognitive function is predicted in independent samples. We detect significant genetic overlap between general cognitive function, reaction time, and many health variables including eyesight, hypertension, and longevity. In conclusion we identify novel genetic loci and pathways contributing to the heritability of general cognitive function.
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| 2. |
- Johnatty, S. E., et al.
(författare)
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No evidence that GATA3 rs570613 SNP modifies breast cancer risk
- 2009
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - : Springer. - 0167-6806 .- 1573-7217. ; 117:2, s. 371-379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) is a transcription factor that is crucial to mammary gland morphogenesis and differentiation of progenitor cells, and has been suggested to have a tumor suppressor function. The rs570613 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in intron 4 of GATA3 was previously found to be associated with a reduction in breast cancer risk in the Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility project and in pooled analysis of two case-control studies from Norway and Poland (P trend = 0.004), with some evidence for a stronger association with estrogen receptor (ER) negative tumours [Garcia-Closas M et al. (2007) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16:2269-2275]. We genotyped GATA3 rs570613 in 6,388 cases and 4,995 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) and 5,617 BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). We found no association between this SNP and breast cancer risk in BCAC cases overall (ORper-allele = 1.00, 95% CI 0.94-1.05), in ER negative BCAC cases (ORper-allele = 1.02, 95% CI 0.91-1.13), in BRCA1 mutation carriers RRper-allele = 0.99, 95% CI 0.90-1.09) or BRCA2 mutation carriers (RRper-allele = 0.93, 95% CI 0.80-1.07). We conclude that there is no evidence that either GATA3 rs570613, or any variant in strong linkage disequilibrium with it, is associated with breast cancer risk in women.
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| 3. |
- Sbarra, AN, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 589:7842, s. 415-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)1–4. Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)5–8. Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhood MCV1 coverage at 5 × 5-km2pixel and second administrative levels from 2000 to 2019 in 101 LMICs, quantified geographical inequality and assessed vaccination status by geographical remoteness. After widespread MCV1 gains from 2000 to 2010, coverage regressed in more than half of the districts between 2010 and 2019, leaving many LMICs far from the GVAP goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019. MCV1 coverage was lower in rural than in urban locations, although a larger proportion of unvaccinated children overall lived in urban locations; strategies to provide essential vaccination services should address both geographical contexts. These results provide a tool for decision-makers to strengthen routine MCV1 immunization programmes and provide equitable disease protection for all children.
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| 4. |
- Liu, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced ductility and strength in a cast Al–Mg alloy with high Mg content
- 2021
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 806
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cast Al–Mg alloys with high Mg content have attracted considerable interest as a result of exceptionally low mass density and enhanced Mg solid-solution strengthening effect. However, poor ductility in this class of cast Al–Mg alloys originating from the increased amount of brittle Al3Mg2 phase presents a challenge. This work aims to improve ductility of a cast Al-10 wt%Mg alloy by prolonging time and/or increasing temperature during solid-solution treatment, hence minimizing the amount of the Al3Mg2 phase. The amounts of Al3Mg2 decrease and the concentrations of solute Mg increase with prolonging time and/or increasing temperature, improving both ductility and strength. Solid-solution treatment at 425 °C for 9 h or at 438 °C for 3 h induces complete dissolution of the Al3Mg2 phase, achieving an average uniform elongation of ~27% accompanied by an average 0.2% offset yield strength of ~186 MPa. The mechanisms improving both ductility and strength are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Liu, J., et al.
(författare)
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Finite element modeling of a non-isothermal superplastic-like forming process
- 2010
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - Paris : AIP. - 0094-243X. ; , s. 377-382
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conventional superplastic forming (SPF) has been modified to increase the productivity and reduce some of the drawbacks, such as high forming temperature and high percentage thinning, to suit the automotive industries. One of the modifications was to combine between the conventional SPF and the use of a mechanical preformed blank to form the non-superplastic grade aluminum alloy (AA5083-O). The requirement of high temperature usually results in microstructural defects during forming process. In this paper, finite element modeling was adopted to investigate the superplastic-like forming process using the non-isothermal heating system. In the simulation, two phases (mechanical pre-forming and gas blow for ming) of the process were conducted under different temperatures, where the material was mechanically drawn into the die cavity at 200°C in the first phase, and it formed with gas pressure applied at a global temperature increasing from 400°C to 500°C. Because of the non-isothermal heating of material, it was found that it had enough ductility to flow more easily in the specific zones (die corners and radius). Additionally, FEM results showed that a better formed part can be obtained by the increasing temperature forming, compared to the stable temperature phase. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.
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| 6. |
- Liu, J., et al.
(författare)
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Formability in AA5083 and AA6061 alloys for light weight applications
- 2010
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Ingår i: Materials & Design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-3069. ; 31:SUPPL. 1, s. S66-S70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With recent development in the automotive and aerospace industries, the lightweight, yet inexpensive aluminum alloys are of great demand in industrial applications. In this paper, considering the limited applications in non-superplastic materials, two typical alloys of AA5083 and AA6061 were investigated and compared during high temperature tensile tests to study their formability. The results of tensile tests and microstructures were shown, which indicated the deformation properties under different conditions. Both alloys exhibited relatively weak strain hardening effects especially at relatively lower strain rates. Furthermore, the highest strain rate sensitivity index (m value) was obtained, and the peak of percent elongation-to-failure also coincided with the ranges of highest m value. The flow stress coupled with the dynamic grain growth was related with the temperatures and strain rates. The grains appeared to be coarser in the deformed samples. Cavitation and recrystallization have also been found as a result of strain rate and temperature. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 7. |
- Liu, J., et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of process parameters in superplastic forming of mechanical pre-formed sheet by FEM
- 2010
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Ingår i: Key Engineering Materials. - 1013-9826 .- 1662-9795. ; 447-448, s. 437-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conventional superplastic forming has been applied in automotive and aerospace industries for a few decades. Recently, superplastic forming combined with mechanical pre-forming process has been reported to be capable of forming non-superplastic AA5083 at 400°C to a surface expansion of 200 % [1]. In this paper, finite element modeling (FEM) was used to develop the combined forming process by using the non-superplastic material AA5083-O. The simulation follows the experimental sequence and was divided into two phases (mechanical pre-forming and superplastic forming). A conventional creep equation based on tensile test data was adopted as a material model for the simulation. The pressure cycle and forming time was simulated according to the actual process route. The thickness distributions obtained from simulation validated the capability of the model to be used for this case. The influence of different parameters, such as holder force, friction, and punch depth was investigated by comparing the final sheet thickness and level of material draw-in. It was found that the punch depth played a significant effect on the uniformity of thickness distribution, from which a more uniform formed part can be obtained by using the punch with higher depth during mechanical pre-forming phase. © (2010) Trans Tech Publications.
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| 8. |
- Liu, J., et al.
(författare)
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Superplastic-like forming of non-superplastic AA5083 combined with mechanical pre-forming
- 2011
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0268-3768 .- 1433-3015. ; 52:1-4, s. 123-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Superplastic forming has been considered as an attractive process in the automotive and aerospace industries. However, the disadvantages of slow forming rate, high-temperature requirement, poor thickness distribution, and expensive base material have hindered its widespread use for high production volume. In this paper, the non-superplastic grade of 5083 aluminum alloy (AA5083) sheets with thickness of 3 mm was employed in a superplastic-like forming process, which is a combination of drawing (mechanical pre-forming) and superplastic forming (blow forming). Experimental trials were conducted to verify the possibility of improving the forming rate and lowering the process temperature. The blank was firstly pre-formed during the mechanical pre-forming phase. As a result, some part of material along the flange area was introduced inside the deformation cavity in advance of the blow forming phase. Secondly, argon gas was applied on the sheet, which would be deformed to come into contact with the inner die surface at the end of pressure cycle. It took only 8 min for the blow forming phase, and the process achieved an almost fully formed part at 400°C. The minimum thickness occurred at the inward corners, and the maximum thinning of the formed part was 54%. Grain growth and cavitation were found from the microstructure observations.
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| 9. |
- Moberg Sköld, Ulla, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for and prevention of caries and dental erosion in children and adolescents with asthma
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Dental Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1991-7902. ; 17:3, s. 1387-1400
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are many studies and reviews of the relationship between the asthma disease in young individuals on the one hand and caries and dental erosion on the other. The causes of caries and dental erosion might be related to the asthmatic drugs, low pH and the sweeteners that the inhaled drug contains and perhaps even the lifestyle of children and adolescents with asthma. The main focus of this review is therefore to describe various preventive strategies, based on long experience of preventive dental care in Sweden. Two fact boxes are presented, one on fluoride toothpaste as a population-based intervention for different ages and one on diet counselling in children and adolescents with asthma. The most important thing is to introduce fluoride toothpaste early in the child's life and that the parents brush the child's teeth twice a day, in the morning after breakfast and at night before bedtime, up to the age of 10. Moreover, a high-risk approach with an additional fluoride supply at home is presented, together with the application of fluoride varnish at the clinic. Regarding diet counselling, it is important to make sure that the child has regular meals during the day, maximum five to six times a day, to allow the teeth to rest between meals and restrict sweets and soft drinks to once a week. It is important to identify children and adolescents with asthma as early as possible and to refer them to a dental team for preventive treatment.
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| 10. |
- Ahmadi Naghadeh, Reza, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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A laboratory characterisation of the response of intact chalk to cyclic loading
- 2022
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Ingår i: Geotechnique. - : Thomas Telford Ltd.. - 0016-8505 .- 1751-7656. ; In Press
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports the cyclic behaviour of chalk, which has yet to be studied comprehensively. Multiple undrained high-resolution cyclic triaxial experiments on low- to medium-density intact chalk, along with index and monotonic reference tests, define the conditions under which either thousands of cycles could be applied without any deleterious effect, or failure could be provoked under specified numbers of cycles. Intact chalk's response is shown to differ from that of most saturated soils tested under comparable conditions. While chalk can be reduced to putty by severe two-way displacement-controlled cycling, its behaviour proved stable and nearly linear visco-elastic over much of the one-way, stress-controlled loading space examined, with stiffness improving over thousands of cycles, without loss of undrained shear strength. However, in cases where cyclic failure occurred, the specimens showed little sign of cyclic damage before cracking and movements on discontinuities led to sharp pore pressure reductions, non-uniform displacements and the onset of brittle collapse. Chalk's behaviour resembles the fatigue response of metals, concretes and rocks, where micro-shearing or cracking initiates on imperfections that generate stress concentrations; the experiments identify the key features that must be captured in any representative cyclic loading model.
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