| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(author)
-
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
-
In: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
|
|
| 4. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(author)
-
The Ninth Visual Object Tracking VOT2021 Challenge Results
- 2021
-
In: 2021 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW 2021). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781665401913 ; , s. 2711-2738
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2021 is the ninth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 71 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in recent years. The VOT2021 challenge was composed of four sub-challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2021 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2021 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2021 focused on long-term tracking, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance and (iv) VOT-RGBD2021 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2021 dataset was refreshed, while VOT-RGBD2021 introduces a training dataset and sequestered dataset for winner identification. The source code for most of the trackers, the datasets, the evaluation kit and the results along with the source code for most trackers are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
|
|
| 5. |
- Chen, Ziming, et al.
(author)
-
Roadmap on perovskite light-emitting diodes
- 2024
-
In: JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-PHOTONICS. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 2515-7647. ; 6:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In recent years, the field of metal-halide perovskite emitters has rapidly emerged as a new community in solid-state lighting. Their exceptional optoelectronic properties have contributed to the rapid rise in external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) in perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) from <1% (in 2014) to over 30% (in 2023) across a wide range of wavelengths. However, several challenges still hinder their commercialization, including the relatively low EQEs of blue/white devices, limited EQEs in large-area devices, poor device stability, as well as the toxicity of the easily accessible lead components and the solvents used in the synthesis and processing of PeLEDs. This roadmap addresses the current and future challenges in PeLEDs across fundamental and applied research areas, by sharing the community's perspectives. This work will provide the field with practical guidelines to advance PeLED development and facilitate more rapid commercialization.
|
|
| 6. |
- Kristanl, Matej, et al.
(author)
-
The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
- 2019
-
In: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
|
|
| 7. |
- Liu, Wei, et al.
(author)
-
Coherent dynamics of multi-spin V-B(-) center in hexagonal boron nitride
- 2022
-
In: Nature Communications. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has recently been demonstrated to contain optically polarized and detected electron spins that can be utilized for implementing qubits and quantum sensors in nanolayered-devices. Understanding the coherent dynamics ofmicrowave driven spins in hBN is of crucial importance for advancing these emerging new technologies. Here, we demonstrate and study the Rabi oscillation and related phenomena of a negatively charged boron vacancy (V-B(-)) spin ensemble in hBN. We report on different dynamics of the V-B(-) spins at weak and strong magnetic fields. In the former case the defect behaves like a single electron spin system, while in the latter case it behaves like a multi-spin system exhibiting multiple-frequency dynamical oscillation as beat in the Ramsey fringes. We also carry out theoretical simulations for the spin dynamics of V-B(-) and reveal that the nuclear spins can be driven via the strong electron nuclear coupling existing in V-B(-) center, which can be modulated by the magnetic field and microwave field.
|
|
| 8. |
- Xiong, Shaobing, et al.
(author)
-
Engineering of the Back Contact between PCBM and Metal Electrode for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Efficiency and Stability
- 2019
-
In: Advanced Optical Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 2162-7568 .- 2195-1071. ; 7:19
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The cathode interface plays a critical role in achieving high-performance fullerene/perovskite planar solar cells. Herein, the simple molecule Isatin and its derivatives are introduced at the back contact [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/Al as a cathode modification interlayer. It is revealed that the Isatin interlayers facilitate electron transport/extraction and suppress electron recombination, attributed to the formation of negative dipole potential steps and the passivation of the interfacial trap density. The average power conversion efficiencies of the resulting devices are significantly improved by 11% from 17.68% to 19.74%, with an enhancement in all device parameters including short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor. The hysteresis index is found to disappear. In addition, such interlayer enhances device stability under ambient conditions compared to the control devices due to suppression of moisture-induced degradation of the perovskite films. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the engineering of the back contact between PCBM and the metal electrode to improve efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.
|
|
| 9. |
- Chen, Hongting, et al.
(author)
-
High-Efficiency Formamidinium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystal-Based Light-Emitting Diodes Fabricated via a Surface Defect Self-Passivation Strategy
- 2020
-
In: Advanced Optical Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 2162-7568 .- 2195-1071. ; 8:6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr(3)) nanocrystals (NCs) demonstrate great potential in light-emitting diode (LED) applications due to their pure green emission and excellent stability. However, the abundant defects at the surface of the NCs act as charge trapping centers and significantly increase the trap-assisted nonradiative recombination channels, hampering the performance improvement of LEDs based on FAPbBr(3) NCs. Herein, a facile self-passivation strategy of the surface defects is developed by introducing excess formamidinium bromide (FABr) during the colloidal synthesis of NCs, leading to much improved photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the obtained NCs. In addition, enhanced charge transport property is measured in the assembled films owing to the simultaneously declined insulating ligands at the surface of NCs. The molar ratio of FABr and PbBr2 is rationally optimized during the synthesis of NCs and high-efficient green-emissive LEDs are fabricated with a champion current efficiency of 76.8 cd A(-1), corresponding to an external quantum efficiency of 17.1%, which is among the best-performing green LEDs based on perovskite NCs so far.
|
|
| 10. |
- La, Rui, et al.
(author)
-
Self-catalyzed core-shell GaAs/GaNAs nanowires grown on patterned Si (111) by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy
- 2017
-
In: Applied Physics Letters. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 111
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report structural studies on the epitaxial growth of GaAs/GaNAs core-shell nanowires (NWs) on patterned Si (111) substrates by self-catalyzed selective area growth using Gas-Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy. Epitaxial growth conditions were obtained using a combination of dry and time-sensitive wet etching of the SiO2 growth mask and native SiO2 layer, respectively. We found that higher growth temperatures resulted in a higher yield for the epitaxial growth of patterned self-catalyzed GaAs NWs on Si with an optimal temperature of 690 °C. The GaNAs shell growth at 500 °C was found to be conformal and maintained an epitaxial and dislocation-free interface with both the Si substrate and the GaAs nanowire. The micro-photoluminescence (μ-PL) measurement at 6 K revealed two bands peaking at 1.45 and 1.17 eV, which could be emission from the GaAs core and GaNAs shell. Transmission electron microscopy showed the zincblende crystal structure of GaAs and GaAs/GaNAs core-shell NWs with minimal twinning near the base of the GaAs nanowires and at the tips of the GaAs/GaNAs core/shell nanowires. This study illustrates the feasibility of the epitaxial growth of patterned GaAs with dilute nitride shells on Si substrates, which would have potential for Si-friendly intermediate band solar cells and telecom emitters.
|
|
