| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Bergman, Mats A., 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions Across Firms and Bid Rigging
- 2020
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Ingår i: Review of Industrial Organization. - : Springer. - 0889-938X .- 1573-7160. ; 56:1, s. 107-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluate whether an econometric technique that is used in the spatial econometrics and network effects literature can be adopted as a test for collusive bidding in public procurement auctions. The proposed method is applied to the Swedish asphalt cartel that was discovered in 2001. Our dataset covers the period 1995–2009, which makes it possible to test for conditional independence between complementary cartel bids before and after 2001. Our estimates show a significant positive correlation between complementary cartel bids during the cartel period, whereas a non-significant correlation is shown during the later period. The variance of the parameter estimate of interest also differs between the periods, which suggests a structural change in bidding behavior among cartel members between the two periods.
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| 6. |
- Colding, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Golf Courses and Wetland Fauna.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ecological Applications. - : Wiley. - 1051-0761 .- 1939-5582. ; 19:6, s. 1481-1491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Golf courses are often considered to be chemical-intensive ecosystems with negative impacts on fauna. Here we provide evidence that golf courses can contribute to the support and conservation of wetland fauna, i.e., amphibians and macroinvertebrates. Comparisons of amphibian occurrence, diversity of macroinvetebrates, and occurrence of species of conservation concern were made between permanent freshwater ponds surveyed on golf courses around Sweden’s capital city, Stockholm, and off-course ponds in natureprotected areas and residential parklands. A total of 71 macroinvertebrate species were recorded in the field study, with no significant difference between golf course ponds and offcourse ponds at the species, genus, or family levels. A within-group similarities test showed that golf course ponds have a more homogenous species composition than ponds in natureprotected areas and ponds in residential parkland. Within the macroinvertebrate group, a total of 11 species of odonates were identified, with no difference detected between the categories of ponds, nor any spatial autocorrelation. Significant differences were found between pond categories in the occurrence of five species of amphibians, although anuran occurrence did not differ between ponds. The great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) was significantly associated with golf course ponds, but the smooth newt (Triturus vulgaris) was not. We found no evidence of any correlation between pond size and occurrence of amphibians. Among the taxa of conservation concern included in the sample, all amphibians are nationally protected in Sweden, with the internationally threatened T. cristatus more frequently found in golf course ponds. Among macroinveterbrates of conservation status, the large white-faced darter dragonfly (Leucorrhinia pectoralis) was only detected in golf course ponds, and Tricholeiochiton fagesi (Trichoptera) was only found in one off-course pond. GIS results revealed that golf courses provide over a quarter of all available permanent, freshwater ponds in central greater Stockholm. We assert that golf courses have the potential to contribute to wetland fauna support, particularly in urban settings where they may significantly contribute to wetland creation. We propose a greater involvement of ecologists in the design of golf courses to further bolster this potential.
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| 7. |
- Drake, Samielle, Professor, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Market response to environmental policy via public procurement : an empirical analysis of bids and prices
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies the effect of Green Public Procurement (GPP) on competition, bids, and winning bids under two different regulation periods where the latter include more explicitly expressed GPP ambitions. Based on detailed data from Swedish internal cleaning service procurements, our results imply that environmental considerations might not influence the bids as required for GPP to be considered an effective environmental policy instrument. Over time, lower degree of competition and increased bids are found. This phenomenon can be attributed, at least in part, to regulatory influences, signifying an escalating complexity in the process of submitting bids.
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| 8. |
- Granlund, David, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Det offentliga som konkurrent på kommersiella marknader - En samhällsekonomisk analys med exemplet konferensmarknaden
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den här rapporten analyseras samhällsekonomiska effekter av att det offentliga konkurrerar med privata företag på kommersiella marknader. Den innehåller även en pilotstudie av marknaden för en – och tvådagarskonferenser tillämpad på Umeåregionen.Svensk konkurrenslagstiftning inkluderar regler om konkurrensbegränsande offentlig säljverksamhet. Reglerna gäller för den offentliga sektorn i sin helhet, dvs stat, primärkommuner (kommun) eller landstingskommuner (landsting) och juridiska personer vars verksamhet den offentliga sektorn har ett dominerande inflytande över. Inflytandet kan ta sig formen av ägande, finansieringsvillkor, styrelse, lag och avtal. Frågan om det offentliga som konkurrent är även samhällsekonomiskt relevant då snedvridning av konkurrens i form av exempelvis underprissättning till följd av stöd, kan innebära en samhällsekonomisk förlust.Sammantaget visar den samhällsekonomiska analysen att det inte går att dra några generella slutsatser om att konkurrens från den offentliga sektorn på marknader med en etablerad kommersiell verksamhet alltid är problematisk. Även i situationer där konkurrensen sker på olika villkor kan fördelarna med den offentliga aktörens medverkan överväga nackdelarna. Baserat på pilotstudien och olika scenarios avseende konferensmarknaden i Umeå, är det möjligt att dra slutsatsen att fördelarna med offentliga aktörer kan dominera nackdelarna under förutsättning att den offentliga aktörens produktionskostnad maximalt är en procent högre än en privat aktörs produktionskostnad för motsvarande konferens. Analysen visar att subventioner till offentliga aktörer överskridande 1,3 miljoner kronor inte kan motiveras utifrån ett samhällsekonomiskt perspektiv i något scenario. I scenariot där den offentliga aktören ägnar sig åt underprissättning överväger nackdelarna även om verksamheten klarar sig utan subvention.
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| 9. |
- Holmberg, Johan, 1994-
(författare)
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Essays on earnings formation, labor market dynamics, and taxation
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Chapter [I] analyses the dynamic properties of life-cycle earnings of men and women in Sweden by fitting a model to the covariance structure of earnings. We find that the financial crisis of 2008 did not have any major impact on the variability of earnings and that the upward trend in permanent earnings inequality observed in Sweden during the 1990s does not continue in the 2000s. Using the model to simulate the accumulation of income pension entitlements, we find that college-educated workers have smaller variations in pension entitlements than workers with less education.Chapter [II] presents a life-cycle earnings dynamics model that includes endogenous employment and job change. The model is estimated on Swedish register data using indirect inference. By simulating data from this model, we study the macroeconomic consequences of transitory shocks to unemployment risk, how unemployment at different ages affects the accumulation of pension entitlements, and analyze how different factors contribute to earnings inequality. We find that transitory aggregate shocks to unemployment risk have long-lasting negative effects on employment and earnings, that becoming unemployed at age 40 has a large negative effect on pension accumulations, and that unobserved individual heterogeneity contributes substantially to the observed life-cycle earnings inequality for both men and women in Sweden.Chapter [III] presents a model of earnings dynamics that includes transitions in and out of employment and business cycle fluctuations. The model is estimated using indirect inference and a mix of Swedish register, survey and macro data. We find that the transitions from unemployment to employment are more sensitive to business cycle fluctuations than the probability of remaining employed. By simulating data from the model, we find that the business cycle has a relatively small impact on earnings inequality in Sweden and that young workers are more sensitive to business cycle fluctuations than older workers.Chapter [IV] deals with optimal nonlinear taxation of income and profits in a general equilibrium model with frictional unemployment. We find that the government can achieve redistribution of income through taxation without distorting production efficiency. This outcome is possible if the government uses two nonlinear tax instruments, taxing profits and labor income separately. The results also show that including involuntary unemployment creates an incentive to tax entrepreneurial income at lower marginal rates and labor income at higher marginal rates than otherwise.
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