| 1. |
- Anheden, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Value chains for production of Renewable Transportation Fuels Using Intermediates
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An increased share of renewable transportation fuels requires utilisation of new low-cost sources of bio-based raw materials other than what is currently used in the pulp and paper industry and for power and district heat generation in the bioenergy sector. Currently, proposed raw material includes forest residues (branches and tops), stumps, waste round wood and different by-products from pulp and pa-per industry and sawmills. Of these, forest residues and stumps have, by far, the largest potential for increased utilisation. However, these types of raw materials are often voluminous and heterogeneous and are difficult to handle in existing refineries for production of transportation fuels. The cost of transporting this type of raw material over large distances in order to supply a larger plant is often said to be high. This report includes an analysis of the possible advantages and disadvantages of transform-ing forest-based biomass to an intermediate product with a higher energy density that is more homo-geneous and easier to handle during transport and during final conversion to transportation fuel.Two value chains are investigated as case studies a) bio-SNG production using forest residues, bark and sawdust as raw material and b) bio-oil production from forest residues, lignin in black liquor and tall oil, which can be upgraded to transportation fuels at a refinery. In the study we have assumed that the conversion of the original biomass to an intermediate product mainly takes place at a pulp mill. The intermediate conversion technologies included for value chain a) are drying and pelletizing and for value chain b) pyrolysis and distillation. The final conversion to end product bio-SNG takes place in connection to a district heating system, and the final deoxygenation and upgrading of bio-oil to hydrodeoxygenated (HDO) oil takes place at an oil refinery. The value chains with intermediates are compared with value chains without intermediates where the entire conversion process to final product is located in connection to a district heating system in value chain a) and at a stand-alone plant near to a refinery in value chain b). The value chains are studied from a well-to-gate perspective, from extrac-tion of the forest biomass to produced bio-SNG/HDO bio-oil. A direct comparison between value chains for bio-SNG and bio-oil production should be avoided. They are based on different reference data that are not synchronized. A direct comparison between the chains should in addition be done in a well-to-wheel perspective.The results show that the initial hypothesis that local production of a more energy dense intermediate would reduce transportation costs could not be verified. The reason is primarily the introduction of a second transport step to transport the intermediate to the final conversion site in addition to the transport of the raw material. The transport costs are associated with relatively high fixed cost espe-cially for ship and train transport, so the introduction of a second relatively high fixed transport cost of the intermediate has a dominating effect. Further, it can be concluded that the transport cost make up a relatively small share of the total production cost of the final product, in the order of 10%, and in a few cases up to 20%. There is therefore a relatively small difference in total specific production cost for the final product between value chains with and without intermediates considering the level of uncer-tainty in the input data and the assumptions behind the scenarios studied.Summarizing, the results indicate that the production costs are highly sensitive to the economies of scale, oxygen content in the bio-crude oil and raw material costs (forest residues price or electricity price in the case where lignin is used as raw material). Transportation costs have, comparatively, a little effect in the total production cost.
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| 2. |
- Gourdon, Mathias, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Pulp mill biorefineries
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Process Integration Jubilee Conference, Gothenburg, Sweden, March 18-20 2013.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Suspicion and treatment of severe sepsis : An overview of the prehospital chain of care
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : BioMed Central. - 1757-7241. ; 20:42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSepsis is a life-threatening condition where the risk of death has been reported to be even higher than that associated with the major complications of atherosclerosis, i.e. myocardial infarction and stroke. In all three conditions, early treatment could limit organ dysfunction and thereby improve the prognosis.AimTo describe what has been published in the literature a/ with regard to the association between delay until start of treatment and outcome in sepsis with the emphasis on the pre-hospital phase and b/ to present published data and the opportunity to improve various links in the pre-hospital chain of care in sepsis.MethodsA literature search was performed on the PubMed, Embase (Ovid SP) and Cochrane Library databases.ResultsIn overall terms, we found a small number of articles (n=12 of 1,162 unique hits) which addressed the prehospital phase. For each hour of delay until the start of antibiotics, the prognosis appeared to become worse. However, there was no evidence that prehospital treatment improved the prognosis.Studies indicated that about half of the patients with severe sepsis used the emergency medical service (EMS) for transport to hospital. Patients who used the EMS experienced a shorter delay to treatment with antibiotics and the start of early goal-directed therapy (EGDT). Among EMS-transported patients, those in whom the EMS staff already suspected sepsis at the scene had a shorter delay to treatment with antibiotics and the start of EGDT.There are insufficient data on other links in the prehospital chain of care, i.e. patients, bystanders and dispatchers.ConclusionSevere sepsis is a life-threatening condition. Previous studies suggest that, with every hour of delay until the start of antibiotics, the prognosis deteriorates. About half of the patients use the EMS. We need to know more about the present situation with regard to the different links in the prehospital chain of care in sepsis.
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| 4. |
- Lundberg, Dan, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Studies on an ester-modified cationic amphiphile in aqueous systems: Behavior of binary solutions and ternary mixtures with conventional surfactants
- 2007
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - 1520-5827 .- 0743-7463. ; 23:23, s. 11434-11442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aqueous behavior of an ester-modified cationic amphiphile with the molecular structure CH3CH2O(C=O)(CH2)(6)(C=O)O(CH2)sN+(CH3)(3)Br-, in the following referred to as A, has been investigated. Systems with A as the only solute, as well as different aqueous mixtures with conventional cationic surfactants, primarily dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), were included in the study. Isotropic solution samples were characterized using H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, NMR diffusometry, and conductivity measurements, whereas liquid crystalline samples were investigated by optical polarization microscopy and small-angle X-ray diffraction. The results are compared to the behavior of the binary system of DTAB and water. A does not exhibit a typical surfactant behavior. When it is present as the only solute in a binary aqueous system, it forms neither conventional micelles nor liquid crystalline phases. However; there is clear evidence that it assembles with lower cooperativity into loose clusters at concentrations above 25-30 mM. When A is mixed with DTAB in solution, the two amphiphiles form mixed assemblies, the structure of which varies with the total amphiphile concentration. In concentrated mixtures with alkyltrimethylammonium surfactants, A can participate in hexagonal liquid crystalline phases even when it constitutes a significant fraction of the total amphiphile content.
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| 5. |
- Sköldberg, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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BIO-CCS I FJÄRRVÄRMESEKTORN – SYNTES
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den svenska fjärrvärmesektorn har stor potential att bidra med negativa koldioxidutsläpp genom bio-CCS, minst 10 Mton per år. Den största osäkerheten beträffande möjligheterna för bio-CCS gäller marknads förutsättningarna. Uppvärmningsbranschen har en vision om att år 2045 utgöra en kolsänka. Ett sätt att åstadkomma detta är genom att avskilja och lagra koldioxidutsläpp med biogent ursprung. Ett antal fjärrvärmeföretag har redan olika långt gångna planer på att satsa på bio-CCS. De har sett ett värde i att samarbeta kring hur detta kan åstadkommas. Ett led i detta är projektet Bio-CCS i fjärrvärmesektorn som består av ett gediget underlag baserat på forskning kring olika aspekter av frågan samt en strategi baserad på det underlaget. I denna rapport redovisas en syntes av detta forskningsarbete. Projektet visar att fjärrvärmesektorn har stor teoretisk potential att bidra med negativa koldioxidutsläpp, minst 10 Mton per år. I huvudsak är avskiljning, transport och lagring av koldioxid beprövad teknik även om tillämpningen i detta fall är ny. Även om bio-CCS är förknippad med energianvändning så bidrar tekniken sett ur ett systemperspektiv med stor nytta för att minska koldioxid[1]utsläppen. Bio-CCS är en relativt dyr teknik och det är angeläget att utnyttja samverkan och kluster för att exempelvis skapa ökad kostnadseffektivitet i transport och mellanlagring. Tillgång till lagringsplatser är en förutsättning för framgång och flera alternativ bedöms bli tillgängliga. Det kan dock uppstå konkurrens om tillgången till lagringsplatserna. De regelmässiga förutsättningarna för bio-CCS i Sverige har förbättrats avsevärt de senaste dryga decenniet. Flera regelmässiga hinder kvarstår dock. En del utgör mindre barriärer, andra är av mer betydande karaktär. Den största osäkerheten beträffande möjligheterna för bio-CCS gäller ekonomin. Flera potentiella finansieringsmetoder har studerats, både stöd, regleringar och frivilligmarknader. Det finns fortfarande oklarheter kring syftet med planerade stöd och det framtida ägandet av de negativa utsläppen. Det genomförda projektet har skapat ett forum för kunskapsuppbyggnad, erfarenhetsutbyte och nätverkande, vilket de deltagande företagen bedömt vara mycket värdefullt.
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| 6. |
- TURUNEN, TUOMAS, et al.
(författare)
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Open-water computations of a marine propeller using openfoam
- 2014
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Ingår i: ECFD VI - 6th European Congress on Computational Fluid Dynamics, Barcelona, Spain, 20-25 July 2014. - 9788494284472 ; , s. 1123-1134
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The flow around a marine propeller is studied by means of a RANS-type finite-volume (FV) method. A performance curve in open-water conditions is reproduced computationally and compared to data measured in a cavitation tunnel at Rolls-Royce in Kristinehamn, Sweden. In the computations, both periodic grids with a single propeller blade and grids featuring a full propeller with five blades are used. Two types of full propeller grids are applied. The first one consists of tetrahedral control volumes with prismatic layers near the propeller surface. The second grid type is a hybrid mesh that is a combination of separately meshed hexahedral and tetrahedral grids with an Arbitrary Mesh Interface (AMI) between the two parts. Turbulence is modelled by the two-equation SST k-! model as implemented in OpenFOAM .In steady-state computations, the Moving Reference Frame (MRF) approach is applied to account for the e↵ects due to rotation. In case of transient simulations, moving meshes with the sliding plane approach are utilized and the e↵ect of both numerical and iterative errors due to temporal discretization are studied.This study provides a solid basis for more complicated simulations by providing an understanding of errors caused by grid interfaces and the choice of spatial and temporal discretizations of the governing equations. In particular, the experiences with the AMI methodology will allow the analysis of contra-rotating propellers (CRP) with OpenFOAM. In addition, the robustness of the numerical method is considered in order to be able to produce a usable tool for industrial use.
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| 7. |
- Uhlén, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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The human secretome
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science Signaling. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1945-0877 .- 1937-9145. ; 12:609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The proteins secreted by human cells (collectively referred to as the secretome) are important not only for the basic understanding of human biology but also for the identification of potential targets for future diagnostics and therapies. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of proteins predicted to be secreted in human cells, which provides information about their final localization in the human body, including the proteins actively secreted to peripheral blood. The analysis suggests that a large number of the proteins of the secretome are not secreted out of the cell, but instead are retained intracellularly, whereas another large group of proteins were identified that are predicted to be retained locally at the tissue of expression and not secreted into the blood. Proteins detected in the human blood by mass spectrometry-based proteomics and antibody-based immuno-assays are also presented with estimates of their concentrations in the blood. The results are presented in an updated version 19 of the Human Protein Atlas in which each gene encoding a secretome protein is annotated to provide an open-access knowledge resource of the human secretome, including body-wide expression data, spatial localization data down to the single-cell and subcellular levels, and data about the presence of proteins that are detectable in the blood.
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| 8. |
- Uhlén, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Tissue-based map of the human proteome
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 347:6220, s. 1260419-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resolving the molecular details of proteome variation in the different tissues and organs of the human body will greatly increase our knowledge of human biology and disease. Here, we present a map of the human tissue proteome based on an integrated omics approach that involves quantitative transcriptomics at the tissue and organ level, combined with tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry, to achieve spatial localization of proteins down to the single-cell level. Our tissue-based analysis detected more than 90% of the putative protein-coding genes. We used this approach to explore the human secretome, the membrane proteome, the druggable proteome, the cancer proteome, and the metabolic functions in 32 different tissues and organs. All the data are integrated in an interactive Web-based database that allows exploration of individual proteins, as well as navigation of global expression patterns, in all major tissues and organs in the human body.
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| 9. |
- Xia, Liming, et al.
(författare)
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Performance Prediction of a Nozzle Propeller
- 2012
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Ingår i: 29th Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, Gothenburg, Sweden, Aug. 2012.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nozzle, or ducted, propellers are most commonly used when high efficiency is required at low speed of the vessel. However, normally with a nozzle fitted that accelerates propeller inflow, its blades take a larger risk of cavitation. This paper examines the performance of a nozzle propeller configuration in terms of open water and thrust breakdown characteristics by both experimental and conventional RANS CFD methods. Combining the merits of EFD and CFD, the results reveal some promising features as well as challenges in performance predictions of nozzle propellers.
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| 10. |
- Zhang, Baili, et al.
(författare)
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CFD modeling of propeller tip vortex over large distances
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. - 1098-6189 .- 1555-1792. - 9781880653999 ; , s. 947-952
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a numerical study has been conducted to investigate the evolution of a ship propeller tip vortex over large distance using Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) CFD method. In order to reduce numerical dissipation in tracking the tip vortex, a unique hybrid mesh structure was designed and a vorticity confinement method is also introduced to further enhance the high resolution of the tip vortex.
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