| 1. |
- Fridahl, Mathias, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Aktörspreferenser i design av ett stödsystem för bio-CCS
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avskiljning och geologisk lagring av biogen koldioxid, bio-CCS, har succesivt fått en mer framskriven funktion i svensk klimatpolitik. Möjligheten att skapa kolsänkor genom bio-CCS gör att tekniken kan bidra till det svenska målet om noll nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser till 2045. Regeringen har gett Energimyndigheten i uppdrag att sjösätta ett stödsystem för bio-CCS med start 2022. Kunskapen om hur nyckelaktörer vill utforma stödsystemet är dock bristfällig. Sådan kunskap är central för att möjliggöra en proaktiv systemdesign som lockar till deltagande. Denna studie undersöker därför preferenser för systemdesign bland aktörer inom näringslivet, den nationella förvaltningen och politiken. Syftet är att identifiera dilemman och potentiella målkonflikter. Energimyndighetens uppdrag är begränsat till att utreda ett stödsystem baserat på omvända auktioner eller fasta ersättningsnivåer, vilket också utgör huvudfokus i denna rapport. Baserat på intervjuer med 40 respondenter syns konvergens kring att statligt stöd bör kanaliseras genom omvända auktioner. I jämförelse med fasta ersättningsnivåer skapar ett auktionssystem bättre förutsättningar för att vara samhällsekonomiskt effektivt och för att harmonisera med EU:s statsstödsregler. Denna studie pekar dock på flera auktionsdilemman och potentiella målkonflikter. Exempelvis måste auktionsvolymerna matchas med den tekniska potentialen bland intresserade företag, vilket är lättare sagt än gjort. Denna studie presenterar också argument för att begränsa auktionerna genom budget- snarare än volymtak och pekar på att företagens egna kostnadsuppskattningar i många fall är betydligt högre än vad som påvisats i tidigare studier. Flera potentiella målkonflikter har också identifierats vilka är beroende av hur målsättningen med det statliga stödet preciseras. En trolig politisk målsättning är att stödet ska skapa minusutsläpp för att bidra till att uppfylla svenska klimatmål. En sådan målsättning skulle kunna stå i konflikt mot stödmottagande företags ambition att engagera sig i marknader för minusutsläppskrediter. Hur stödsystemets målsättning preciseras är avgörande för möjligheterna att hitta kompletterande finansieringskällor.
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| 2. |
- Fridahl, Mathias, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Novel carbon dioxide removals techniques must be integrated into the European Union’s climate policies
- 2023
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Ingår i: Communications Earth & Environment. - Stockholm : Springer Nature. - 2662-4435. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emissions reductions are crucial to mitigating climate change. However, in the past decade, the world community’s failure to reduce emissions at a sufficient speed to avoid dangerous climate change has become obvious4. This reality acutely necessitates the development of innovative sets of policies to spur the deployment of novel CO2 removals, an urgency that is further underlined by the long lead time for many novel removal methods. Disregarding the potential of novel removals is incommensurate with the scale of the challenge of achieving EU’s commitment to reach net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.We argue that the current policy framework neither provides Union-wide economic incentives for novel CO2 removals, nor does it encourage EU Member States to develop national policy incentives. Our proposed solutions includes incentivizing removals through a conditional integration into the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), expanding the portfolio of removal methods in the Land-Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) Regulation, and to manage anticipations regarding which residual emissions that need to be counterbalanced by removals.
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| 3. |
- Fridahl, Mathias, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Potential and goal conflicts in reverse auction design for bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS)
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Sciences Europe. - Stockholm : Springer Nature. - 2190-4707 .- 2190-4715. ; 36:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is considered as a future key technology to provide baseload electricity, heat, pulp, paper, and biofuels, while also enabling atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR). Sweden seeks to lead the way in bringing this technology up to scale, introducing a EUR 3.6 billion reverse auction scheme to facilitate market entry of companies producing BECCS. We explore instrument design preferences among politicians, regulators, and prospective BECCS operators to identify trade-offs and explore feasible policy design.Based on 35 interviews with experts in the latent BECCS sector in Sweden, we identify under which circumstances prospective operators would be willing to place bids and discuss how actor preferences both align with and challenge auction theory. The analysis concludes that at least four dilemmas need attention. These concerns how to: (1) balance the state’s demand for BECCS to be implemented already in 2030 against the prospective BECCS operators’ fear of the winner’s curse, i.e., a fear of bidding for a contract that turns out to be too costly to implement; (2) allocate contracts at the margin of the auctioneer’s demand for BECCS without driving up costs; (3) design compliance mechanism to achieve effectiveness without undermining efficiency, and; 4) integrate the auction with the voluntary carbon market—if at all—in a manner that safeguards the environmental integrity of the auctions.
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| 4. |
- Lundberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive work analysis in the conceptual design of first-of-a-kind systems - designing urban air traffic management
- 2018
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Ingår i: Behavior and Information Technology. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0144-929X .- 1362-3001. ; 37:9, s. 904-925
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) is an appropriate approach in design for high-stakes domains, such as air traffic management (ATM) since it focuses on human expert performance in regular and contingency situations. However, CWA is not suitable for the design of a first-of-a-kind system since there is nothing to analyse before the start of the design process. In 2017, unmanned air traffic management (UTM) for intense drone traffic in cities was such a system. Making things worse, the UTM system has to be in place before the traffic, since it provides basic safety. In this research-through-design study, we present conceptual designing as a bootstrapping approach to CWA in the design of a first-of-a-kind UTM system. In a series of co-design workshops, we identified future services, traffic patterns, and regulations that framed the design of UTM system concepts. They were based on combinations of four basic building blocks: points, lines, planes, and volumes. Concepts of point-based control, airport geofences, grid squares, layers, and tubes were discussed. Throughout the conceptual designing, results were documented in an evolving Work Domain Analysis (WDA), which is a cornerstone of CWA. This approach allowed us to bootstrap the CWA for a first-of-a-kind-system.
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| 5. |
- Lundberg, Liv, et al.
(författare)
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The missing piece in policy for carbon dioxide removal : Reverse auctions as an interim solution
- 2022
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Ingår i: Discover Energy. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer Nature. - 2730-7719. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The expectation that carbon dioxide removal (CDR) will play a crucial role in the climate transition is starting to gain traction in policy. An increasing number of countries are expanding their CDR policies, from specification of objectives (via elimination of regulatory obstacles) to market development. Among the many CDR options, sustainably sourced bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is often cited as having the greatest theoretical potential. Unlocking this potential will necessitate new and robust economic incentives. However, at present, there is a serious gap between actual policy and the required incentive structures, and developing these policies in a responsible way will likely take many years. To get BECCS started sooner than it otherwise might, we argue that an interim policy for allowing BECCS to mature would help identify potential trade-offs or pitfalls, and would help test how firms react to incentives for CDR before rolling our large scale international incentive structures. In this Perspectives article, we provide an insight into the current status of BECCS and CDR policy based on interviews with key policy makers and experts. We also provide a special insight into Sweden’s development of interim policy that takes the form of a reverse auction.
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| 6. |
- van Ettinger-Veenstra, Helene M, et al.
(författare)
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Right-hemispheric brain activation correlates to language performance
- 2010
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Ingår i: NEUROIMAGE. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119. ; 49:4, s. 3481-3488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Language function in the right-hemispheric homologues of Brocas and Wernickes areas does not only correlate with left-handedness or pathology, but occurs naturally in right-handed healthy subjects as well. In the current study, two non-invasive methods of assessing language lateralization are correlated with behavioral results in order to link hemispheric dominance to language ability in healthy subjects. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) together with a sentence-completion paradigm was used to determine region-specific lateralization indices in the left- and right-sided Brocas and Wernickes areas, the frontal temporal lobe, the anterior cingulate cortex and the parietal lobe. In addition, dichotic listening results were used to determine overall language lateralization and to strengthen conclusions by correlating with fMRI indices. Results showed that fMRI lateralization in the superior parietal, the posterior temporal, and the anterior cingulate cortices correlated to dichotic listening. A decreased right ear advantage (REA), which indicates less left- hemispheric dominance in language, correlated with higher performance in most administered language tasks, including reading, language ability, fluency, and non-word discrimination. Furthermore, right hemispheric involvement in the posterior temporal lobe and the homologue of Brocas area suggests better performance in behavioral language tasks. This strongly indicates a supportive role of the right-hemispheric counterparts of Brocas and Wernickes areas in language performance.
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