| 1. |
- Engnes, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of being exposed to intimate partner violence during pregnancy
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study a phenomenological approach was used in order to enter deeply into the experience of living with violence during pregnancy. The aim of the study was to gain a deeper understanding of women’s experiences of being exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with five Norwegian women; two during pregnancy and three after the birth. The women were between the age of 20 and 38 years. All women had received support from a professional research and treatment centre. The essential structure shows that IPV during pregnancy is characterized by difficult existential choices related to ambivalence. Existential choices mean questioning one’s existence, the meaning of life as well as one’s responsibility for oneself and others. Five constituents further explain the essential structure: Living in unpredictability, the violence is living in the body, losing oneself, feeling lonely and being pregnant leads to change. Future life with the child is experienced as a possibility for existential change. It is important for health professionals to recognize and support pregnant women who are exposed to violence as well as treating their bodies with care and respect.
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| 2. |
- Engnes, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Women's experiences of important others in a pregnancy dominated by intimate partner violence.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 27:3, s. 643-650
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Women's experiences of important others in a pregnancy dominated by intimate partner violence Background: Being exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is a difficult and complex situation. Despite this, there are few studies describing women's own needs for help and support. Aim: The aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of women's experiences of important others in relation to changing their life situation in a pregnancy dominated by IPV. Methods:The study has a qualitative phenomenological design. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with seven Norwegian women, who were exposed to IPV during pregnancy. Findings:Being pregnant and exposed to violence in relation to important others means confronting present life, life history and future life. The essence implies striving for control in an uncontrolled situation, where other people might be experienced as both a rescuer and a risk. This is further described in four constitutions: the child needs protection; my mother is always present for me; an exhausted run for help; and a reduced, but important social network. Conclusions and implications for practice:For women exposed to violence, pregnancy can offer an opportunity for change. Midwives play a unique role in relation to care and continuity in this phase of life, as they can support pregnant women, help to identify their needs, possibilities for action and advise them about appropriate services. Midwives can encourage and support women to find people whom they can trust and who can offer assistance. It is vital that midwives ask about the women's relationship to the baby and their social networks, especially the relationship with their mothers. Ethical considerations: During the whole study process, guidelines for research on violence against women were followed, to respect the integrity, security and confidentiality of the participants. The study is ethically approved.
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| 3. |
- Håland, Kristin, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Fathers’ experiences of being in change during pregnancy and early parenthood in a context of intimate partner violence
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a large public health problem with far-reaching consequences for those involved. The aim of this study was to explore fathers’ experiences of change during pregnancy and early parenthood in the context of IPV. Methods: The methodological approach in this interview study was hermeneutics, based on a lifeworld perspective. Ten men, who had subjected their partners to violence during the childbearing period, and had become fathers within the previous 6 years, participated. Results: The analysis revealed four themes: beginning to acknowledge that you are inflicting violence, receiving confirmation that you are more than just a perpetrator of violence, becoming aware of the child, and the desire to receive support in the process of learning how to become a father. Levinas’ concept “the face of the other” is used to interpret the findings. Conclusion: This study contributes to a more nuanced and expanded picture of IPV. It shows that men who inflict violence want to be and learn how to be fathers. We need more knowledge about how to stop violent acts and support these men in the process of fatherhood.
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| 4. |
- Håland, Kristin, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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The meaning of men's experiences of becoming and being fathers, in men who have subjected their partners to violence
- 2014
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Ingår i: Fathering: A Journal of Theory, Research, and Practice about Men as Fathers. - 1537-6680 .- 1933-026X. ; 12:2, s. 178-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A phenomenological hermeneutic approach was used to illuminate the meaning of the lived experience of becoming a father, in men who had subjected their partners to violence. Ten fathers were interviewed. Four themes were developed: being forced to take responsibility; being afraid that the violence will continue in subsequent generations; striving to stay in control; and being a “good enough” father. The transition to becoming a father is a demanding process with ambiguous emotions, and the situation is especially difficult when the men have a history of violent behavior. The men clearly distinguished between the pregnant woman and the unborn child. Although they exercised violence against the women, they wanted to make their children safe, to protect them from violence, and to become good fathers.
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