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| 2. |
- Kuklane, Kalev, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of BARRIER® EasyWarm on Healthy Volunteers in Three Different Climates and Verification of the Degree of Correlation Between Tests Performed on Healthy Volunteers and in a standardized bench test
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- INTRODUCTION Anaesthesia induced hypothermia is a common serious but preventable condition associated with increased bleeding and blood transfusion, increased risk for surgical site infections and increased risk for morbid cardiac events. Active warming is effective in preventing hypothermia but there is a need for more easy to use cost-effective products making active warming available to more patients. Establishing how the environment affects skin temperature and total body heat content (TBHC) as well as the correlation between standardized bench tests and healthy volunteer skin temperature is an important aspect in developing new, more effective warming products to prevent or treat hypothermia as this means fewer healthy volunteers are needed as changes to skin temperature could be estimated based on data from bench tests. OBJECTIVES This investigation was undertaken in order to investigate the safety and efficacy of Active warming with BARRIER® EasyWarm when used in three different climate settings and using different test methods; standardized bench test T-1127 measuring temperatures on a wooden board and measuring skin and core temperature on healthy volunteers. An additional objective in this investigation was to determine the degree of correlation between these test methods. OUTCOME A statistically significant increase in TBHC is seen when comparing TBHC over time in all three climates, respectively. With this investigation design we cannot show that there is a difference in TBHC between the different climates though, i.e. the heat generated from the blanket to the subject is not significantly different in the different climates. Based on this investigation the active warming blanket managed to maintain or increase the temperature of the subjects without any adverse thermal effects. Thermal comfort and the mean thermal sensation were maintained between slightly cold and warm throughout the whole exposure length. The active self-warming blanket was well tolerated in healthy male volunteers. None of the six Adverse Events (AE) reported were serious and none of them were related to the investigational device but rather to the immobilisation or the tension of participating in the investigation. All AEs were resolved at end of test. Skin temperature reached maximally 42.2°C, and thus, it never reached the lowest pain threshold of 43°C under any conditions. Increase of core temperature over time in climate 18°C and 24°C was in average 0.1°C to 0.2°C leading to mean final core temperatures of 36.9 (SD 0.2) and 37.1 (SD 0.4) °C for 18°C and 24°C exposures, respectively.
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| 3. |
- Alametsä, Jarmo, et al.
(författare)
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Age-related circulatory responses to whole body cooling: observations by ballistocardiographic EMFi sensors
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Ambience 14&10i3m : Scientific Conference for Smart and Functional Textiles, Well-Being, Thermal Comfort in Clothing, Design, Thermal Manikins and Modellin, 7-9 September 2014, Tampere, Finland - Scientific Conference for Smart and Functional Textiles, Well-Being, Thermal Comfort in Clothing, Design, Thermal Manikins and Modellin, 7-9 September 2014, Tampere, Finland. - 2342-4540. - 9789521532696 ; 1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose was to study age related changes in circulatory system via Ballistocardiography (BCG) by utilizing Electromechanical Film (EMFi) sensors by gradually changing the ambient temperature from a thermoneutral area to cold direction. ECG and BCG were recorded from a young person (23 years) and from an older person (78 years), both males. During the tests, brachium blood pressure (BP) and pulse signals were recorded from neck and ankle (with EMFi sensor strips). Thermal camera images were taken in order to find out temperature changes in whole body and limbs. Temporal durations and amplitudes of seat BCG:s components (systolic and diastolic) as well as from pulse signals from neck and ankle were calculated. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) was obtained by utilizing the time between ECG’s R wave and maximum value of the ankle pulse signal. In both persons, the ankle pulse amplitude decreased when propagating to cold direction and increased in young person when returning to warmer ambient temperature. With young and old BCG:s systolic and diastolic temporal complexes remained stable, but systolic amplitudes increased in the older person (AHI 1.02 – 2.87, AIJ 0.7 – 2.66) as well as diastolic amplitudes (old; AKL 0.47 – 2.37). In the older person, PWV increased when moving to colder side. BP increased with a young person (from 95/64 to 132/75 mmHg), and with older person (from 125/68 to 176/101 mmHg) having a prominent rise in diastolic values during the cooling. The neck pulse wave amplitude AOP rise was modest with the younger person and had variation with the older person. Older person had also more intensive shivering compared to younger one. With the older person, the limbs stayed cold in thermal images when returning from cold to thermoneutral area. The present preliminary observations indicated clear age-related differences in the circulatory response to a mild whole-body thermal challenge.
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| 4. |
- Alametsä, Jarmo, et al.
(författare)
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Age‐related circulatory responses to whole body cooling: observations by heart rate variability
- 2015
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Ingår i: Finnish Journal of eHealth and eWelfare. - 1798-0798. ; 7:2-3, s. 57-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose was to study potential age ‐ related changes in the circulatory system via heart rate variability (HRV) by gradually lowering ambient temperature (0.2°C/min) from thermoneutral (32 C°) towards cold (18 C°). ECG was recorded from a young (31 years) and from an older subject (78 years), both males. During the tests, brachium blood pressure (BP) was recorded. During the cooling, BP increased in both subjects (young from 95/69 to 132/75 mmHg, old from 125/68 to 176/101 mmHg), the latter exhibiting a prominent rise in diastolic values after cooling. HRV parameters increased in both subjects during the cold exposure being modest in the younger subject as compared to the older one. Also, recovery from the cold in terms of HRV was faster in the younger subject. The present preliminary observations indicate that older age is coupled with altered HRV response to a mild whole‐body skin cooling.
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| 9. |
- Lundgren Kownacki, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Does a building renovation improve the indoor thermal comfort? : A thermal environment evaluation before and after renovation
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A sustainable renovation results in both a good indoor environment and high-energy efficiency. However, contemporary renovations often focus on energy and environmental performance, leaving out other aspects, such as the thermal comfort. The aim of the ongoing study is to compare the results of an extensive thermal environment evaluation before and after major renovation of ten typical 1970’s rental apartments in multi-family buildings located in Southern Sweden. The data collected is comprehensive and includes measurements of air temperature, relative humidity (RH), air velocity, plane radiant and globe temperature, draught rate, turbulence intensity, operative temperature, PMV/PPD indices and thermal sensation (thermal comfort evaluation) using a LumaSense INNOVA 1221 Thermal Comfort data logger. MSR Temp/RH data logger sensors were also placed at four different heights. The outside weather data and individual factors such as clothing, activity, gender, age were also collected. Measurements were taken in the living room of each apartment for 2 hours during three winter seasons: one measurement session before and two after renovation resulting in 30 measurements in total. The preliminary results from the first two winter seasons for draught rate, PMV/PPD, RH and radiant temperature all showed slight improvements after renovation. Further, the study results show that the individual perceived thermal comfort does not always agree with the measured and calculated thermal comfort. The data is currently under analysis and final results will be presented.
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| 10. |
- Lundgren Kownacki, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Heat Stress on Working Populations when facing Climate Change
- 2013
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Ingår i: Industrial Health. - : National Institute of Industrial Health. - 1880-8026 .- 0019-8366. ; 51:1, s. 3-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is accepted that the earth’s climate is changing in an accelerating pace, with already documented implications for human health and the environment. This literature review provides an overview of existing research findings about the effects of heat stress on the working population in relation to climate change. In the light of climate change adaptation, the purpose of the literature review was to explore recent and previous research into the impacts of heat stress on humans in an occupational setting. Heat stress in the workplace has been researched extensively in the past however, in the contemporary context of climate change, information is lacking on its extent and implications. The main factors found to exacerbate heat stress in the current and future workplace are the urban ‘heat island effect’, physical work, individual differences, and the developing country context where technological fixes are often not applicable. There is also a lack of information on the effects on vulnerable groups such as elderly people and pregnant women. As increasing temperatures reduce work productivity, world economic productivity could be condensed, affecting developing countries in the tropical climate zone disproportionately. Future research is needed taking an interdisciplinary approach, including social, economic, environmental and technical aspects.
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