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- Bjärehed, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Do Adolescents Feel Worse Today ? – Comparing prevalence of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Disordered Eating From 2007 to 2023 in Swedish adolescents
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The prevalence of mental health issues is rising, especially among youth. Research shows that diagnosable and subthreshold mood disorder symptoms are increasing. Notably, and particularly troublesome, there are indications that some mental health issues, such as non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and disordered eating (DE) behaviors, have increased during the last decades, these reports, however, do not always have a sound scientific basis. Furthermore, it remains unclear how these trends are developing, which aspects of mental health have deteriorated, and which have not.ObjectiveWe aim to study the changes in mental health, particularly NSSI and DE, over the past 16 years by comparing data planned to be collected in 2023 from a community cohort of adolescents (mean age 14 years) with the results from a corresponding cohort of adolescents who participated in the data collection in 2007. Methods Preliminary results presented here are based on a pilot sample of adolescents (mean age 14 years, N = 354) collected in preparation for the main data collection (planed date Mars-April 2023) in a large community cohort of adolescents. The new data will be collected in the same municipality as 2007 inviting all regular school students in grades 7-9. We expect that about 1500 students will participate in the new data collection and the cohort of students will be compared to a cohort of students (N=973) in grades 7-8 collected in 2007.Results & Conclusion No significant overall mean differences in NSSI and DE were found between the 2022 and 2007 samples. However, significant interaction effects were found between gender and year with girls in 2022 reporting significantly more NSSI compared to the girls in 2007. Furthermore, significantly more girls also reported repetitive (≥ 5 instances) NSSI (32.6% and 20.5%). Concerning DE, boys reported a significantly lower frequency of DE in 2022 compared to 2007. Overall prevalence of NSSI and DE appears to be rather stable over the last 15 years, but a possible increase of NSSI in girls, and a possible decrease of DE in boys, should be examined further.
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| 3. |
- Claréus, Benjamin, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of a Swedish version of the short UPPS-P impulsive behavior scale among young adults
- 2017
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Ingår i: Addictive Behaviors Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-8532. ; 6, s. 118-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- he UPPS-P model of impulsivity proposes that impulsivity comprises five distinct facets—negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking. The UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale has been used to measure these facets. The purpose of the current study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the 20-item UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (SUPPS-P). The sample comprised 343 Swedish young adults (Mage = 24.21, SD = 2.01; 27% men, 2% other or undisclosed gender identity) who answered a questionnaire including the SUPPS-P; Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21); and questions regarding their alcohol consumption and substance use. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a 5-factor, inter-correlated model, where each subscale of the SUPPS-P constitutes one latent variable. The convergent validity was established by replicating previously found correlations between the different impulsivity facets and depression, anxiety, frequency of alcohol consumption, and substance use. The internal consistency was acceptable for all the SUPPS-P subscales (Cronbach's α = 0.65–0.78, McDonald's ω = 0.65–0.79), except lack of perseverance (Cronbach's α = 0.60, McDonald's ω = 0.61). Thus, while the Swedish version of the SUPPS-P is suitable for assessing impulsivity in Swedish young adult samples, further research is needed to improve the psychometric properties of the lack of perseverance subscale.
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- Daukantaité, Daiva, et al.
(författare)
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What happens to young adults who have engaged in self-injurious behavior as adolescents? A 10-year follow-up
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-165X .- 1018-8827.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the longitudinal associations between non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in early adolescence and various positive and negative aspects of mental health in young adulthood. The participants were a cohort of regular school students (n = 1064) in grades 7–8 from a Swedish municipality. Nine hundred and ninety-one of these completed an 11-page questionnaire (T1: Mage = 13.7; 50.3% girls); 1 year later, 984 students completed the questionnaire again (T2: Mage = 14.8; 51.1% girls); and 10 years later, 557 took part (T3: Mage = 25.3; 59.2% women). The prevalence of any NSSI (≥ 1 instance) decreased from about 40% in adolescence to 18.7% in young adulthood, while the prevalence of repetitive NSSI (≥ 5 instances) decreased from about 18 to 10%. Compared to individuals who reported no NSSI as adolescents, and controlling for gender and psychological difficulties in adolescence, adolescents with stable repetitive NSSI (i.e., repetitive NSSI at both T1 and T2) showed significantly higher levels of stress, anxiety, NSSI, and difficulties in emotion regulation 10 years later. Even infrequent and unstable repetitive NSSI in adolescence was associated with negative outcomes in young adulthood. These results suggest that stable repetitive NSSI in adolescence is a strong risk factor for mental health problems in young adulthood and that occasional engagement in NSSI in adolescence is an indicator of vulnerability for poorer mental health in young adulthood.
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| 7. |
- Gustle, Lars-Henry, et al.
(författare)
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Blueprints in Sweden. Symptom load in Swedish adolescents in studies of Functional Family Therapy (FFT), Multisystemic Therapy (MST) and Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC).
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 61:6, s. 443-451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to compare symptom load in youth groups treated with three Swedish Blueprint programmes - Functional Family Therapy (FFT), Multisystemic Therapy (MST) and Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) - to see if symptom load matches the intensity of the treatment model as expected. These youth groups were also compared with in- and outpatients from child and adolescent psychiatry, and a normal comparison group. In addition, we compared the symptom load of their mothers. Symptom load was measured by the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) in the adolescents, and by the Symptom Checklist 90 in their mothers. The results showed that youth in the MST and MTFC studies had a higher symptom load than in the FFT study, and the same pattern of results was found in their mothers. It is concluded that there seems to be a reasonable correspondence between the offered resources and the symptom load among youth and parents; treatment methods with higher intensity have been offered to youth with higher symptom load. The correlation between internalized and externalized symptoms was high in all study groups. The MST and MTFC groups had an equally high total symptom load as the psychiatric inpatient sample.
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| 8. |
- Jansson, Billy, 0063-
(författare)
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Does the way in which we perceive the world make us susceptible to anxiety?
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One major focus of anxiety research in recent years has been the identification of cognitive factors that promote increased vulnerability to anxiety. Cognitive formulations propose that anxiety is characterised by an increased tendency to attend to negatively valenced emotional information, and that this bias may play a causal role in the development and maintenance of clinical anxiety. Evidence suggests that this anxiety-linked processing bias occurs even in conditions in which the stimuli are masked in order to prevent awareness of the content (i.e., preattentive bias). The present thesis focused principally on the preferential processing of threat-related information that occurs outside awareness. Two different outcome measures were used to index preferential preattentive processing of threat-related information in non-clinical populations: The emotional Stroop task was used to index selective attention to masked presentation of threatening word stimuli, whereas skin conductance responses were used to index selective autonomic responses to masked presentation of threatening pictorial stimuli. The empirical studies in the present thesis showed that elevated levels of trait anxiety promote preferential preattentive processing of negatively valenced information, whereas elevated levels of social desirability (interpreted as defensiveness) generally prevent preferential preattentive processing of negatively valenced information, especially among those at higher levels of trait anxiety, irrespective of outcome measure used. Moreover, previous research has demonstrated that a person’s most common emotional reaction when encountering a stressful event is causally influenced by that person’s habitual tendency to selectively encode the most threatening aspects of all available information. Thus, preattentive bias (as measured with the emotional Stroop task) was used to predict the emotional responses (as seen on self-reported emotional distress and autonomic reactivity) following exposure to a laboratory stressor. This study showed that preattentive bias to negative information had significant effects on both self-reported and physiological measures in response to a laboratory stressor, but in diametrically opposite directions. Specifically, whereas preattentive bias was positively associated with self-reported negative emotional response, it was negatively associated with a physiological indicator of emotional response. The results were discussed in terms of an inability to automatically inhibit the processing of threatening cues, which seems to be a vulnerability marker for anxiety. Whether this bias is ultimately sufficient for the development of clinical anxiety remains to be examined in future research. Additionally, more information is needed before it can be established that the emotional Stroop task can be viewed as a reliable diagnostic tool for determining an individual’s anxiety status.
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| 10. |
- Lundh, Lars-Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Sömnstörningar
- 2006
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Ingår i: Kognitiv beteendeterapi inom psykiatrin. - 912710947X ; , s. 195-210
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I kapitlet beskrivs kognitiva och beteendeinriktade behandlingsmetoder vid sömnstörningar, i första hand insomni. En översikt ges av diagnos och analys utifrån en KBT-modell. Beteendeanalys med hjälp av intervju, sömndagbok och självskattningsskalor beskrivs. En sammanfattning görs av vanliga behandlingsmetoder som avslappningsmetoder, paradoxal intention, stimuluskontroll, sömnrestriktion och kognitiva metoder. Även andra typer av sömnstörningar (sömnapné, narkolepsi, parasomnier och dygnsrytmstörningar) berörs kort.
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