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- Kindberg, Elin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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A Missense Mutation in the Toll‐like Receptor 3 Gene (TLR3) is Associated with Decreased Risk of Tick‐borne Encephalitis
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Infections with tick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) may be asymptomatic or cause severe symptoms from the central nervous system, such as meningitis or encephalitis. A mutation in the chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) gene has been associated with increased risk of TBE but can only explain a limited number of cases and investigations of further risk factors are clearly needed. To investigate the importance of the innate immune response, 128 Lithuanian TBE patients with meningitis or encephalitis, 77 patients with aseptic meningoencephalitis (AME) and 135 healthy controls were analyzed for three mutations: two in the toll‐like receptor 3 (TLR3) gene and one in the 2´‐5´ oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) gene. While no association was found between the mutation in OAS1 and TBE, the genotype distribution of one of the mutations in TLR3, rs3775291, differed significantly between the TBE patients and the controls. 61%, 32% and 7% of the TBE patients (n=127) were carriers of the wild‐type/wild‐type, heterozygous and mutant/mutant genotype of TLR3 rs3775291 genotype respectively. The corresponding percentages for healthy controls (n=126) were 52%, 29% and 19% (P=0.02) and for AME patients (n=75) 47%, 32% and 21% (P=0.009). The wild‐type rs3775291 allele was more common among TBE patients than healthy controls (allele frequency 0.768 vs. 0.663, P=0.01), suggesting that functional TLR3 is a risk factor for severe TBEV infection.
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| 2. |
- Krambrich, Janina, et al.
(författare)
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Vector competence of Swedish Culex pipiens mosquitos for Japanese Encephalitis Virus
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an emerging mosquito-borne Orthoflavivirus that poses a significant public health concern in many temperate and tropical regions in Asia. Since the climate in some endemic countries is similar to temperate climates observed in Europe, understanding the role of specific mosquito species in the transmission of JEV is essential for predicting and effectively controlling the potential for an introduction and establishment of JEV in Europe. This study aimed to investigate the vector competence of colonized Culex pipiens biotype molestus mosquitoes for JEV. The mosquitoes were initially collected from the field in southern Sweden. The mosquitoes were offered a blood meal containing the Nakayama strain of JEV (genotype III), and infection rates (IR), dissemination rates (DR), and transmission rates (TR) were evaluated at 14, 21, and 28 days post-feeding. The study revealed that colonized Swedish Cx. pipiens are susceptible to JEV infection, with stable IR of around 10% at all time-points. However, virus was only detected in the legs of one mosquito at 21 days post feeding, and no mosquito saliva contained JEV. Overall, this research shows that Swedish Cx. pipiens can become infected with JEV, and emphasizes the importance of further understanding the thresholds and barriers for JEV dissemination in mosquitoes.
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