| 1. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
|
|
| 2. |
- Zhou, Bin, et al.
(författare)
-
Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 387:10027, s. 1513-1530
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are aff ecting the number of adults with diabetes.Methods: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue.Findings: We used data from 751 studies including 4372000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-17.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target.Interpretation: Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults aff ected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
|
|
| 3. |
- Danaei, Goodarz, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331288 participants
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. - 2213-8595 .- 2213-8587. ; 3:8, s. 624-637
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA(1c). We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classification of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabetes in a pooled analysis of data from population-based health examination surveys in different regions. Methods We used data from 96 population-based health examination surveys that had measured at least two of the biomarkers used for defining diabetes. Diabetes was defined using HbA(1c) (HbA(1c) >= 6 . 5% or history of diabetes diagnosis or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs) compared with either FPG only or FPG-or-2hOGTT definitions (FPG >= 7 . 0 mmol/L or 2hOGTT >= 11 . 1 mmol/L or history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated diabetes prevalence, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights. We compared the prevalences of diabetes using different definitions graphically and by regression analyses. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis based on HbA1c compared with diagnosis based on glucose among previously undiagnosed individuals (ie, excluding those with history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated sensitivity and specificity in each survey, and then pooled results using a random-effects model. We assessed the sources of heterogeneity of sensitivity by meta-regressions for study characteristics selected a priori. Findings Population prevalence of diabetes based on FPG- or-2hOGTT was correlated with prevalence based on FPG alone (r= 0 . 98), but was higher by 2-6 percentage points at different prevalence levels. Prevalence based on HbA(1c) was lower than prevalence based on FPG in 42 . 8% of age-sex-survey groups and higher in another 41 . 6%; in the other 15 . 6%, the two definitions provided similar prevalence estimates. The variation across studies in the relation between glucose-based and HbA(1c)-based prevalences was partly related to participants' age, followed by natural logarithm of per person gross domestic product, the year of survey, mean BMI, and whether the survey population was national, subnational, or from specific communities. Diabetes defined as HbA(1c) 6 . 5% or more had a pooled sensitivity of 52 . 8% (95% CI 51 . 3-54 . 3%) and a pooled specificity of 99 . 74% (99 . 71-99 . 78%) compared with FPG 7 . 0 mmol/L or more for diagnosing previously undiagnosed participants; sensitivity compared with diabetes defined based on FPG-or-2hOGTT was 30 . 5% (28 . 7-32 . 3%). None of the preselected study-level characteristics explained the heterogeneity in the sensitivity of HbA(1c) versus FPG. Interpretation Different biomarkers and definitions for diabetes can provide different estimates of population prevalence of diabetes, and differentially identify people without previous diagnosis as having diabetes. Using an HbA(1c)-based definition alone in health surveys will not identify a substantial proportion of previously undiagnosed people who would be considered as having diabetes using a glucose-based test.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
|
|
| 6. |
- Pinzke, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
Tractor Incidence on Swedish roads
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Nordic Meeting on Agricultural Occupational Health & Safety August 27-29 Ystad Sweden.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Compared with other industries, agriculture is the most dangerous branch in Sweden. In 2004,at least one injury occurred on 8% of Swedish farms that resulted in body impairments andconstituted obstacle at work. Beside the injuries that occured on the farms farmers also areinvolved in incidents with tractors and other slow-moving vehicles (SMVs) on the roadsoutside the farms.
|
|
| 7. |
- Uhlén, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
-
The human secretome
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Science Signaling. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1945-0877 .- 1937-9145. ; 12:609
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The proteins secreted by human cells (collectively referred to as the secretome) are important not only for the basic understanding of human biology but also for the identification of potential targets for future diagnostics and therapies. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of proteins predicted to be secreted in human cells, which provides information about their final localization in the human body, including the proteins actively secreted to peripheral blood. The analysis suggests that a large number of the proteins of the secretome are not secreted out of the cell, but instead are retained intracellularly, whereas another large group of proteins were identified that are predicted to be retained locally at the tissue of expression and not secreted into the blood. Proteins detected in the human blood by mass spectrometry-based proteomics and antibody-based immuno-assays are also presented with estimates of their concentrations in the blood. The results are presented in an updated version 19 of the Human Protein Atlas in which each gene encoding a secretome protein is annotated to provide an open-access knowledge resource of the human secretome, including body-wide expression data, spatial localization data down to the single-cell and subcellular levels, and data about the presence of proteins that are detectable in the blood.
|
|
| 8. |
- Alwall Svennefelt, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
-
Migrant workers in Swedish agriculture and horticulture : Part 1: perspectives of employers
- 2012
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim Finding competent work force is a challenge for many farmers and owners of companies within agriculture and horticulture. This is even more a great issue when it´s a matter of finding seasonal workers. During a number of years there has been an increasing share of the work force with a non-Swedish background. But they are not immigrants which are becoming integrated in rural areas – they are migrant workers from other countries. The working conditions for these migrant workers are not well documented and their own experiences and attitudes and not yet studied. There is also lacking knowledge about the perspectives of the Swedish co-workers and the owners / managers on farms with migrant workers.With economical support from the Swedish Farmers Foundation for Agricultural Research (SLF) these issues are studied during 2012-2013. Methodology The project has started with a short up-date on other relevant studies, published reports and papers as well as connections with other researchers in this area – both national and international. A web-based survey among employers has been done in the first part of this project.In the following part there will be work-place studies with in-depth interviews involving migrant workers as well as Swedish co-workers and employers in order to get a base-line of knowledge for further actions. Results The initial web-based survey to employers was responded by almost 4000 farm employers. About 20% of the responders said that they used migrant workers during 2011, the majority from a country within the European Union (EU). The main reason for using migrant workers was lack of Swedish workers and financial reasons. The migrant workers were used for in many different work operations such as: animal production, weeding, planting and harvesting of field crops, forestry work, construction and maintenance of farm buildings. The major problems were related to language issues, such as: communication, information, misunderstandings etc. The employers wanted further support with information about regulations, information material on different languages and other issues on a web-page or as a practical “hand-book”. Conclusion and Perspectives The final results will be presented and discussed at a work-shop with involved stakeholders, organizations, authorities, researchers and other in order to create an action plan, a webpage or a “hand-book” for employers and managers as well as a research plan for further research. Further international collaboration including EU-funded projects is important to establish a sustainable labor market.
|
|
| 9. |
- Alwall Svennefelt, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
-
Migrant workers in Swedish agriculture : Attitudes, possibilities and challenges
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Landskap, trädgård, jordbruk : rapportserie. - 1654-5427. ; 2012, s. 19-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives Finding competent work force is a challenge for many farmers and owners of companies within agriculture and horticulture. This is even more a great issue when it´s a matter of finding seasonal workers. During a number of years there has been an increasing share of the work force with a non-Swedish background. But they are not immigrants which are becoming integrated in rural areas – they are migrant workers from other countries. The working conditions for these migrant workers are not well documented and their own experiences and attitudes and not yet studied. There is also lacking knowledge about the perspectives of the Swedish co-workers and the owners / managers on farms with migrant workers. With economical support from the Swedish Farmers Foundation for Agricultural Research (SLF) these issues are studied during 2012-2013. Methods The project has started with a short up-date on other relevant studies, published reports and papers as well as connections with other researchers in this area – both national and international. A web-based survey among employers has been done in the first part of this project. In the on-going part there are work-place studies with in-depth interviews involving migrant workers as well as Swedish co-workers and employers in order to get a base-line of knowledge for further actions. Results The initial web-based survey to employers was responded by almost 4000 farm employers. About 20% of the responders said that they used migrant workers during 2011, the majority from a country within the European Union (EU). The main reason for using migrant workers was lack of Swedish workers and financial reasons. The migrant workers were used for in many different work operations such as: animal production, weeding, planting and harvesting of field crops, forestry work, construction and maintenance of farm buildings. The major problems were related to language issues, such as: communication, information, misunderstandings etc. The employers wanted further support with information about regulations, information material on different languages and other issues on a web-page or as a practical “hand-book”. The final results will be presented and discussed at a work-shop with involved stakeholders, organizations, authorities, researchers and other in order to create an action plan, a webpage or a “hand-book” for employers and managers as well as a research plan for further research. Further international collaboration including EU-funded projects is important to establish a sustainable labor market.
|
|
| 10. |
- Lindahl, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Animal-related injury risks in dairy farming
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Landskap, trädgård, jordbruk : rapportserie. - 1654-5427. ; 2012, s. 71-71
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and aim Animal-related occupational injuries in agriculture are common and potentially severe and costly. In Sweden, animal-related injuries represents about ¼ of all injuries in agriculture. A majority of animal-related injuries involve cattle, and especially dairy cattle seem to be frequently involved. The fatal injuries related to animals were caused by attacks from cows or bulls. Despite the large number of documented animal-related injuries in dairy farming, the issue has received relatively limited attention in the scientific literature. This study is part of a PhD project with focus on prevention of occupational accidents in dairy farming. The aim was to get a deeper understanding of when and why hazardous situations occur during animal handling and to identify factors affecting risk and safety during animal handling. Methods On 12 commercial dairy farms, the collection of cows to milking and claw trimming was studied from the perspective of the handler, the animals and the facilities. The collection of data was carried out during spring 2012 and will continue in autumn. Data collection includes: Behavioural observations of handler and cows Heart rate measurements of handler and cows perceived stress, attitudes to cows and to handling of cowsQuestionnaire on handler’s risk perception, attitudes to risk, safety locus of control, Design of the facility: checklist and short interview Results Data will be analysed during autumn 2012. The results are expected to give some insight to how the handler’s risk and stress perception, attitudes and behavioural intentions are related to behaviour towards cows and risk potential during animal handling. The results will be used to identify underlying causes of injury risks during animal handling in dairy farms and to suggest possible prevention strategies.
|
|
