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- Gustafsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of burnout in competitive adolescent athletes
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Sport psychologist. - : Human Kinetics. - 0888-4781 .- 1543-2793. ; 21:1, s. 21-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the factorial validity of the Eades Burnout Inventory (EABI) and the prevalence of burnout in adolescent elite athletes and whether burnout is more common in individual sports than in team sports. The EABI was distributed to 980 athletes (402 females and 578 males) in 29 different sports. Confirmatory-factor analyses revealed an acceptable factorial validity for a theoretically supported four-factor model of the EABI. Between 1% and 9% of the athletes displayed elevated burnout scores on these four subscales. The hypothesis of higher prevalence of burnout in individual sports was, however, not supported. Furthermore, no correlation between training load and burnout scores was found. These findings suggest that factors other than training load must be considered when athletes at risk for burnout are investigated.
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- Gustafsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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The process of burnout : A multiple case study of three elite endurance athletes
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sport Psychology. - : Edizioni Luigi Pozzi srl. - 0047-0767. ; 38:4, s. 388-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the process of burning out in endurance athletes. The experiences of three elite cross-country skiers who left Their sport due to burnout were explored. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and inductively analyzed. The Athlete Burnout Questionnaire and training logs were used to validate the interviews and to enrich the analysis. The burnout process was found to evolve with different severity and time perspectives in the three cases. Athletic identity and achievement strivings to validate self-esteem were found to be important driving forces in the burnout process. Also, chronic lack of mental and physical recovery as well as early skiing success leading to high expectations comprised common themes in the burnout process.
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- Hassmén, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Intra-individual variability in state anxiety and self-confidence in elite golfers
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Sport Behavior. - : University of South Alabama. - 0162-7341. ; 27:3, s. 277-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precompetition anxiety levels are assumed to moderate athletic performance. Unfortunately, cross-sectional and nomothetic research designs have often shown non-significant findings; intra-individual variability may be a contributing factor. The extent of variability in precompetition anxiety and self-confidence responses as related to golf performance and trait measures were therefore examined using an idiographic approach. Individual patterns of variability were found for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety and Self-Confidence scores yielded prior to the games played. Variability in Somatic Anxiety was significantly related to variability in golf performance. Players low in anxiety variability scored significantly higher on Private Self-Consciousness. The findings suggest the influence of anxiety and self-confidence on performance may be better understood when trait characteristics of the individual are also considered.
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- Lundqvist, Carolina
(författare)
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Competing Under Pressure : State Anxiety, Sports Performance and Assessment
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Elevated levels of anxiety are a common response to stressful competitive sports situations, are known to moderate athletic performance and are referred to as an unpleasant emotional state associated with perceptions of situational threat. The empirical studies in this dissertation considered primarily psychometric, methodological and conceptual issues of relevance for the study of anxiety and sports performance. In Study I, athletes were followed across a full competitive season to explore patterns of inter- and intra-individual variability of anxiety and self-confidence in relation to performance. The findings imply intra-individual anxiety and self-confidence variability to affect performance differently than the specific intensity level and are discussed in relation to more stable personality dispositions such as private self-consciousness. Study II evaluated the psychometric properties of the 27-item Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) and alternative versions of this scale. General support for a 17-item version (CSAI-2R) was found, but there are also psychometric limitations future research needs to resolve. Study III investigated assessment of intensity and directional ratings on single anxiety items with reference to the conceptualisation of anxiety symptoms as interpreted on a debilitative-facilitative continuum. The findings question the importance and rationale of assessing anxiety direction and revealed serious concerns with assessment procedures and statistical techniques applied in previous research. These concerns were also supported in Study IV, which explored athletes’ idiosyncratic experiences of debilitative and facilitative anxiety symptoms in terms of intensity and emotional valence. The findings are discussed and summarised in a model in order to increase conceptual clarity and provide implications for future research regarding anxiety and related emotional performance states.
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