| 1. |
- Lynch, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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Cord blood islet autoantibodies and seasonal association with the type 1 diabetes high-risk genotype.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Perinatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0743-8346 .- 1476-5543. ; 28:3, s. 211-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:Human leukocyte antigen DQ (HLA-DQ) genetic factors and islet autoantibodies are strongly associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and are currently used to predict T1D. This study examined whether islet autoantibodies in the cord blood of newborns to nondiabetic mothers were associated with the (T1D) high-risk genotype HLA-DQ2/8, gestational infections or both.Study Design:Cord blood samples were taken from 33 683 newborns and used for HLA typing and analyses of islet autoantibodies. Parents completed questionnaires when the child was 2 months of age.Result:The prevalence of newborn islet autoantibodies consistently varied with season over 4 years (P<0.0001); lowest in first quarter (1.2%) and highest in third (2.4%). Cord blood islet autoantibodies were associated with HLA-DQ2/8 in the second (OR, 2.30; P=0.02), third (OR, 2.12; P=0.008) and fourth quarters (OR, 2.49; P=0.007), but not in the first (OR, 1.13). Reported gastroenteritis was additionally associated with islet autoantibodies in the third quarter (OR, 1.80, P=0.04).Conclusion:An association between HLA and islet autoimmunity may depend on environmental exposure during pregnancy. Follow-up of mothers and children will determine risk of T1D.Journal of Perinatology (2008) 28, 211-217; doi:10.1038/sj.jp.7211912; published online 14 February 2008.
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| 2. |
- Papadopoulou, Anastasia, et al.
(författare)
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The type 1 diabetes protective HLA DQB1*0602 allele is less frequent in gestational diabetes mellitus.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0428 .- 0012-186X. ; 52, s. 1339-1342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We tested whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with HLA-DQ genotypes. METHODS: A total of 764 mothers with non-autoimmune (GAD65, insulinoma-associated protein 2 [IA-2] and insulin autoantibody-negative) GDM were ascertained between September 2000 and August 2004 in the population-based Diabetes Prediction in Skåne (DiPiS) study. HLA-DQB1 genotypes were determined in these mothers and in 1191 randomly selected non-diabetic control mothers also negative for islet autoantibodies. The data were analysed in relation to maternal age, country of birth, number of pregnancies/siblings and pregnancy weight gain. RESULTS: The frequency of type 1 diabetes high-risk HLA-DQ alleles (DQB1*0201, DQB1*0302) did not differ between GDM mothers and controls. In contrast, the low-risk DQB1*0602 allele was less prevalent (OR 0.64, 95% CI = 0.51-0.80, p = 0.0006) in GDM than in control mothers. The difference in DQB1*0602 frequency between GDM mothers and controls remained after multiple logistic regression analysis correcting for maternal age, country of birth, number of pregnancies/siblings and weight gain during pregnancy (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.51-0.88, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The negative association between mothers who have non-autoimmune GDM and HLA-DQ*0602 suggest that this allele may protect not only from type 1 diabetes but also from GDM.
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