| 1. |
- Gustavsson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of breed and casein genetic variants on protein profile in milk from Swedish Red, Danish Holstein, and Danish Jersey cows.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 1525-3198 .- 0022-0302. ; 97:6, s. 3866-3877
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In selecting cows for higher milk yields and milk quality, it is important to understand how these traits are affected by the bovine genome. The major milk proteins exhibit genetic polymorphism and these genetic variants can serve as markers for milk composition, milk production traits, and technological properties of milk. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between casein (CN) genetic variants and detailed protein composition in Swedish and Danish dairy milk. Milk and DNA samples were collected from approximately 400 individual cows each of 3 Scandinavian dairy breeds: Swedish Red (SR), Danish Holstein (DH), and Danish Jersey (DJ). The protein profile with relative concentrations of α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and αS1-, αS2-, κ-, and β-CN was determined for each milk sample using capillary zone electrophoresis. The genetic variants of the αS1- (CSN1S1), β- (CSN2), and κ-CN (CSN3) genes for each cow were determined using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Univariate statistical models were used to evaluate the effects of composite genetic variants, αS1-β-κ-CN, on the protein profile. The 3 studied Scandinavian breeds differed from each other regarding CN genotypes, with DH and SR having similar genotype frequencies, whereas the genotype frequencies in DJ differed from the other 2 breeds. The similarities in genotype frequencies of SR and DH and differences compared with DJ were also seen in milk production traits, gross milk composition, and protein profile. Frequencies of the most common composite αS1-β-κ-CN genotype BB/A(2)A(2)/AA were 30% in DH and 15% in SR, and cows that had this genotype gave milk with lower relative concentrations of κ- and β-CN and higher relative concentrations of αS-CN, than the majority of the other composite genotypes in SR and DH. The effect of composite genotypes on relative concentrations of the milk proteins was not as pronounced in DJ. The present work suggests that a higher frequency of BB/A(1)A(2)/AB, together with a decrease in BB/A(2)A(2)/AA, could have positive effects on DH and SR milk regarding, for example, the processing of cheese.
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| 2. |
- Gustavsson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of genetic variants of milk proteins on chymosin-induced gelation properties of milk from individual cows of Swedish Red dairy cattle
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Dairy Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0958-6946 .- 1879-0143. ; 39:1, s. 102-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chymosin-induced gelation properties of the milk of around 400 Swedish Red dairy cows was investigated with the aim of identifying genetic protein variants that influence chymosin-induced gelation for optimisation of cheese milk through breeding practices. The variation in chymosin-induced gelation properties was shown to be large in the milk of Swedish Red and there was a high frequency of cows producing non-coagulating milk, 18%. The present study showed that the common composite beta-kappa-casein genotypes A(1)A(2)/AE and A(2)A(2)/AA were associated with both poor gelation properties and non-coagulation in the milk of Swedish Red. The present study suggests that if the frequencies of composite genotypes A(1)A(2)/AE and A(2)A(2)/AA were decreased in the Swedish Red population in favour for A(1)A(1)/AA and A(1)A(1)/AE, this could have a positive effect on the rennetability of the milk. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Glantz, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of animal selection on milk composition and processability.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 1525-3198 .- 0022-0302. ; 92:9, s. 4589-4603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One goal of animal breeding is to increase the economic output through increased production, improved milk quality, and cow health. The objective of this study was to evaluate genetic progress in relation to milk composition, processability, and yield as a correlated response to selection for the Swedish breeding objective. Dairy cows with high genetic merit, classified as elite dairy cows, of the Swedish Red and Swedish Holstein breeds were used. Milk samples were collected on the farm level in winter and summer from a research herd at Nötcenter Viken, a bovine research farm in Sweden. Comparisons were made with milk from a Swedish Red herd, a Swedish Holstein herd, and a Swedish dairy processor in the same geographical area. Protein, lipid, and carbohydrate profiles as well as minerals were analyzed, and technological properties, including rennet-induced gelation characteristics, lipid oxidation, total antioxidant capacity, and fat globule size, were determined. Higher yields were found for elite cows for components of the protein, lipid, and carbohydrate profiles as well as for minerals, implying genetic progress in relation to milk yield; however, the content of some milk components (e.g., lipid and whey protein contents) had decreased on average. Milk from the elite cows had good gelation characteristics, but was more susceptible to lipid autooxidation and had a lower total antioxidant capacity. These results demonstrate that milk composition and processing characteristics could be used to adjust breeding practices to optimize the quality and stability of milk and dairy products.
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| 4. |
- Gregersen, V R, et al.
(författare)
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Bovine chromosomal regions affecting rheological traits in rennet-induced skim milk gels.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 1525-3198 .- 0022-0302. ; 98:2, s. 1261-1272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimizing cheese yield and quality is of central importance to cheese manufacturing. The yield is associated with the time it takes before the gel has an optimal consistency for further processing, and it is well known that gel formation differs between individual milk samples. By identifying genomic regions affecting traits related to rennet-induced gelation, the aim of this study was to identify potential candidate genes affecting these traits. Hence, rennet-induced gelation, including rennet coagulation time, gel strength, and yield stress, was measured in skim milk samples collected from 379 animals of the Swedish Red breed using low-amplitude oscillation measurements. All animals had genotypes for almost 621,000 segregating single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), identified using the Bovine HD SNPChip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). The genome was scanned for associations, haplotypes based on SNP sets comprising highly associated SNP were inferred, and the effects of the 2 most common haplotypes within each region were analyzed using mixed models. Even though the number of animals was relatively small, a total of 21 regions were identified, with 4 regions showing association with more than one trait. A major quantitative trait locus for all traits was identified around the casein cluster explaining between 9.3 to 15.2% of the phenotypic variation of the different traits. In addition, 3 other possible candidate genes were identified; that is, UDP-n-acetyl-α-d-galactosamine:polypeptide n-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase 1 (GALNT1), playing a role in O-glycosylation of κ-casein, and 2 cathepsins, CTSZ and CTSC, possibly involved in proteolysis of milk proteins. We have shown that other genes than the casein genes themselves may be involved in the regulation of gelation traits. However, additional analysis is needed to confirm these results. To our knowledge, this is the first study identifying quantitative trait loci affecting rennet-induced gelation of skim milk through a high-density genome-wide association study.
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| 5. |
- Gustavsson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Factors influencing chymosin-induced gelation of milk from individual dairy cows: Major effects of casein micelle size and calcium
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Dairy Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0958-6946 .- 1879-0143. ; 39:1, s. 201-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimisation of cheese yield is crucial for cheese production; a previous study showed large variations in chymosin-induced coagulation in milk from the second most common Swedish dairy breed, Swedish Red. In the present study, the effect of gross composition, protein composition, total and ionic calcium content, phosphorous content and casein micelle size on chymosin-induced gelation was determined in milk from 98 Swedish Red cows. The study showed that protein content and total calcium content, ionic calcium concentration and casein micelle size were the most important factors explaining the variation of gelation properties in this sample set. Non-coagulating milk was suggested to have lower ionic and total calcium content as well as lower relative concentrations of beta-lactoglobulin than coagulating milk. The lower total calcium content in non-coagulating milk poses a problem as the difference was, theoretically, four times larger than the amount of calcium that is normally added in cheese processing. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Rodrigues, Ligia R., et al.
(författare)
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The role of osteopontin in tumor progression and metastasis in breast cancer
- 2007
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - 1538-7755. ; 16:6, s. 1087-1097
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of cancer biomarkers to anticipate the outlines of disease has been an emerging issue, especially as cancer treatment has made such positive steps in the last few years. Progress in the development of consistent malignancy markers is imminent because advances in genomics and bioinformatics have allowed the examination of immense amounts of data. Osteopontin is a phosphorylated glycoprotein secreted by activated macrophages, leukocytes, and activated T lymphocytes, and is present in extracellular fluids, at sites of inflammation, and in the extracellular matrix of mineralized tissues. Several physiologic roles have been attributed to osteopontin, i.e., in inflammation and immune function, in mineralized tissues, in vascular tissue, and in kidney. Osteopontin interacts with a variety of cell surface receptors, including several integrins and CD44. Binding of osteopontin to these cell surface receptors stimulates cell adhesion, migration, and specific signaling functions. Overexpression of osteopontin has been found in a variety of cancers, including breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, ovarian cancer, and melanoma. Moreover, osteopontin is present in elevated levels in the blood and plasma of some patients with metastatic cancers. Therefore, suppression of the action of osteopontin may confer significant therapeutic activity, and several strategies for bringing about this suppression have been identified. This review looks at the recent advances in understanding the possible mechanisms by which osteopontin may contribute functionally to malignancy, particularly in breast cancer. Furthermore, the measurement of osteopontin in the blood or tumors of patients with cancer, as a way of providing valuable prognostic information, will be discussed based on emerging clinical data.
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