| 1. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Müller-Hansen, Finn, et al.
(författare)
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Can Intensification of Cattle Ranching Reduce Deforestation in the Amazon? Insights From an Agent-based Social-Ecological Model
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ecological Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-8009 .- 1873-6106. ; 159, s. 198-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deforestation in the Amazon with its vast consequences for the ecosystem and climate is largely related to subsequent land use for cattle ranching. In addition to conservation policies, proposals to reduce deforestation include measures to intensify cattle ranching. However, the effects of land-use intensification on deforestation are debated in the literature. This paper introduces the abacra model, a stylized agent-based model to study the interplay of deforestation and the intensification of cattle ranching in the Brazilian Amazon. The model combines social learning and ecological processes with market dynamics. In the model, agents adopt either an extensive or semi-intensive strategy of cattle ranching based on the success of their neighbors. They earn their income by selling cattle on a stylized market. We present a comprehensive analysis of the model with statistical methods and find that it produces highly non-linear transient outcomes in dependence on key parameters like the rate of social interaction and elasticity of the cattle price. We show that under many environmental and economic conditions, intensification does not reduce deforestation rates and sometimes even has a detrimental effect on deforestation. Anti-deforestation policies incentivizing fast intensification can only lower deforestation rates under conditions in which the local cattle market saturates.
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| 3. |
- Glaser, Jürgen, et al.
(författare)
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Health-oriented work design interventions
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background/Aim: Current crisis of Western economies (e.g., growth, acceleration, work intensification) is reflected at an individual level in increasing health problems of work-forces (e.g., musculoskeletal problems, depression). In order to protect and improve work ability and health in organizations intervention strategies should reach beyond individual improvement of health behaviors and resilience and need to take into account more sustainable approaches of work design. We aim to advance knowledge and good practice of healthoriented work design interventions in different organizational contexts. All presented intervention studies are grounded in work psychological theories and concepts. Moreover, the evaluation designs are longitudinal and include intervention as well as control groups. All evaluations are based on well-established measures to assess psychosocial work characteristics as well as employee health.Content/Context: This symposium brings together applied interdisciplinary research of five institutions concerned with occupational health issues (I/O psychology, occupational and psychosomatic medicine) from three countries (Austria, Germany, Sweden). The research groups each have a long tradition in intervention research in different occupational settings. Six papers are proposed for presentations. Implications for research and practice: All presentations in this symposium will- provide evidence for changes in psychosocial work characteristics and employee health due to work design interventions- offer insights into intervention topics and processes in practice- discuss challenges, benefits and obstacles of health-oriented work design interventions.
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| 4. |
- Schlüter, Maja, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for mapping and comparing behavioural theories in models of social-ecological systems
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecological Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-8009 .- 1873-6106. ; 131, s. 21-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Formal models are commonly used in natural resource management (NRM) to study human-environment interactions and inform policy making. In the majority of applications, human behaviour is represented by the rational actor model despite growing empirical evidence of its shortcomings in NRM contexts. While the importance of accounting for the complexity of human behaviour is increasingly recognized, its integration into formal models remains a major challenge. The challenges are multiple: i) there exist many theories scattered across the social sciences, ii) most theories cover only a certain aspect of decision-making, iii) they vary in their degree of formalization, iv) causal mechanisms are often not specified. We provide a framework- MoHuB (Modelling Human Behavior) - to facilitate a broader inclusion of theories on human decision-making in formal NRM models. It serves as a tool and common language to describe, compare and communicate alternative theories. In doing so, we not only enhance understanding of commonalities and differences between theories, but take a first step towards tackling the challenges mentioned above. This approach may enable modellers to find and formalize relevant theories, and be more explicit and inclusive about theories of human decision making in the analysis of social ecological systems.
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