| 1. |
- Wallert, John, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting two-year survival versus non-survival after first myocardial infarction using machine learning and Swedish national register data
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6947. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Machine learning algorithms hold potential for improved prediction of all-cause mortality in cardiovascular patients, yet have not previously been developed with high-quality population data. This study compared four popular machine learning algorithms trained on unselected, nation-wide population data from Sweden to solve the binary classification problem of predicting survival versus non-survival 2 years after first myocardial infarction (MI).Methods: This prospective national registry study for prognostic accuracy validation of predictive models used data from 51,943 complete first MI cases as registered during 6 years (2006-2011) in the national quality register SWEDEHEART/RIKS-HIA (90% coverage of all MIs in Sweden) with follow-up in the Cause of Death register (> 99% coverage). Primary outcome was AUROC (C-statistic) performance of each model on the untouched test set (40% of cases) after model development on the training set (60% of cases) with the full (39) predictor set. Model AUROCs were bootstrapped and compared, correcting the P-values for multiple comparisons with the Bonferroni method. Secondary outcomes were derived when varying sample size (1-100% of total) and predictor sets (39, 10, and 5) for each model. Analyses were repeated on 79,869 completed cases after multivariable imputation of predictors.Results: A Support Vector Machine with a radial basis kernel developed on 39 predictors had the highest complete cases performance on the test set (AUROC = 0.845, PPV = 0.280, NPV = 0.966) outperforming Boosted C5.0 (0.845 vs. 0. 841, P = 0.028) but not significantly higher than Logistic Regression or Random Forest. Models converged to the point of algorithm indifference with increased sample size and predictors. Using the top five predictors also produced good classifiers. Imputed analyses had slightly higher performance.Conclusions: Improved mortality prediction at hospital discharge after first MI is important for identifying high-risk individuals eligible for intensified treatment and care. All models performed accurately and similarly and because of the superior national coverage, the best model can potentially be used to better differentiate new patients, allowing for improved targeting of limited resources. Future research should focus on further model development and investigate possibilities for implementation.
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| 2. |
- Elowsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling the Speed of Music Using Features from Harmonic/Percussive Separated Audio
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference. - : International Society for Music Information Retrieval. - 9780615900650 ; , s. 481-486
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the major parameters in music is the overall speed of a musical performance. In this study, a computational model of speed in music audio has been developed using a custom set of rhythmic features. Speed is often associ-ated with tempo, but as shown in this study, factors such as note density (onsets per second) and spectral flux are important as well. The original audio was first separated into a harmonic part and a percussive part and the fea-tures were extracted separately from the different layers. In previous studies, listeners had rated the speed of 136 songs, and the ratings were used in a regression to evalu-ate the validity of the model as well as to find appropriate features. The final models, consisting of 5 or 8 features, were able to explain about 90% of the variation in the training set, with little or no degradation for the test set.
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| 3. |
- Bååth, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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The Subjective Difficulty of Tapping to a Slow Beat
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition and the 8th Triennial Conference of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music.. ; , s. 82-85
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Dutton, Edward, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Why do middle-class couples of European descent adopt children from Africa and Asia? Some Support for the Differential K Model
- 2018
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 130, s. 156-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patterns of adoption behaviour are starkly asymmetric across populations. To better understand this phenomenon we conducted a systematic review of transracial adoption and adoption in general. We found six quantitative studies from the USA (with representative samples comprising a total of 117,000 participants) which had examined sex, race, and SES in relation to differences in behaviours and attitudes regarding both transracial adoption and adoption in general. A secondary analysis of these data found that transracial adopting is predicted by being female, white (as opposed to black), and of higher SES. These data are consistent with group differences in Life History Strategy – the Differential K model – regarding males and females, SES differences, and white and black people, but not with the fact that both transracial adoption and adoption rates in general seem to be lower in Northeast Asian countries. The influence of cultural factors upon these patterns may be addressed by future studies.
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| 5. |
- Madison, Guy, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Consistency in listeners’ ratings as a function of listening time
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Stockholm music acoustics conference. - Stockholm : Royal College of Technology. ; , s. 639-642
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the consistency and similarity of adjective ratings of 10 music examples (ME) across 7 different example durations. Although the effect of ME was generally statistically significant for all 14 adjectives and all durations from 0.5 to 16s, the agreement between the relative ratings of MEs was poor for some adjectives. Consistency, in terms of F ratios, did not increase with duration, which seems to contradict the hypothesis that more information entails better judgements. We discuss possible explanations for these results, and conclude that further examination of the validity of adjective ratings is warranted.
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| 6. |
- Madison, Guy, 1961-
(författare)
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Human female exogamy is supported by cross-species comparisons : Cause to recognise sex differences in societal policy?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 32:5, s. 400-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A sex difference in the tendency to outbreed (female exogamy) is a premise for the target article's proposed framework, which receives some support by being shared with chimpanzees but not with more distantly related primates. Further empirical support is provided, and it is suggested that recognition of sex differences might improve effective fairness, taking sexual assault as a case in point.
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| 7. |
- Madison, Guy, 1961-
(författare)
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Presumption and prejudice : quotas may solve some problems, but create many more
- 2017
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Ingår i: Mankind Quarterly. - Washington : Council for Social and Economic Studies. - 0025-2344. ; 58:1, s. 117-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some Western countries contemplate, or have already implemented, legislative means to counter group differences. Here, I consider the arguments for, and consequences of, sex quotas. I find that it is logically incoherent to impose selection based on group membership, such as quotas, unless one acknowledges that there is a group difference in some trait that affects the outcome in the domain in which the selection takes place. If such a group difference is acknowledged, however, a quota might decrease the proportion of individuals who are more likely to have undesirable traits that are difficult to measure. However, the fact that traits are normally distributed and overlap across groups means that it is more effective to select for desirable traits than for group membership. Also, quotas inevitably entail negative consequences that should be weighed in. From the perspective of the individual, it is fairer to be selected on the basis of traits one actually has, rather than a stereotype of the group one belongs to. From the perspective of society as a whole, focussing on group differences and selecting based on group membership is divisive and conflict-driving, and stirs hostility based on competition over resources and social status. These arguments and conclusions are applicable to other groups and group differences in general.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ravignani, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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The Paradox of Isochrony in the Evolution of Human Rhythm
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isochrony is crucial to the rhythm of human music. Some neural, behavioral and anatomical traits underlying rhythm perception and production are shared with a broad range of species. These may either have a common evolutionary origin, or have evolved into similar traits under different evolutionary pressures. Other traits underlying rhythm are rare across species, only found in humans and few other animals. Isochrony, or stable periodicity, is common to most human music, but isochronous behaviors are also found in many species. It appears paradoxical that humans are particularly good at producing and perceiving isochronous patterns, although this ability does not conceivably confer any evolutionary advantage to modern humans. This article will attempt to solve this conundrum. To this end, we define the concept of isochrony from the present functional perspective of physiology, cognitive neuroscience, signal processing, and interactive behavior, and review available evidence on isochrony in the signals of humans and other animals. We then attempt to resolve the paradox of isochrony by expanding an evolutionary hypothesis about the function that isochronous behavior may have had in early hominids. Finally, we propose avenues for empirical research to examine this hypothesis and to understand the evolutionary origin of isochrony in general.
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