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- Watts, Eleanor L., et al.
(författare)
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Circulating sex hormones in relation to anthropometric, sociodemographic and behavioural factors in an international dataset of 12,300 men
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Sex hormones have been implicated in the etiology of a number of diseases. To better understand disease etiology and the mechanisms of disease-risk factor associations, this analysis aimed to investigate the associations of anthropometric, sociodemographic and behavioural factors with a range of circulating sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin.Methods: Statistical analyses of individual participant data from 12,330 male controls aged 25–85 years from 25 studies involved in the Endogenous Hormones Nutritional Biomarkers and Prostate Cancer Collaborative Group. Analysis of variance was used to estimate geometric means adjusted for study and relevant covariates.Results: Older age was associated with higher concentrations of sex hormone-binding globulin and dihydrotestosterone and lower concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, free testosterone, androstenedione, androstanediol glucuronide and free estradiol. Higher body mass index was associated with higher concentrations of free estradiol, androstanediol glucuronide, estradiol and estrone and lower concentrations of dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, free testosterone, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Taller height was associated with lower concentrations of androstenedione, testosterone, free testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin and higher concentrations of androstanediol glucuronide. Current smoking was associated with higher concentrations of androstenedione, sex hormone-binding globulin and testosterone. Alcohol consumption was associated with higher concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione and androstanediol glucuronide. East Asians had lower concentrations of androstanediol glucuronide and African Americans had higher concentrations of estrogens. Education and marital status were modestly associated with a small number of hormones.Conclusion: Circulating sex hormones in men are strongly associated with age and body mass index, and to a lesser extent with smoking status and alcohol consumption.
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| 2. |
- Makitie, AA, et al.
(författare)
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Head and neck cancer management in the Nordic countries: an effort to harmonize treatment
- 2017
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Ingår i: European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-4726. ; 274:5, s. 2363-2365
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Dougherty, Liam R., et al.
(författare)
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A systematic map of studies testing the relationship between temperature and animal reproduction
- 2024
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Ingår i: Ecological Solutions and Evidence. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2688-8319. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to extreme temperatures can negatively affect animal reproduction, by disrupting the ability of individuals to produce any offspring (fertility), or the number of offspring produced by fertile individuals (fecundity). This has important ecological consequences, because reproduction is the ultimate measure of population fitness: a reduction in reproductive output lowers the population growth rate and increases the extinction risk. Despite this importance, there have been no large-scale summaries of the evidence for effect of temperature on reproduction.We provide a systematic map of studies testing the relationship between temperature and animal reproduction. We systematically searched for published studies that statistically test for a direct link between temperature and animal reproduction, in terms of fertility, fecundity or indirect measures of reproductive potential (gamete and gonad traits).Overall, we collated a large and rich evidence base, with 1654 papers that met our inclusion criteria, encompassing 1191 species.The map revealed several important research gaps. Insects made up almost half of the dataset, but reptiles and amphibians were uncommon, as were non-arthropod invertebrates. Fecundity was the most common reproductive trait examined, and relatively few studies measured fertility. It was uncommon for experimental studies to test exposure of different life stages, exposure to short-term heat or cold shock, exposure to temperature fluctuations, or to independently assess male and female effects. Studies were most often published in journals focusing on entomology and pest control, ecology and evolution, aquaculture and fisheries science, and marine biology. Finally, while individuals were sampled from every continent, there was a strong sampling bias towards mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, such that the tropics and polar regions are less well sampled.This map reveals a rich literature of studies testing the relationship between temperature and animal reproduction, but also uncovers substantial missing treatment of taxa, traits, and thermal regimes. This database will provide a valuable resource for future quantitative meta-analyses, and direct future studies aiming to fill identified gaps.
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| 6. |
- Gronlund, B, et al.
(författare)
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Sequential topotecan and oral etoposide in recurrent ovarian carcinoma pretreated with platinum-taxane - Results from a multicenter phase I/II study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Cancer. - : Wiley. - 1097-0142 .- 0008-543X. ; 103:7, s. 1388-1396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND. The objectives of this study were to determine the maximum tolerable dose (MTD), toxicity, efficacy, and feasibility of a sequential regimen of fixed-dose topotecan (1.00 mg/m(2) on Days 1-5) and increasing doses of oral etoposide (50 mg, 75 mg, and 100 mg on Days 6-12 or Days 6-19) in patients with recurrent ovarian carcinoma. METHODS. This multicenter, open-label study was planned as a Phase I-II study that included patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma who failed or who developed recurrent disease < 12 months after the end of platinum and taxane-containing chemotherapy. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as follows: Grade 4 neutropenia for > 1 week, or neutropenic fever 38.5 degrees C for > 24 hours/sepsis, or Grade 4 thrombocytopenia for > 1 week, or thrombocytopenia with bleeding, or Grade 3-4 nonhematologic toxicity. RESULTS. The MTD, as defined in the protocol, could not be settled because of unpredictable toxicity, because DLT was found at all dose levels except the starting dose level. In 28 patients (Phase I), 155 cycles were evaluable for toxicity. The main DLT was neutropenia Grade 4 for > 1 week or neutropenic fever/sepsis. Overall, neutropenia Grade 4 that lasted > 1 week and sepsis were noticed in 3% and 2% of cycles, respectively. Because no MTD was reached, the planned Phase II trial was not initiated. However, the patients from Phase I were followed until they developed progressive disease and, among them, 9 patients (32%) obtained an objective response (according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) or CA125 response criteria). CONCLUSIONS. Combined topotecan and oral etoposide was inappropriate in patients with recurrent ovarian carcinoma because of unpredictable hematologic toxicity. However, the high objective response rate highlighted the potential additive effect of topoisomerase I and II inhibitors.
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| 7. |
- Mirza, Mansoor Raza, et al.
(författare)
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A phase I study of the PARP inhibitor niraparib in combination with bevacizumab in platinum-sensitive epithelial ovarian cancer: NSGO AVANOVA1/ENGOT-OV24
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. - : SPRINGER. - 0344-5704 .- 1432-0843. ; 84:4, s. 791-798
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Combining poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors with antiangiogenic agents appeared to enhance activity vs PARP inhibitors alone in a randomized phase II trial. Materials and methods In AVANOVA (NCT02354131) part 1, patients with measurable/evaluable high-grade serous/endometrioid platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer received bevacizumab 15 mg/kg every 21 days with escalating doses of niraparib capsules (100, 200, or 300 mg daily) in a 3 + 3 dose-escalation design. Primary objectives were to evaluate safety and tolerability and to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Results Three of 12 enrolled patients had germline BRCA2 mutations. In cycle 1, nine patients experienced grade 3 toxicities: five with hypertension, three with anemia, and one with thrombocytopenia. There was one dose-limiting toxicity (grade 4 thrombocytopenia with niraparib 300 mg), thus the RP2D was bevacizumab 15 mg/kg with niraparib 300 mg. The response rate was 50%; disease was stabilized in a further 42%. Median progression-free survival was 11.6 (95% confidence interval 8.4-20.1) months. Niraparib pharmacokinetics were consistent with historical single-agent data. Overlapping exposure was observed across the dose ranges tested on days 1 and 21. Conclusions There was one dose-limiting toxicity; other adverse events were typical PARP inhibitor and antiangiogenic class effects. Niraparib-bevacizumab showed promising activity; Part 2 (vs bevacizumab) was recently reported and phase III comparison with standard-of-care therapy is planned.
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