| 1. |
- Hansen, Lea B.S., et al.
(författare)
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A low-gluten diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiome of healthy Danish adults
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018, The Author(s). Adherence to a low-gluten diet has become increasingly common in parts of the general population. However, the effects of reducing gluten-rich food items including wheat, barley and rye cereals in healthy adults are unclear. Here, we undertook a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial involving 60 middle-aged Danish adults without known disorders with two 8-week interventions comparing a low-gluten diet (2 g gluten per day) and a high-gluten diet (18 g gluten per day), separated by a washout period of at least six weeks with habitual diet (12 g gluten per day). We find that, in comparison with a high-gluten diet, a low-gluten diet induces moderate changes in the intestinal microbiome, reduces fasting and postprandial hydrogen exhalation, and leads to improvements in self-reported bloating. These observations suggest that most of the effects of a low-gluten diet in non-coeliac adults may be driven by qualitative changes in dietary fibres.
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| 2. |
- Chen, Guo, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of long-term frozen storage on the dynamics of water and ice in wheat bread
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Cereal Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0733-5210 .- 1095-9963. ; 57:1, s. 120-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Frozen storage of bread has a substantial impact on the dynamics of water and ice in the crumb and crust. In this study, the impact was characterized using wheat bread stored at -18 °C for a long term of ?4 months. The frozen bread incurred a considerable loss of the crumb water that migrated out and formed ice crystals on the bread surface. Such a moisture decrease underwent more rapidly for the bread stored without intact crust, suggesting the specific role of crust during frozen storage. Moisture also redistributed significantly within the frozen crumb, resulting in an elevated crumb heterogeneity of freezable water. This redistribution of freezable water was accompanied by a progressive recrystallization of the crumb-borne ice crystals, which were measured to grow into bulk sizes using a modified calorimetric procedure for analyzing the crumb samples at their as-frozen states.
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| 3. |
- Gerdtsson, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Surgical Complications in Postchemotherapy Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Nonseminoma Germ Cell Tumour : A Population-based Study from the Swedish Norwegian Testicular Cancer Group
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Urology Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2588-9311. ; 3:3, s. 382-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Reports on perioperative complications after postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND) for nonseminoma germ cell tumour (NSGCT) are from experienced single centres, with a lack of population-based studies. OBJECTIVE: To assess the complications of bilateral and unilateral PC-RPLND. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective, population-based, observational multicentre study included all patients with NSGCT who underwent PC-RPLND in Norway and Sweden during 2007-2014. Of a total of 318 patients, 87 underwent bilateral PC-RPLND and 231 underwent unilateral PC-RPLND. The median follow-up was 6 yr. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Bilateral and unilateral PC-RPLND were compared for the outcomes of intra- and postoperative complications (graded by Clavien-Dindo) and retrograde ejaculation (with or without nerve-sparing surgery). Complications were reported as absolute counts and percentages. The χ2 test was used for comparisons. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The incidence of intraoperative complications was higher for bilateral PC-RPLND than for unilateral PC-RPLND (14% vs 4.3%, p = 0.003), with ureteral injury as the most frequent reported complication (2% of the patients). Postoperative complications were more common after bilateral than after unilateral PC-RPLND (45% vs 25%, p = 0.001) with Clavien ≥3b reported in 8.3% and 2.2%, respectively (p = 0.009). Lymphatic leakage was the most common complication occurring in 11% of the patients. Retrograde ejaculation occurred more frequently after bilateral than after unilateral surgery (59% vs 32%, p < 0.001). Limitations of the study include reporting of retrograde ejaculation, which was based on a chart review. CONCLUSIONS: Intra- and postoperative complications including retrograde ejaculation are more frequent after bilateral PC-RPLND than after unilateral PC-RPLND. PATIENT SUMMARY: Lymph node dissection in patients with testicular cancer puts them at risk of complications. In this study, we present the complications after lymph node dissection.
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| 4. |
- Gerdtsson, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Unilateral or Bilateral Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection in Nonseminoma Patients with Postchemotherapy Residual Tumour? Results from RETROP, a Population-based Mapping Study by the Swedish Norwegian Testicular Cancer Group
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Urology Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2588-9311. ; 5:2, s. 235-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The distribution of retroperitoneal lymph node metastases for patients with nonseminoma and a residual tumour of 10-49 mm in a population-based setting is unknown. This information is needed to justify selection of patients for a unilateral template resection. OBJECTIVE: To describe the location of retroperitoneal metastases and recurrences in patients with nonseminoma germ cell tumour (NSGCT) with a residual tumour of 10-49 mm. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: RETROP is a population-based prospective observational mapping study of 213 patients in Sweden and Norway with a retroperitoneal residual tumour of 10-49 mm who underwent postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for metastatic NSGCT during 2007-2014 with median follow-up of 100 mo. Patients were classified according to the testis primary tumour and the distribution of unilateral or bilateral lymph node metastases (with reference to the aorta) present on pre- and/or postchemotherapy computed tomography (CT) scans. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The distribution and rate of teratoma or cancer in unilateral or bilateral retroperitoneal fields and the location and rate of retroperitoneal recurrence were measured. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: In total, 65% of the patients had unilateral retroperitoneal lymph node metastases (RLNMs) on CT scans. Patients with unilateral RLNMs had a low risk of contralateral teratoma or cancer (1.6% for right- and 2.6% for left-sided NSGCT) or retroperitoneal recurrence (0% for right- and 4% for left-sided NSGCT). A weakness of the study is that the pathology specimen could not be fully designated to one specific area for some of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Men with postchemotherapy residual disease of 10-49 mm and unilateral metastases on pre- and postchemotherapy CT scans have a low risk of contralateral disease and should be considered for a unilateral template resection. PATIENT SUMMARY: The surgeon can use computed tomography (CT) scans in deciding on the extent of lymph node dissection in patients with testicular cancer.
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| 5. |
- Löf, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Nurse Trees as a Forest Restoration Tool for Mixed Plantations: Effects on Competing Vegetation and Performance in Target Tree Species
- 2014
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Ingår i: Restoration Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1061-2971 .- 1526-100X. ; 22:6, s. 758-765
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multi-species mixed plantations can be designed to meet social, economic, and environmental objectives during forest restoration. This paper reports results from an experiment in southern Sweden concerning the influence of three different fast growing nurse tree species on the cover of herbaceous vegetation and on the performance of several target tree species. After 10 years, the nurse trees had reduced the competing herbaceous vegetation but the effect was weak and it may take more than a decade to achieve effective vegetation control. The nurse tree species Betula pendula and Larix x eurolepis did improve stem form in some target tree species, but had a minor effect on survival and growth. The open conditions before crown closure of nurse trees strongly influence seedling performance and so delayed planting of target tree species may provide a means to avoid those conditions. Survival and growth differed greatly among the tree species. Besides the two nurse tree species mentioned above, high survival was found in Picea abies and Quercus robur and intermediate survival in Fagus sylvatica, Tilia cordata, and in the N-fixing nurse tree Alnus glutinosa. Survival was low in the target tree species Fraxinus excelsior L. and Prunus avium. For restoration practitioners, our results illustrate the potential of using nurse trees for rapidly building a new forest structure and simultaneously increase productivity, which might be a cost-effective strategy for forest restoration.
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| 6. |
- Palm, Maria E, et al.
(författare)
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Cisplatin binds human copper chaperone Atox1 and promotes unfolding in vitro.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 108:17, s. 6951-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cisplatin (cisPt), Pt(NH(3))(2)Cl(2), is a cancer drug believed to kill cells via DNA binding and damage. Recent work has implied that the cellular copper (Cu) transport machinery may be involved in cisPt cell export and drug resistance. Normally, the Cu chaperone Atox1 binds Cu(I) via two cysteines and delivers the metal to metal-binding domains of ATP7B; the ATP7B domains then transfer the metal to the Golgi lumen for loading on cuproenzymes. Here, we use spectroscopic methods to test if cisPt interacts with purified Atox1 in solution in vitro. We find that cisPt binds to Atox1's metal-binding site regardless of the presence of Cu or not: When Cu is bound to Atox1, the near-UV circular dichroism signals indicate Cu-Pt interactions. From NMR data, it is evident that cisPt binds to the folded protein. CisPt-bound Atox1 is however not stable over time and the protein begins to unfold and aggregate. The reaction rates are limited by slow cisPt dechlorination. CisPt-induced unfolding of Atox1 is specific because this effect was not observed for two unrelated proteins that also bind cisPt. Our study demonstrates that Atox1 is a candidate for cisPt drug resistance: By binding to Atox1 in the cytoplasm, cisPt transport to DNA may be blocked. In agreement with this model, cell line studies demonstrate a correlation between Atox1 expression levels, and cisplatin resistance.
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| 7. |
- Persson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the interplay between within-stand variation and thinning practices in southern Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The state of within-stand variation (WSV) in boreal, coniferous production forests and how it is dealt with in thinning operations is a scarcely researched topic. In the autumn of 2018, we surveyed a series of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) or Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) dominated production stands scheduled for first commercial thinning from below. Here, we evaluate the potential causes of WSV in basal area, how WSV was addressed in the thinning operations, and finally how the stands and subsequent thinning practice conformed with the basal area target specified in the thinning guidelines. WSV in the yield attributes was defined as the dispersion in a stand attribute within a stand and quantified using the Qn scale estimator (a robust measure of dispersion). First, WSV in basal area at the time of first thinning was evaluated as a function of WSV in stem number and WSV in site index. Next, yield attributes before and after thinning were compared using paired ttests, and the future development of WSV in basal area was evaluated using linear mixed-effects models. Finally, the thinning practice was evaluated before and after thinning by modelling the compliance with the basal area target as a function of stem number and dominant height, also using linear mixed-effects models. WSV in basal area appeared to be influenced by WSV in site index and WSV in stem number for Norway spruce, but not for Scots pine. Thinning reduced the WSV in basal area, standing volume, and stem number, while dominant height, quadratic mean diameter and basal area weighted mean height remained unaffected. At first thinning, compliance with the thinning guideline increased with increasing stem density and dominant height. However, moderate to high compliance with the basal area target in the thinning guidelines was only reached for plots with elevated dominant height (>15 m) in combination with high stem number (>2250 N ha-1). Thus, the recommended range in dominant height (12-14 m) for first thinning was generally exceeded, which may be attributed to the generally low stem number at the time of thinning. This study suggests that sub-optimal regeneration efforts and management of young forests can lead to WSV across a wide range of stand attributes, and likely also reductions in yield. Thinning decreased WSV in basal area, standing volume and stem number, however, the plots were heavily thinned to such a degree that it could potentially cause production losses.
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| 8. |
- Svensson, Carl, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Fertilisation and irrigation have no effects on growth of oak (Quercus robur, Q. petraea) stands on abandoned farmland in southwest Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low nutrient availability often limits productivity in northern forests. In a nutrient optimisation trial, we investigated the effects of fertilisation and irrigation on soil moisture, leaf area index (LAI) as well as height and radial growth in 25-year-old stands of pedunculate and sessile oak (Quercus robur L., Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) growing on abandoned farmland in southwestern Sweden. Control (C), fertilisation (F), irrigation (I), and irrigation +fertilisation (IF) treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. End of growing season analysis of foliar nutrients guided the quantitative composition of next year’s fertiliser mix. Volumetric soil moisture (VWC) was significantly higher in the I and IF treatments compared to the C and F treated stands of both oak species. We did not observe a fertiliser-related reduction in VWC (except for 2015, when VWC in F- treated Q. robur stands was significantly lower than the control by about 18 %). This is in line with the unaffected LAI estimates (5.3–5.9) suggesting no stimulation of leaf production that could drive increases in transpiration with subsequent soil moisture depletion. There was no treatment ×year interaction for any of the growth-related variables. Treatments had no significant effects on basal area growth, which increased annually by 1.72 and 1.54 m2 ha-1 on average for Q. petraea and Q. robur, respectively. Pre-treatment height differences in Q. petraea stands (7–12 % taller trees in the C and IF plots) persisted throughout the study resulting in significant effects, while no significant differences in height occurred in Q. robur. Periodic annual volume increment varied more strongly following drier periods but there were no significant differences among treatments. Our findings indicate that fertilisation causes no or only minor increases in oak water use, suggesting that nutrient addition in oak stands within this precipitation regime does not require simultaneous irrigation. Most importantly, our data implies that the soil nutrient legacies of past agricultural use suffice to maximise the productivity of oak stands on abandoned farmland typical of the main oak growing region in southwestern Sweden.
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| 9. |
- Weidenhiller, A., et al.
(författare)
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Improved strength grading based on log and board measurements - Review and outlook : The research project READistrength
- 2021
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Ingår i: World Conference on Timber Engineering 2021, WCTE 2021. - : World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Timber utilisation and wood construction are fundamental components of Europe's strategy on progressing towards a sustainable bio-based economy. Both components require optimised strength grading procedures in Europe's sawmills. To further improve the current procedures, quality assessment and segregation of the raw material need to start already at the roundwood stage. Furthermore, the quality information should be made accessible throughout the production process to leverage the full potential for optimisation. This paper discusses the current state of research on combined log and board strength grading with a focus on the situation in Europe. It highlights limitations due to technology and current standardisation and identifies knowledge gaps and research opportunities. The European research project READiStrength (resource-efficient and data-driven integrated log and board strength grading) has been initiated to address these issues.
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