| 1. |
- Regmi, P., et al.
(författare)
-
The future of WRRF modelling - Outlook and challenges
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 79:1, s. 3-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The wastewater industry is currently facing dramatic changes, shifting away from energy-intensive wastewater treatment towards low-energy, sustainable technologies capable of achieving energy positive operation and resource recovery. The latter will shift the focus of the wastewater industry to how one could manage and extract resources from the wastewater, as opposed to the conventional paradigm of treatment. Debatable questions arise: Can the more complex models be calibrated, or will additional unknowns be introduced? After almost 30 years using well-known International Water Association (IWA) models, should the community move to other components, processes, or model structures like 'black box' models, computational fluid dynamics techniques, etc.? Can new data sources - e.g. on-line sensor data, chemical and molecular analyses, new analytical techniques, off-gas analysis - keep up with the increasing process complexity? Are different methods for data management, data reconciliation, and fault detection mature enough for coping with such a large amount of information? Are the available calibration techniques able to cope with such complex models? This paper describes the thoughts and opinions collected during the closing session of the 6th IWA/WEF Water Resource Recovery Modelling Seminar 2018. It presents a concerted and collective effort by individuals from many different sectors of the wastewater industry to offer past and present insights, as well as an outlook into the future of wastewater modelling.
|
|
| 2. |
- Brooke, Robert, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
-
Infrared electrochromic conducting polymer devices
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7526 .- 2050-7534. ; 5:23, s. 5824-5830
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is well known for its electrochromic properties in the visible region. Less focus has been devoted to the infrared (IR) wavelength range, although tunable IR properties could enable a wide range of novel applications. As an example, modern day vehicles have thermal cameras to identify pedestrians and animals in total darkness, but road and speed signs cannot be easily visualized by these imaging systems. IR electrochromism could enable a new generation of dynamic road signs that are compatible with thermal imaging, while simultaneously providing contrast also in the visible region. Here, we present the first metal-free flexible IR electrochromic devices, based on PEDOT:Tosylate as both the electrochromic material and electrodes. Lateral electrochromic devices enabled a detailed investigation of the IR electrochromism of thin PEDOT:Tosylate films, revealing large changes in their thermal signature, with effective temperature changes up to 10 °C between the oxidized (1.5 V) and reduced (-1.5 V) states of the polymer. Larger scale (7 × 7 cm) vertical electrochromic devices demonstrate practical suitability and showed effective temperature changes of approximately 7 °C, with good optical memory and fast switching (1.9 s from the oxidized state to the reduced state and 3.3 s for the reversed switching). The results are highly encouraging for using PEDOT:Tosylate for IR electrochromic applications.
|
|
| 3. |
- Che, Canyan, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
-
Twinning Lignosulfonate with a Conducting Polymer via Counter-Ion Exchange for Large-Scale Electrical Storage
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Advanced Sustainable Systems. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 2366-7486. ; 3:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignosulfonate (LS) is a large-scale surplus product of the forest and paper industries, and has primarily been utilized as a low-cost plasticizer in making concrete for the construction industry. LS is an anionic redox-active polyelectrolyte and is a promising candidate to boost the charge capacity of the positive electrode (positrode) in redox-supercapacitors. Here, the physical-chemical investigation of how this biopolymer incorporates into the conducting polymer PEDOT matrix, of the positrode, by means of counter-ion exchange is reported. Upon successful incorporation, an optimal access to redox moieties is achieved, which provides a 63% increase of the resulting stored electrical charge by reversible redox interconversion. The effects of pH, ionic strength, and concentrations, of included components, on the polymer–polymer interactions are optimized to exploit the biopolymer-associated redox currents. Further, the explored LS-conducting polymer incorporation strategy, via aqueous synthesis, is evaluated in an up-scaling effort toward large-scale electrical energy storage technology. By using an up-scaled production protocol, integration of the biopolymer within the conducting polymer matrix by counter-ion exchange is confirmed and the PEDOT-LS synthesized through optimized strategy reaches an improved charge capacity of 44.6 mAh g−1.
|
|
| 4. |
- Kurdve, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Production System Change Strategy in Lightweight Manufacturing
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; , s. 160-165
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two change management strategies: a minimum change, exploitation strategy (kaizen) and a maximum output, exploration strategy (kaikaku) have been applied in a manufacturing case study. Value stream mapping and discrete event simulation were used to analyse the production system changes, with regards to robustness and total lead-time, to increase knowledge of how to choose change management strategy. The results point out that available time is crucial. It is important to consider not only product specification and return of investment, but also the change and risk management. Future research should develop engineering change management further.
|
|
| 5. |
- Sandberg, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Photoconductive zinc oxide-composite paper by pilot paper machine manufacturing
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Flexible and Printed Electronics. - : IOP Publishing. - 2058-8585. ; 1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smartmaterials can be used for awide variety of applications, including sensing and energy harvesting.Implementation of smartmaterials in large area devices requires scalablemanufacturing. The use ofpaper-making techniques would offer an enormous production capacity, allowing for low-cost andlarge-scalemanufacturing. In thisworkwe present a successful pilot scale papermachinemanufacturingof functional composite papers(100mmin−1 with aweb width of 30 cm) based on cellulose fibres andcommercial tetrapodal zinc oxidemicrowhiskers(ZnO-Ts).Carbon electrodes could successfully beprinted on the paper to form complete electronic devices where the paper itself is the active material.Thisenabled development of aZnO-composite paper photosensor,where we characterized its stability,sensitivity and speed. The devices show excellent photosensing properties over awide range of lightirradiances(0.01–1Sun), including short response times (∼10 s) and long-term stability. Under simulatedsunlight and a bias voltage of 1 V, small(0.5 cm2) two-probe interdigitated photosensor devices provided12μAphotocurrent.Under the same conditions, four-probe measurements of the composite papershowed a sheet resistance of 6.9·107Ω/sq. Four-probe measurements also demonstrated that the paperconductivity varies linearlywith light irradiance. To the best of ourknowledge, this is thefirst example ofpilot paper machine production of an optoelectronic paper, demonstrating the potential for large-scalepapermanufacturing of active smart paper from low-cost industrial bulk materials.
|
|
| 6. |
- Sundberg, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis and design of industrial microwave ovens using the finite difference time domain method
- 1996
-
Ingår i: The Journal of microwave power and electromagnetic energy. - 0832-7823. ; 31:3, s. 142-157
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method is applied to industrial microwave ovens used in the food industry. Theoretical and practical aspects of FDTD analysis for this purpose are dealt with. Two different open-ended applicator types are described and analyzed numerically and experimentally and their relative performance is discussed. One of these applicators is a novel design based on low impedance TM modes which reduces edge-overheating and load reflections. It is shown that the common belief that the heating pattern from open-ended microwave applicators can be predicted from their radiation fields alone is often in error, and that resonances in the whole system of applicators and food loads are of major importance.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bergström, Lars Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
A model-independent evaluation of experimental data, and comparison with theory, of synergistic effects in mixtures of an ionic and a nonionic surfactant
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 19:26, s. 10719-10725
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Critical micelle concentrations for mixtures of an anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and a nonionic (decyl beta-glucoside) surfactant was obtained from surface tension measurements at different concentrations of added NaCl. The observed synergistic effects were analyzed by means of introducing a novel model-independent synergy parameter. The model-independent evaluation has enabled the comparison of experimental results with a theoretical model based on the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) mean field theory for spherical, cylindrical, and planar geometries, respectively. We found that best agreement with experimental data was obtained for largely curved structures (spherical and cylindrical micelles) at all [NaCl], which is consistent with the fact that rather small micelles, as a rule, form at the critical micelle concentration. Moreover, the PB theory was found to better describe synergistic behavior of the experimental data than the more conventional regular mixture theory, in particular at low electrolyte concentrations. The magnitude of the observed synergistic effects was found to increase as a small amount of NaCl was added and reach a maximum at [NaCl] = 10 mM, in agreement with the PB theory. As expected, synergism was observed to decrease in magnitude upon further addition of NaCl.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Flores-Alsina, Xavier, et al.
(författare)
-
Benchmarking strategies to control GHG production and emissions : Chapter 9
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Quantification and Modelling of Fugitive Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Urban Water Systems: A report from the IWA Task Group on GHG. - : IWA Publishing. - 9781789060461 - 9781789060454 ; , s. 213-228
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Benchmarking has been a useful tool for unbiased comparison of control strategies in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in terms of effluent quality, operational cost and risk of suffering microbiology-related total suspended solids (TSS) separation problems. This chapter presents the status of extending the original Benchmark Simulation Model No 2 (BSM2) towards including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A mathematical approach based on a set of comprehensive models that estimate all potential on-site and off-site sources of COinf2/inf, CHinf4/inf and Ninf2/infO is presented and discussed in detail. Based upon the assumptions built into the model structures, simulation results highlight the potential undesirable effects on increased GHG emissions when carrying out local energy optimization in the activated sludge section and/or energy recovery in the anaerobic digester. Although off-site COinf2/inf emissions may decrease in such scenarios due to either lower aeration energy requirement or higher heat and electricity production, these effects may be counterbalanced by increased Ninf2/infO emissions, especially since Ninf2/infO has a 300-fold stronger greenhouse effect than COinf2/inf. The reported results emphasize the importance of using integrated approaches when comparing and evaluating (plant-wide) control strategies in WWTPs for more informed operational decision-making.
|
|
